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REPRESENTATION OF THE SPACE CATEGORY IN THE ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY OF BIOTECHNOLOGУ

Author(s): Elena Syrotina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper deals with the study of the modern English language terminology of biotechnology within the framework of the cognitive paradigm. The study of biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics is associated with the study of the role of epistemological categories and their linguistic expression in the studied terminology. It has been established that certain categories play an important role both in the birth of a scientific concept and in the formation of a name reflecting it. The author aims to reveal the functional features of the category of space in the language of biotechnology and to identify a set of tools in the English language that serve to express this category. The epistemological category of space is widely represented in biotechnological terminology, since it has pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need to accurately indicate the specific shape, size, location and movement of objects used by humans for manipulation. Thus, from the point of view of the cognitive approach, one of the bases for the classification of concepts in biotechnological terminology is the category of space. The concepts of space (PLACE, CONTENT, FORM, MOVEMENT) have paramount importance in the formation of biotechnology concepts. Linguistic means of representation of these space concepts are widely represented in the biotechnological terminology of the English language. They are special morphemes, special spatial vocabulary, syntactic constructions, which have space information.

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Náčrt jazykového obrazu matky v slovenčine

Author(s): Anna Gálisová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

This paper examines the linguistic image of the word matka "mother" in Slovak and its profiles. Theoretically, the paper is based on the principles of Slavic ethnolinguistics, and the examination of the Slovak linguistic image of mother relies on available relevant linguistic and empirical data. The analysis of linguistic data includes an examination of the lexical meaning captured in explanatory dictionaries, an examination of images of mother in Slovak phraseological units, as well as of the etymology of the lexeme matka. The empirical data was collected via questionnaire, and the paper both evaluates and correlates it with linguistic image of the word matka in Slovak. Finally, the paper enumerates individual profiles of matka in Slovak.

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ДОСТОВЕРНОСТ, АВТОРИТЕТНОСТ, ЯСНОТА: ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПАРАМЕТРИТЕ НА ЕКСПЕРТНАТА РЕЧ В МЕДИИТЕ ВЪРХУ НАЧИНА НА ВЪЗПРИЕМАНЕ НА ИНФОРМАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the influence of the parameters of expert speech on the trustworthiness, authority and clarity of information in the media. The following parameters of the expert speech, based on research on the specifics of the professional and media register (Halliday 1989, Videnov 2012 and others), in the media texts were observed: presence, adequacy and naming of the sources - expert and informational; presence of professional vocabulary and terminology; complicating the syntactic organization of utterances; presence of international vocabulary and foreign words and expressions; presence of evaluative and expressive vocabulary (metaphors, etc.); use of modal and conditional constructions to distinguish factual from non-factual information; correlation of indicative and retelling forms. A survey was conducted to establish the influence of linguistic facts on the assessment of expert speech in media reports. A survey was conducted on sentences from 14 informational articles selected using the keywords "coronavirus experts". The questionnaire contained 12 multiple-choice questions, grouped into three sections according to the criteria to be measured: trustworthiness (6 questions), clarity (3 questions) and authority (3 questions). The comments establish a different influence of the same language parameters on the sense of trustworthiness, authority and clarity of the content. Their reading depends on the experience, skills and attitudes of the audience to understand the media text.

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Problemi traduttivi a proposito di A Distant Shore di Caryl Phillips

Author(s): Alessandra Lipari / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2020

The author has translated into Italian for the first time a significant passage of the seventh novel by contemporary British author, Caryl Phillips, “A Distant Shore”, and has analysed translationally and metalinguistically the problems concerning the transition from the source text to the target text. In particular, we have focused on the morphosyntactic level, on the pragmatic level and, above all, on the lexical level. The translation work and the analysis of the problems connected to it have allowed, on the one hand, to enter the author's writing laboratory and, on the other, to verify the consistency of translation theories in vogue. It has been noted that, in any case, the translator must also open his/her own laboratory in which to combine metatranslation knowledge, adherence to the source text and own creativity in problem solving.

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Modele conceptuale pentru formarea deprinderilor de comprehensiune literală și contextuală integrată în procesul de lectură

Author(s): Marcel Bâlici,Nadejda Bâlici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The paper tries to identify the methods of connection between different synaesthetic centers for the reception of reality and gradual implementation of the didactical techniques in the layered models of display of the read messages. The level of complexity of interpretation is literal and contextual, but this stage is essential for the determination of the action vector according to the learning strategy. Contextualized comprehension represents the practical elaboration of the methods of approach of an understanding in a st5ratfied aspect and staged guidance, from segmental phonetic units to the appropriation of circumstantial structures of communication. Contextualization at intersegmental level/ fragments of lexeme implies intrinsic elements of the literal understanding and contextual, through the stratified method of applying didactical techniques.

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Deep culture-rooted stereotypes: a contrastive study of Romanian and Spanish cultures through ethnic-referring expressions

Author(s): Victor-Emanuel Ciuciuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The contrasts that sometimes exist between what is said literally and what is really meant, the adequacy of the sequences, as well as the adjustment of grammatical constructions to the context and the situation, or the adequate selection of the referent as a previous step for achieving full comprehension of the statements are three types of phenomena that elude a precise characterization in purely grammatical terms. Escandell Vidal (2013) emphasizes the importance of extra-linguistic factors that condition the effective use of language, including this characteristic in the definition of pragmatics that encompasses, in her opinion, "the considerations that determine both the use of a specific statement by a specific speaker in a specific communicative situation, such as its interpretation by the addressee " (Escandell Vidal 2013: 15). However, the fact that the relationship between language and reality is not straightforward (and subsequently, that language is not mere nomenclature) is apparent in the lack of lexical-grammatical correspondence between different languages– a phenomenon observable in different instances of language contact, including interlingual translation and language learning. Moreover, the same stimulus from reality is “interpreted” and rendered differently by different languages. Therefore, our analysis is a descriptive one, which will focus especially on the extra linguistic situation, in order to provide context, the register of use, the meaning, the communicative function, the use restrictions and examples of use. Altogether, all these pieces of information will help us contour the image that the analysed expressions depict. In order to do so, the following steps have been followed: selection of the ethnic-referring expressions; data compilation and the need of establishing a frequency of use for each expression, in order to identify the most frequently-used stereotypes; reference to the definition proposed by the dictionaries (and if considered relevant or/and available, the etymological data); reference to sociological and/or cultural data, when needed.

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Man, Machine and the Common Algorithm

Author(s): Gigi Mihăiţă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Language is a space in itself establishing a bridge between at least two other spaces, us and the other one. The paper focuses on the interaction between our outer reality and our inner reality through language and what processes are involved, on how outer objects (events, situations, etc.) become inner objects (representations, concepts, etc.). We narrowed our interest to the verbal tense forms and the most elusive quantitative dimension, time. Our approach establishes a bridge between the “machine” and us through a common algorithm of defining objects in time.

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ALCOHOL IN MYTHIC SPACE: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY LINGUO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS

Author(s): Oleksandr Kolesnyk / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article addresses verbal means of denoting ALCOHOL in the context of the “mythic space”. Mythic space is regarded as the focal segment of a language worldview, the container of irrational axiomatic data quanta that function as basic categorization operators at different stages of civilization’s development. Primal “nano-myths” are reconstructed via etymological analysis of alcohol-containing beverages’ names in different European languages. The article discusses semantics and linguo-cognitive premises of the language signs denoting alcohol beverages in archaic Germanic worldview and in the presentday English-based pop-cultural worldview. The paper suggests a synthetic interdisciplinary interpretation of linguo-cultural implications of the said semantic and cognitive models.

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Súčasný slovakistický výskum na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici

Author(s): Anna Gálisová,Anita Huťková,Alexandra Chomová,Ivan Očenáš,Gabriel Rožai / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2023

The paper aims to present the results of the scientific research and publication work conducted by the Slovak Language and Communication Department of the Faculty of Arts of Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica in the last six years, with special emphasis on project activities. In accordance with the above mentioned objective, the paper is divided into several chapters. After a brief introduction to the establishment and long-term scientific research activities of the department, we present the results of research carried out from 2018 to date. The current research activities are mainly conducted in the fields of onomastics, media and environmental communication, linguistic stylistics and pragma-stylistics, cognitive linguistics, language education, translatology and gender linguistics. At the same time, the research work relies on modern research concepts of an interdisciplinary nature (the concept of the linguistic image of the world, linguistic landscape, memory, etc.). In the final part we present the development perspectives for the department scientific research activities in the short- and medium-term.

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РЕЧНИКЪТ НА ПЕРКУ ДУПЦА – МАЛКО ИЗВЕСТЕН ИЗВОР ЗА ЛЕКСИКАТА НА БАНАТСКИЯ ГОВОР

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РЕЧНИКЪТ НА ПЕРКУ ДУПЦА – МАЛКО ИЗВЕСТЕН ИЗВОР ЗА ЛЕКСИКАТА НА БАНАТСКИЯ ГОВОР

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

The article examines for the first time the Dictionary of Perku Duptsa, entitled “The vocabulary of the Banat dialect. Supplement” (2004). The author lived in the city of Vinga, Romanian Banat. Perku Duptsa was editing Stoyko Stoykov’s fundamental study “The Vocabulary of the Banat dialect”. The dictionary of Perku Duptsa has not been studied so far and proves the efforts of the Banat Bulgarians to preserve their written heritage and find agreement on a common spelling.

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Ochrona pracowników przed zautomatyzowaną dyskryminacją na przykładzie procesu rekrutacji i selekcji pracowników

Author(s): Weronika Głodek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2024

This article examines the impact of the technological revolution on changes taking place in the field of employment, which is a topical issue in both international and domestic law. The purpose of the article is to indicate how current legislation, as well as its drafts, contribute to the protection of job applicants involved in the employees’ recruitment and selection process. The article also addresses the issue of liability for the phenomenon of “automated discrimination” that can occur in connection with the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in the employee recruitment and selection process.

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Разлики между достоверността на информацията, изразявана чрез четирите евиденциала в съвременния български език, според оценките на анкетирани българи

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Разлики между достоверността на информацията, изразявана чрез четирите евиденциала в съвременния български език, според оценките на анкетирани българи

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova,Mihaela Moskova,Danka Apostolova,Yana Sivilova,Laska Laskova,Patrik Mihaylov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

This study analyzes the differences between the indicative, inferential, renarrative and dubitative forms in contemporary Bulgarian based on their perceived degree of reliability, as evaluated through a survey conducted with 950 Bulgarian native speakers. The primary objective is to investigate how they perceive distinctions in reliability across six experimental scenarios that combine forms of all four evidentials. The results are used to examine the degrees of reliability in each pair of evidentials. Additionally, the study revisits the discussion on whether subordinate relationship exists between the features of subjectivity and renarrativity (reportedness) which form the oppositions between the four evidentials in contemporary Bulgarian.

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Не другата буза, или предпочитаният отговор в словесния конфликт

Author(s): Angelina Tatareva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The general idea of the study is to outline the nature and the linguistic realisation of preferred responses in conflictual verbal interaction. The phenomenon is considered through the prism of conversation analysis and specifically, in the light of basic parameters such as sequence organisation of talk, adjacency pairs, preference structure, etc. The observations are based on selected empirical material from the Bulgarian television broadcasting: communicative situations, part of a well-known show in a reality format, containing open confrontation between a guest and a host, marked at speech level in their turn exchange. The aim is to identify diverse adjacency pairs at key moments and phases of clash development and to describe the corresponding type of preference structure. A supporting thesis is that dispreferred responses in ordinary, harmonious communication seem to be preferred in the context of verbal confrontation. The results of the work are applicable in the fields of communicology, oral dialogic discourse analysis, and conflictology.

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Глобалният гражданин: чуждоезиково пространство и интеркултурност

Author(s): Teodora Kiryakova-Dineva,Konstantinos Parisis / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The concept of the global citizen is increasingly seen as a central component in the discussion of intercultural competence and foreign language acquisition. In an increasingly globalized world, the appreciation of the role of different cultural contexts is of increasing importance. This article examines the role of the global citizen in the foreign language space of interculturality and shows how foreign language acquisition through language concepts not only promotes communicative skills, but also develops a deeper understanding of other cultures and perspectives. The connection between language competence and intercultural sensitivity is emphasized, with the global citizen defined as someone who has the ability to act responsibly in a multicultural world and to value and respect cultural diversity

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Interdyscyplinarne podejście do zagadnienia dobrostanu zwierząt na przykładzie badań zaburzeń behawioralno-poznawczych u psów i kotów

Author(s): Adriana Schetz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2024

The article attempts to apply a tool known after Daniel Dennett reverse engineering in an endeavor to answer the question of how one can describe the minds of animals using concepts from the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. Given that philosophy of mind has traditionally centered its inquiries on humans, it may seem that its characteristic conceptual framework is not suitable for describing the mental states of non-human beings. However, by demonstrating how categories created for classifying human behavioral-cognitive disorders can be applied to describe similar disorders in domestic animals, specifically dogs and cats, it can be argued that it is justified to extend the application of theories developed within the realms of philosophy of mind and cognitive science – as an interdisciplinary field that includes philosophical reflection – to encompass the minds of non-human animals as well.

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Horses’ Self-recognition in the Mirror Test. New Approach

Author(s): Ida Aleksandra Ilmer,Tomasz Smoleń / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

This paper aims to present a new, modified mirror test procedure and to answer the question of whether the domestic horse (Equus caballus) is a self-conscious species in terms of reflexive consciousness. The new approach to the mirror test is characterised by a reduction in the animal’s exposure time to the mirror image, changes in the marker, and introduction of a control condition, which minimises the likelihood of false positive results. The sample includes 24 horses tested in two conditions. A quarter of the horses tested were able to detect a treat that was invisible to them, without seeing themselves in the mirror. This behaviour was interpreted as self-recognition. This proportion turned out to be statistically significantly different from the proportion expected in the null hypothesis, as shown by the McNemar test. In the light of the above results of the experiment and theoretical analysis of the characteristics of the species we draw a conclusion that the observed horses’ self-recognition is a likely mark of their self-consciousness.

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Of Rats and Men I: A Pragmatist Take on the Concept of Free Will as a Challenge to the Human-Animal Dichotomy

Author(s): Zbigniew Słuszkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

The article is the first part of a triptych on agency. It critically analyses those arguments drawing from the notion of free will (FW) that most frequently resurface in discussions of non-human minds within the context of the human-animal divide. By embedding the investigation within pragmatic philosophy, backed by broadly understood cognitive sciences, the author argues that this web of assertions is unconvincing, as FW’s ontology: 1) is inconsistent with current empirical knowledge; 2) appears to be a superficial construct, failing to reflect the intricacies of human decision-making processes; and 3) is inconsequential for experience. Rather than being a unique capability of the mind, FW reveals itself as an anthropocentric and WEIRD-made artefact, which lacks explanatory power regarding human behaviour. As such, when applied to non-human species, it qualifies as anthropofabulation. Consequently, the author proposes replacing FW with an empirically informed concept of agency derived from Karl Friston’s free-energy principle, supported by insights from the processual philosophy of biology. Such a framework allows for capturing the nature of agency in its advanced form, plausibly shared with at least some other species. It thus facilitates the construction of gradable concepts of moral agency, in the likes of Mark Rowlands’s category of “the moral subject.” Subsequent articles will discuss this subject matter further.

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COMPOSITIONS OF COLOURATIVES IN "EVENINGS ON A FARM NEAR DIKANKA" BY NIKOLAI GOGOL

Author(s): Elena Nikolaevna Bekasova,Lukáš Gajarský,Andrea Grominova / Language(s): English Issue: 48/2024

The research within this article is interdisciplinary, at the intersection of linguistics and literature, and focuses on the modeling of the world's colour palette in artistic texts. In this regard, a study examining colourative compositions in the works of N.V. Gogol, where the volumetric and multidimensional style as it plays a determining role in the poetic colourization, is of special interest. The significance of word colouration in N.V. Gogol's early works shapes the objective of this article, which aims to uncover the specific representation and peculiarities of the colouratives in "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka". To characterize the systemic organization of colouratives in each short story, methods such as description, generalization, and the interpretation of linguistic material are employed, taking into account statistical data as well as elements from linguogenetic and textological approaches.

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ИЗ ЗАПАДНОСЛАВЯНСКАТА ДИАЛЕКТНА ЕТИМОЛОГИЯ (СЛОВАШ. ДИАЛ. PREFENDOVAT’, PREFENTOVAT’, ЧЕШ. ДИАЛ. PROFENTOVAT’ И ДР.): ЗА ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕТО НА Т.НАР. КОМПЛЕКСНА СИТУАЦИЯ В ЕТИМОЛОГИЧНАТА ПРАКТИКА

Author(s): Ľubor Králik / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The author discusses the origin of some Slovak and Czech dialectal verbs. In his opinion, Slovak dial. prefendovať, prefentovať, prefendývať ‘to reproach, express disapproval of, criticize; to draw attention to, remind; to repeat (something already said) before others, spread an information’, profentovať, profendovať ‘to speak a lot; to repeat; to speculate, philosophize; to answer back sharply, rudely’ can be traced back to an original *profetovať as a loanword from Latin prophētāre (literally, ‘to act as a prophet’). Тhe manifold semantics of the Slovak dialectisms seem to reflect the various aspects of the image (or the complex situation) of a prophet as documented in the Old Testament. The phonetically similar Czech dial. profentiť, profentovať ‘to make oneself prominent, more important’, profentýrovať sa ‘to show off, flaunt’ may be derived (while supposing a syncope profent- < proferent-) from an unattested noun *proferent ‘a person who shows off’ (cf. also Czech dial. proferentiť sa ‘to show off, flaunt’), from Latin sē prōferre ‘to raise one’s self, show one’s self, appear’, part. praes. act. sē prōferēns.

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W stronę postinteligencji, czyli praktyki poznawcze posthumanistycznej pedagogiki postpiśmiennej

Author(s): Maciej Michalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2024

The article proposes changes in contemporary pedagogical cognitive practices, necessary due to the needs of the present day and effective implementation of reforms in subject didactics. The source of inspiration for the proposal presented in the text is post-humanities and the analysis of the postliterate condition. The former calls for greater emphasis on among others the practice of knowledge, participation and engagement, and the development of ways of thinking that help to address the environmental crisis, such as interdependent and long-term thinking. The post-literate condition requires a change of the dominant element in education from the culture of writing to audiovisual culture, as well as, a different understanding of the role of experience and truth. Transformations carried out in accordance with post-humanist and post-literate reflection will lead to the upbringing of a new type of graduate educated in the post-intelligence: having different competences (among others developed self-awareness, resilience and critical thinking) and co-creating a new social formation, characterized by greater interpersonal competences, openness to change and the ability to cope with the dynamics of the modern world.

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