THE DICHOTOMY IMPLICIT / EXPLICIT LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Author(s): Mariana Gotseva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article looks into the dichotomy implicit/explicit learning and knowledge in the context of learning English as a second or foreign language, strongly influenced by the findings of experimental and cognitive psychology studies. The dichotomy originated in cognitive psychology, which differentiates between implicit and explicit learning and treats them as distinct processes, related to separate memory systems. Human beings do certain things, such as walking or making simple utterances in their mother tongue, with little insight into the nature of the processes involved, i.e. they are learned implicitly, just like birds learn to fly. Other abilities, such as calculating, playing chess or using a computer, depend on knowing how to do them, i.e. they are learned explicitly. Both cognitive psychology and language learning studies have been trying to work out what aspects of L2 can be learned implicitly and what mechanisms of explicit learning are available to learners. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers, in their turn, have focused on the identification of the processes involved in the two types of learning, the ways in which they could be manipulated through instruction, and the type of knowledge resulting from these processes. The article also reviews how the dichotomy has been treated and interpreted by various fields of study, in an attempt to clarify its meaning and application to research in second language acquisition.

Plichacz w beczce siwra Deusa o spas – słownictwo należące do kategorii „religia” w XIX‑wiecznej gwarze przestępczej

Author(s): Jarosław Grzegorz Pacuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The object of observation is criminal jargon from the 19th century. The description concerns lexis belonging to the thematic field religion. The text shows little known (or even unknown) historical vocabulary of the environment. The author focuses on presenting the etymology of the collected words. Some remarks on the origin of words have the character of hypotheses and are a pretext for further discussion. The author excerpts linguistic material from Słownik mowy złodziejskiej by Antoni Kurka (1896) and Szwargot więzienny by Karol Estreicher (1903, this publication gathers vocabulary from Estreicher’s works published several decades earlier). The author evaluates the stability of the vocabulary and the development of the lexis – he compares the 19th-century material with notations appearing in the later work Żargon mowy przestępczej by Wiktor Ludwikowski and Henryk Walczak (published in 1922).

TRANSLINGUISME – THE WRITER BETWEEN TWO OR MORE LANGUAGES

Author(s): Laura-Mariana Lungu / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2023

Literary practice in one or more foreign languages has been experienced by an impressive number of authors over the centuries. Translingual writers are writers who have practiced literature, exclusively or not, in a second language or in several. Many French-speaking writers have the tendency to produce a reflection on languages and language, and often even to make language one the main subjects of their writing. The change of language and its consequences in the life of exiles also occupy a prominent place in autobiographical accounts, novels and essays.

УПОТРЕБИ НА ПАРЕМИИ В СЪВРЕМЕННИТЕ МЕДИИ

Author(s): Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 22/2023

The article focuses on the uses of folk paremiology in the modern Internet space. Special attention is paid to the role of proverbs and sayings and their place in news, commentary discourse, as well as in entertainment programs. The author examines a specific proverb and its functions in a modern context by juxtaposing traditional and current manifestations of folklore.

СРЕДСТВА ПАРАЈЕЗИЧКЕ ЕКСПРЕСИВНОСТИ У ПИСАНОМ ДИСКУРСУ: АНАЛИЗА ПРИМЕРА У "DEJAME QUE TE CUENTE…" ХОРХЕА БУКАЈА

Author(s): Gorana Zečević Krneta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 79/2022

En este trabajo se analiza la presencia y modos de manifestación del paralenguaje en Déjame que te cuente... del escritor y psiquiatra argentino Jorge Bucay. Tres son las razones que nos llevaron a elegir este libro: el título del libro lleva puntos suspensivos que llegan a ser uno de los pilares de la expresividad artística; luego, es una obra llena de diálogos que refleja en papel la estructura típica del discurso oral; y la tercera razón, el autor, además de ser escritor, es un médico psiquiatra y psicoterapeuta, lo que implica una mayor capacidad de matizar la narración con medios no verbales. Bucay utiliza todos los recursos disponibles para diversificar su expresión y hacer reflexionar al lector. Esta intención del narrador se ve ejemplificada a través de muchos elementos paralingüísticos, comunicativamente relevantes. En nuestro análisis partimos de las clasificacones elaboradas por Poyatos (1998, 2002a, 2002б), Antúnez Pérez (2005, 2006) y Panić Cerovski (2017), pero hacemos notar que algunos parámet- ros del análisis deben ser reconsiderados de acuerdo con el canal comunicativo al que pertenecen. Establecida la diferencia entre el tipo visual y el auditivo de los medios de expresividad paralingüística, los resultados del análisis sacan a luz diferentes elementos de tipo visual, entre los cuales destacan los elementos tipográficos y la organización espacial del texto. Los signos de puntuación, interjecciones y vocalizaciones representan las transcripciones de los parámetros auditivos, conque se consideran como elementos paralingüísticos de tipo auditivo. El silencio como ausencia del sonido se manifiesta en la obra tanto al nivel paralingüístico (puntos suspensivos) como al nivel lingüístico (el sustantivo silencio). Se toman en consideración también las descripciones ver- bales que, pese a su realización verbal en la obra, tienen una función primariamente paralingüística gracias a la relación que se establece entre el signo y lo designado.

ИДЕОЛОШКА (ЗЛО)УПОТРЕБА ЈЕЗИКА: ЈЕЗИЧКО-СТИЛСКА АНАЛИЗА ПОЛИТИЧКИХ СЛОГАНА

Author(s): Marija Ž. Nenadić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 79/2022

The paper provides a linguistic analysis of political slogans. The corpus material includes political slogans of this year‘s general elections held on April 3, 2022. The aforementioned syntactic constructions are classified into two categories– slogans with a predicate constituent and slogans without a predicate constituent. Using qualitative methodology, we endeavor to provide a thorough description of excerpted linguistic units in order to determine their stylistic and pragmatic potential. The analysis concludes that the dominant feature of these linguistic expressions are stylistic figures of repetition – alliteration, assonance, and consonance – but in some instances, other marketing strategies have been implemented that contribute to the retention of statements. Nevertheless, we suggest that interviewing native speakers would provide a better insight into the pragmatic nature of the examined material.

METHODS OF RESEARCH OF THE PERSUASIVE DISCOURSE APPLIED IN SOCIAL CRISIS SITUATIONS

Author(s): Viorica Lifari,Stella Grama / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

The present paper explores the cognitive side of persuasive discourse and the role of power in it. The main purpose of the article is to put into discussion various models of Critical Discourse Analysis which were formulated by linguists from the domain and to present a general picture of methods that refer to discourse analysis. We focus on the inter-disciplinary aspect of the discourse analysis which covers different perspectives: linguistic, cognitive and socio-linguistic. Also, we emphasize the similarities and the differences between different branches of discourse analysis such as critical linguistics, the historical approach of discourse analysis and the cognitive one. By synthesising and comparing these methods we aim at developing a comprehensive and integrate model of discourse analysis, which will reflect the interaction between discourse, cognition and the social context.

ИЗ ОНОМАСТИКЕ СЕЛА ДОЊА САБАНТА КОД КРАГУЈЕВЦА

Author(s): Mirjana R. Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 80/2023

The paper investigates the onomastic data collected in Donja Sabanta, Sumadija region, which administratively belongs to the municipality of Kragujevac. Microtoponyms and antroponyms (personal and family nicknames and hypocoristic names) of all the residents who live in the village, according to the information we possess, either permanently or from time to time (in order to do seasonal agricultural work on the land). In order to establish the dynamics of the antropomasticons from the village of Donja Sabanta we have consulted the birth register, and thus compared the system of personal first names of the people born between 1930 and 1960 and those born between 1990 and 2020. The aim of this paper is to list all the toponyms and antroponyms and analyses them from the structural and semantic aspect. The secondary aim is to describe the stability and changes in the system of official names of the residents of the village Donja Sabanta.The collected microtoponyms are motivated by the versatile natural and cultural characteristics of the physiogenous and antropgenous phenomena in the village. In the formation of the microtoponyms in Donja Sabanta we have noticed all the deriva- tive models and suffixes which function in the toponymy of (the central) Serbia. The system of male personal nicknames stands out within the system of antroponymous categories by its numerousness and versatility. Apart from -a forms, which are domi- nant in Sumadija, a significant number of male hypocoristic names ending in -o has been confirmed (Pero, Aco and similar).At the end of the paper we enclose a register in alphabetical order of microtoponyms and antroponyms which were collected in the field.

"Ricerche slavistiche" e gli inizi di una moderna ucrainistica in Italia: tra tradizione filologica e collaborazioni internazionali

Author(s): Alessandro Achilli / Language(s): Italian Issue: 65/2022

In this article I offer an overview of the articles published in “Ricerche slavistiche” pertaining to Ukrainian Studies. Although quantitatively not abundant, articles devoted to Ukraine and its culture and language published in “Ricerche slavistiche” have played since the 1980s an important role in normalizing the presence of Ukrain-ian Studies in the broader scholarly context of Italian Slavic Studies. In accordance with the traditional attention that “Ricerche slavistiche” has paid to early modern and medieval Slavic languages and literatures, most Ukraine-related articles in the journal touch on issues regarding the 17th and the 18th centuries and their connections with earlier periods. A particularly important milestone for both “Ricerche slavistiche” and Italian and international Ukrainian Studies was the publication in the 1990 issue of the proceedings of the conference on the perception of the Middle Ages in Slavic cultures of the Baroque period held in Urbino in 1989. The Ukraine-related articles published in these proceedings by scholars from various countries and with different foci, as well as the overall architecture of the issue, in which Ukraine figured alongside with Russia and Poland as a fully-fledged object of research, can be said to have opened a new phase in the study of Ukraine in Italy and beyond. Giovanna Brogi’s role in promoting Ukrainian studies and their presence in “Ricerche slavistiche”, inspired by the open-mindedness of such leading Italian scholars as Sante Graciotti and Riccardo Picchio, can hardly be overestimated. In more recent years, “Ricerche slavistiche” has also hosted a number of contributions on modern Ukrainian literature and Ukrainian linguistics.

Galizische Wege zur ukrainischen Standardsprache: Omeljan Ohonovs’kyjs Граматика руского языка aus dem Jahr 1889

Author(s): Michael Moser / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

When Omeljan Ohonovs’kyj’s Grammar of the Ruthenian Language was published in 1889 it was the most comprehensive grammar of the “Ruthenian”, i.e., Ukrainian language. Ohonovs’kyj, as the second professor of the “Ruthenian” language and “Ruthenian” literature, was undoubtedly one of the leading experts on the Ukrainian language of his times. The most significant shortcomings of his grammar, which was used at schools and to ultimately serve as a standardizing tool, were soon criticized by Roman Smal’-Stoc’kyj and Theodor Gartner, who were about to set new standards in 1893, in their highly influential Ruthenian Grammar.

ЗА НАЧИНА НА САМООПРЕДЕЛЯНЕ НА „НАШЕНЦИТЕ“ В ОБЛАСТТА СРЕДСКА ЖУПА, Р. КОСОВО

Author(s): Iliyana Garavalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 19/2021

The article is interpreting the problem about the way of self-distinction of the Bulgarian minority in the area Sredska Jupa, located on the territory of Kosovo Republic. It is well preserved due to the mountain terrain and the natural isolation of the region and its origin leads back to the years of pros-perity of the First and the Second Bulgarian kingdom. The interest, which the language of the people from the region inflicts, is due to not only the compilation of archaic signs with modern tendencies in the development of the Bulgarian language, but with the possibility that through its research to be outlined the western border of the Bulgarian linguistic area too. The research is based fully on new linguistic material, collected on place during seven years while conducting courses of Bulgarian language, History and Literature for the candidate students from the area.

Вариативность компьютерных терминов как специфика формирования компьютерной терминосистемы

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2017

The article considers the variability of computer terms in Russian and Bulgarian. The variability of terminodits is considered in a broad sense. The corpus of the study was the ordinary user`s terms from the sphere information technology (hereinafter IT). Within the framework of this terminology, all types of variability are recorded: formal, lexico-semantic and functional-stylistic. In the framework of the study, the main reason for variability was identified, namely: the borrowed nature of the terminology system in Russian and Bulgarian, the intensification of intercultural communication in the professional sphere, the desire to economize language / speech resources.

За някои политически метафори, използвани в съвременния български и руски политически дискурс

Author(s): Kristiyana Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

Thе study pays attention to some of the most frequently used metaphors in the modern Bulgarian and Russian political discource. Several interesting examples of single word terms and phrase terms, that received their denomination from general language words by metaphor, are examined in the article.

Клеветата – езиково и културно явление (въз основа на материали от български, руски и немски език)

Author(s): Antoaneta Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Thе article presents the calumny on the one hand, as a one universal cultural phenomenon, and on the other - as a linguistic phenomenon with Bulgarian, Russian and German vocabulary in the semantic field ‘calumny’ in comparative plan, as well with examples from the Bulgarian, Russian and German phraseology paremiology, literature and media discourse.

Хиперфункции на възрожденския текст. Към въпроса за началата на новобългарския книжовен език

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2024

This article is dedicated to the specificity of messages in texts from the Bulgarian National Revival period. The aim is to trace the complex relationship between content and speech in Revival texts. The paper presents current reflections related to the beginnings of the modern Bulgarian literary language, supporting a scientific hypothesis that has gained popularity in recent years. This hypothesis posits that the periodization of the modern Bulgarian literary language cannot be understood through the simple relationship of „from - to“ but must be entirely aligned with the dynamics of linguistic processes in their complex competition. At this stage, the idea of unfolding the reality of Revival texts through the lens of the relationship between the center and the periphery is proposed, with the emphasis being that, in view of the linguistic picture of the world, the boundaries between the two are not as clearly defined and tend to blur.

Linguistic Technologies in Branding: Artistic Variations at the Biennale Arte in Venice 2024

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

The research aims to establish the role of language in the branding of national, transnational and regional identities in the works of art selected for the Venice Biennale 2024. The analysis shows that the notion of language as a unifying concept of national identity is greatly shaken. The use of text in works of art shows the clash and destruction of traditional values and identities. In most national pavilions and individual participants, the theme is the return to or push away from traditional identities. The texts in the works of art are monolingual, discussing the problems of colonialization, women's and transgender identity, and multilingual, thematizing the increasing feeling of alienation in a globalized world based on gender, religious, etc. differences. The use of intentional language variants or speech imitations suggests the person's inability to talk about the suffering and violence, as well as to connect with others.

Виртуалният дискурс – проекция на реалната комуникация

Author(s): Diyana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Virtual discourse is a new stage of modern communication. This publication examines the specifics of communication in the context of the changing communication space. The specifics of virtual communication stand out against the background of the real one, different aspects of virtual discourse are highlighted. Some positives and negatives are revealed, as well as the correlation between virtual and real communication.

Рецензия на монография: Николова Д. Г. „Лингвокультурный аспект современной компьютерной термино-логии (на материале русского и болгарского языков)“

Author(s): Stefana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

La memoire polonaise en onomastique roumaine

Author(s): Oliviu Felecan / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2024

The presence of names from an ethnic minority or foreign personalities within a country’s public sphere is indicative of respect and appreciation for that population, as well as for the culture, literature, and scientific contributions made by its members. Employing a socio-onomastic perspective, this study explores the occurrences of Polish names in the Romanian public domain, focusing on cultural, scientific, religious, and military figures, among others. Regardless of their birthplace, field of activity, or specific connection to the Romanian people, Polish figures have enriched the broader cultural landscape and are commemorated throughout Romania. This occurs both in regions with significant ethnic minority populations and in areas with isolated instances. Street names, school names, hospitals, public institutions, companies, and non-governmental organizations invoke Polish anthroponyms and urbanonyms.

KAKO TVITUJU CRNOGORSKI POLITIČARI KRITIČKA ANALIZA DISKURSA TVITOVA TOKOM PRVIH STO DANA 44. VLADE CRNE GORE

Author(s): Sonja Špadijer,Sabina Osmanović,Nemanja Stankov,Jasmina Nikčević / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

This research analyzes the political discourse of tweets made by Montenegrin politicians on the platform www.X.com (formerly Twitter). Given that one of the most prominent political topics during the first 100 days of the 44th Government of Montenegro was EU integration, this study seeks to interpret the views and beliefs of politicians on the subject through a critical discourse analysis of their tweets. The corpus consists of tweets published by Montenegrin political leaders during this period, from October 31, 2023, to January 31, 2024. Since tweets are a more concise form of political communication compared to interviews or speeches, this research explores whether the discourse of tweets differs from other political genres and how these differences manifest. Alternatively, it considers whether tweets still contain the essential elements that characterize traditional political discourse. Preliminary results from both quantitative and qualitative analyses at the microtextual level indicate a significant tendency toward linguistic economy in tweets, reflected in lexical and syntactic features such as the frequent use of verbal nouns and catchphrases. Regarding discourse modality, notable differences are observed in the degree of commitment expressed by the speaker or writer. At the macrotextual level, rhetorical figures and argumentative macrostrategies, commonly found in other forms of political discourse, are also present in tweets. Pragmatic elements, such as speech acts, implicatures, and presuppositions, are similarly evident.