"C’est la faute à Voltaire". Encyclopédie et interprétation de conférence

Author(s): Laura Rasanu Maxim / Language(s): French / Issue: 5/2016

This paper is about learning to interpret, more precisely about cultural references, from the perspective of trainee or beginners interpreters. We pointed out that an interpreter never translates using only language knowledge (he must be able to understand the implicit). The main section of this study provides examples of interpretation errors pertaining to the extra-linguistic, encyclopedic knowledge, by reference field (medicine, geography, history, literature, film, politics, current events, society, food, chemistry). We have shown that the interpreter has to enrich the extra-linguistic background, in order to understand the source text more easily and accurately.

"La Langue de Bois" et "Le Politiquement Correct" dans le Discours Public Roumain

Author(s): Sorina Serbanescu / Language(s): French / Issue: 16/2017

Le discours public roumain d’après la Révolution de '89 a gardé des anciennes habitudes langagières communistes dont "la langue de bois". D’autre côté, il a emprunté, comme une conséquence de la synchronisation trop rapide à la modernité, des clichés langagiers qui continuent les tendances agressives et autoritaires héritées du totalitarisme communiste. Notre analyse imbrique la sémantique du discours, la sémiotique, la pragmatique linguistique et la psycholinguistique, se concentrant sur des corpus tirés des discours publics des dernières dix années.

"ZAJEDNIČKIM" JEZIKOM DO TREĆE JUGOSLAVIJE

Author(s): Blaženko Strižic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 89-90/2017

Jugoslavenska nacionalistica dr. Snježana Kordić sa svojim istomišljenicima te političkim i financijskim sponzorima i pokroviteljima nastavlja provoditi pseudoznanstveni lingvistički projekt „Jedan materinji jezik i jedna mater za sve“ u tzv. „regionu“ objavom sarajevske „Deklaracije o zajedničkom jeziku“. Toliko simplifikacije i vulgarizacije te do grotesknih razmjera glorifikacije jezične genetike te semantičke podudarnosti/različitosti leksika jezikâ kao glavnih, bitnih i presudnih pokazatelja i odrednica njihove međusobne identitetske podudarnosti/različitosti; nije čak ni u vremenu Novosadskog dogovora/diktata i lingvistike Aleksandra Belića/Rankovića zabilježeno na „zajedničkim“ nam područjima odnosno i Prvoj i Drugoj Jugoslaviji! Dr. S. Kordić i njezini istomišljenici te politički i financijski sponzori i javni promotori kao da nisu čuli ni čitali da je identitet jezika složen i višeznačan fenomen; te da ga tvore i književnost, kultura i znanost nastali na tom i u tom jeziku.

"Želimo biti enakopravni in enakovredni državljani". Gregorčev predlog jezikovnega zakona za zaščito nacionalnih manjšin iz leta 1899

Author(s): Janez Cvirn / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2009

Since the beginning of his career as a Member of Parliament, Lavoslav Gregorec from Styria argued for the idea of "national autonomy" in the National Assembly many times, which was to be achieved by adopting an act implementing Article XIX of the Basic Act of 21 December 1867. He argued for the idea of national autonomy in more detail in his speech in the National Assembly on 3 May 1887 and then also on 17 April 1890. He restated his arguments in the time of the extensive "language discussion" in March and April 1898, encouraged by Thun's government. His ideas became more substantial when he prepared a draft "Language Act for the Protection of National Minorities", which he submitted to the National Assembly on 16 December 1899. His proposal was one of the most interesting attempts at solving the linguistic and national issues in the time of mounting national conflicts in Austria.

"Żydy" i "psy" w stadionowym języku nienawiści

Author(s): Kazimierz Sikora / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 27/2019

The paper discusses selected problems of the language of football fanatics who constitute the so- -called szalikowcy subculture (‘hooligans; lit. scarfers’). The author pays most attention to two (pejorative) personal expressions: żyd ‘Jew’ and pies ‘dog’ which, in the hate-saturated conflict between the fans of two clubs from Cracow, Cracovia and Wisła, are used as heavy insults and invectives serving to humiliate and depreciate the opponent. The paper analyses the sphere of negative semantic connotations of both words, their origin and fluctuations.

"Быдлим в Чехии", или, Специфика чешских заимствований на примере онлайн-коммуникации русскоязычных иммигрантов в Чешской Республике

Author(s): Anna, Vladimirovna Golubeva,Anastasija, Anatol´jevna Timofejeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

The article speaks about borrowings from the Czech language through the prism of Internet communication (social networks, forums, blogs), presented by Russian-speaking expatriate community, which is one of the largest expatriate communities in the Czech Republic. This report contains the overview of processes that occur in the immigrant's use of borrowings, as well as the analysis of borrowings on lexical, morphological, and syntactical levels. Word-play is discussed here as well. Authors give characteristics of expatriate's language from 3 various points of view: in light of the language of Russian expatriate community on the whole, from the perspective of Russian expatriate community in the Czech Republic, and in terms of similarity to the processes which occur in the language of the metropoly.

(Non)translating Catch-Phrases. A Topical Approach to Julian Barnes’ 'Metroland'

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Author(s): Liana Muthu / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2010

A partir de la prémisse que le langage de chaque individu est unique étant donné qu’il n’y a pas deux individus qui aient la même expérience du langage – celui-ci étant influencé en principal par l’espace géographique et le milieu social – notre approche se focalise sur le « franglais » utilisé par Julian Barnes dans son roman Metroland, publié en 1980. Ses parents étaient professeurs de français et l’écrivain britannique a été fortement influencé par la culture de ce pays. Ecrit en anglais, le roman est parsemé soit d’expressions d’auteurs français emblématiques (par exemple Voltaire, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Mallarmé), soit de mots et expressi ons spécifiques pour le vocabulaire de la cuisine française (croque). Notre étude analyse la manière dont ces mots et expressions représentatifs – transposés par Julian Barnes dans un espace et une époque historique autres – reçoivent des sens connotatifs dans le roman Metroland. La conclusion motive la décision de l’auteur de ne pas traduire certains mots et expressions en anglais – bien que cela soit possible – et de préférer plutôt leur utilisation en français, leur langue-source.

(U)śmiech na języku: o walorach zastosowania żartu lingwistycznego w publicznej komunikacji interpersonalnej

Author(s): Jolanta Krzyzewska,Seweryn Krzyzewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Despite the fact, that polish society doesn’t seem to be so much jolly, we can find often in polish public space many examples of (sense of) humor. There any many rules of official interpersonal communication, which enables saving mutual wellbeing of both “actors” – sender and receiver of message. Many good features of linguistic joke make it an attractive tool for advertisements (also for political marketing) and create between them a specific (and socially desirable interaction – media school etc.

(Не)познатият език: Гергьовден при бесарабските българи

Author(s): Svetlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Folk-calendar terminology is an expression of the national specificity of cultures. This makes its studying promising within the framework of the tendencies for ‘European-style thinking’ which have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. The article examines St. George’s Day customs and rituals in their ethnolinguistic aspect. G’erg’ewd’en (Vch, Cub, Chsh), G’ergyovd’en (A, G, Kam, Dl, Z), G’ergyochd’en (A) , G’ergyouud’en(Kr), Gyorguvd’en (Kul), Gyorguud’en (R), Gerg’ofden (Cyr), G’argyovd’an (DN), Gergiuden (Or) – the largest and richest – in a ritual sense – spring religious vestive-ritual complex of the Bessarabian Bulgarians, which is celebrated on the 6th of May (on the 23rd of April old style) and is dedicated to the Christian saint George, who is – in the folk tradition – the protector of shepherds and flocks. The paper attempts to systematize and explore the peculiarities of the cultural dialect associated with St. George’s Day ritual sequence.

A da ipak popijemo čaj ? Reakcije na anglicizme u bosanskom, hrvatskom i srpskom jeziku od druge polovine 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Mia Slavik / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 5/2016

The way in which we understand and analyze language has been so changed that believing that one nation speaks one language is slowly becoming a myth. Changes in language perception and defining culture are stronger thanks to globalization process, and those changes are reflected in the best way in observing influence of English, one of the strongest lingua franca today, on the other languages. In former Yugoslavia are as that influence started after the Second World War. In that way the oryof languages in contact became reality in this area as well and stayed dominant in sociolinguistic analyses of the English language influence on Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, mostly through the works by Rudolf Filipović. The most obvious indicator of what is going on when those languages come into contact are the anglicisms which can be shortly defined as words originating from English language and culture. Reaction of academics and wider public to anglicisms have been both positive and negative.The final aim, in this case, is to show those reactions and tackle the topic of language purism and facts that some academics decided that it was not important if “kahva”, “kava” or “kafa” were drunk as long as it was not “coffee”.

A discourse approach to conceptual metaphors: a corpus-based analysis of sports discourse in croatian

Author(s): Daniela Katunar,Ida Raffaelli / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

This paper deals with the analysis of sports discourse in Croatian through the theoretical framework offered by conceptual metaphor theory. Within this framework, certain metaphorical expressions found in sports discourse are analyzed as expressions of two conceptual metaphors: sport is war and sport is force. The analysis of these metaphorical expressions combines the methodology of cognitive linguistics with corpus linguistics, resulting in the proposal of a new method for discourse analysis in general. In our research, we introduce the notion of the specialized digitized corpus as a basis for further quantitative and qualitative research. On the basis of the specialized digitized corpus created for the purposes of this research, it is shown how the formation of sports discourse is dependent on three categories of metaphorical expressions relative to the degree of their conventionalization within sports discourse: (a) conventionalized, (b) semi-conventionalized, and (c) innovative metaphorical expressions. Each of these categories is analyzed according to their frequency and various aspects of meaning that it entails. Through the introduction of the semi-conventionalized metaphorical expression category, we aim to examine the gradable line between language creativity and conventionality as it is formed within the discourse of sports.

A hermeneutical reading of Penrose and Nelson and Winter - tracing origins of a misunderstanding?

Author(s): Oliver Krone / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2010

This paper aims to understand based on a hermeneutical reading of Penrose (1959) and Nelson and Winter (1982) what knowledge is and where it is stored in the respective authors. Furthermore, the author wants to learn whether the subsumption of Knowledge Integration to Knowledge Management, as it can be often in the literature, has any foundation when coming from these authors. Reason for this overall analysis is the widely held view in the discipline of Knowledge Management that these authors are forefathers for it. Based on an interpretative, qualitative approach the author examines the way in which knowledge is held and created within organisations in the main work of this pair of author. The author comes to the conclusion that the discipline of Knowledge Management has seemingly overemphasized certain elements in the work of Penrose and Nelson and Winter, while neglecting the key aspect that for both author(s)the act of Knowledge Integration is much rather described in these works.

A keresztnévdivat változása Szlovákiában

Author(s): Ján Bauko / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

Following­ the­ 1989­ change­ of­ regime,­ there­ were­ more­ factors­ that­ influenced­ the forename­ giving­ in­ Slovakia.­ After­ opening­ the­ state­ borders­ the­ rise­ of­ migration, both­ emigration­ and­ immigration­ has­ resulted­ in­ a­ dynamic­ change­ of­ given­ name stock­ that­ has­ mainly­ broadened­ by­ foreign­ language­ name­ elements.­ While before­ the­ change­ of­ regime,­ the­ loadedness­ of­ a­ name­ was­ bigger,­ strivings towards­ having­ more­ unique­ and­ rare­ names­ registered­ have­ been­ more­ powerful nowadays.­ Due­ to­ interethnic­ relationships­ the­ name­ stock­ is­ being­ enriched­ by given­ names­ of­ various­ foreign­ origins.­ There­ are­ also­ generational­ differences­ in name­ bearing:­ the­ younger­ generation­ uses­ many­ of­ those­ given­ names­ that­ are absent­ from­ the­ older­ generation’s­ name­ stock.­ The­ number­ of­ the­ registered given­ name­ variants­ is­ increasing;­ the­ foreign­ spelled­ names­ are­ also­ frequent. Movie­ and­ TV series­ characters­ often­ serve­ as­ inspiration­ for­ naming.­ More­ and more­ nicknames­ become­ registerable­ given­ names.­ Giving­ two­ forenames­ has become­ a­ new­ fashion­ in­ Slovakia­ in­ recent­ years.­ The­ members­ of­ minorities have­ a­ wider­ choice­ of­ names­ since­ they­ might­ choose­ from­ the­ minority­ as­ well as­ majority­ name­ stock.­ Among­ the­ members­ of­ the­ minorities,­ the­ name registration­ in­ mother­ tongue­ is­ increasing. Minority­ name­ planning­ is­ one­ of­ the­ fields­ of­ applied­ onomastics,­ the­ tasks­ of which­ include­ propagation­ of­ the­ mother­ tongue­ name­ usage.­ The­ minority­ name planning­ deals­ primarily­ with­ the­ official­ use­ of­ personal,­ geographical­ and institution­ names.­ Publishing­ a­ Hungarian–Slovak­ forename­ dictionary­ (under preparation­ by­ me)­ may­be­ one­ of­ the­ methods­ for­ the­ minority­ (mother­ tongue) name­ planning­ in­ Slovakia,­ which­ could­ serve­ as­ a­ guideline­ for­ mother­ tongue name­ planning,­ for­ registering­ the­ personal­ names­ of­ Hungarians­ living­ in Slovakia­ in­ their­ mother­ tongue.­ The­ study­ deals­ with­ the­ laws­ of­ the­ Slovak Republic­ concerning­ personal­ names,­ the­ name­ registers­ and­ name­ catalogues­ in Slovakia­ and­ Hungary­ used­ at­ registering,­ the­ importance­ of­ name­ planning­ as well­ as­ the­ features­ of­ the­ planned­ forename­ dictionary­ and­ the­ structures­ of­ its entries.

A magyar–szlovák kétnyelvűség témaköre az anyanyelvoktatásban.

Author(s): Ilona Szerdi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2019

Difficulties about the problem of bilingualism and first language teaching have been present in Hungarian primary and secondary schools in Slovakia for decades now. In my study, I propose exercises in which I use language samples taken from social me-dia websites as sources for tasks for elementary and high school students for learning and having discussions about Hungarian language use, i.e. language interactions, in-terference, bilingualism and Slovakisms. The reason for taking language samples from social media websites is that Internet use as well as presence and communication on social media websites are integral parts of students’ everyday lives. Therefore these texts can have great motivational power in the classroom.

A miks sa torusse ei räägi? Miks-küsilausetega tehtavad suhtlustegevused argitelefonivestlustes

Author(s): Kirsi Laanesoo / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 13/2017

This paper analyses interrogatives formed with the why pronoun in Estonian everyday telephone conversations. Why-interrogatives are regularly defined as questions asking for reasons for or accounts of actions. This paper, however, demonstrates that only a small fraction of why-interrogatives are actually used for questioning. The data come from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian of the University of Tartu. Altogether 41 why-interrogatives were analysed using the approach of interactional linguistics. The primary social actions conducted by why-interrogatives are the following: question, reproach, command, suggestion, complaint and challenge.The study reveals that why-interrogatives are multifunctional, used to carry out several social actions concurrently. The question form makes it possible for the recipients to interpret why-interrogatives as questions (by giving a neutral answer) or as some socially dispreferred actions, such as reproaches, challenges etc (by justifying themselves). Why-interrogatives demonstrate the speaker’s negative stance towards a preceding action.

A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Author(s): Andrii Danylenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 41/2017

The article critically assesses the theory of communicative networks and its applicability in the study of multilingualism as found in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). The author analyzes foundations for postulating the existence of a speech community in the GDL and adduces counterarguments against viewing this community as a linguistic alliance of the Balkan type. The article offers new sociolinguistic and areal-typological methods of the study of language contacts. The author substantiates a systematic approach toward the problem of the ethnic attribution of Ruthenian. Based on the literary, linguistic, and cultural parameters, the author offers to drop the term ‘Old (Middle) Belarusian’ or ‘Old (Middle) Ukrainian’ in reference to this language.

A New General Atlas of Hungarian Dialects is Forthcoming

Author(s): Jeno Kiss / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

The author presents the New General Atlas of Hungarian Dialects which is in progress. We get a short review about the necessity of a new general dialect atlas in Hungary. The main reason is the radical decrease of dialect words which was effected by the end of the traditional agricultural way of life. The other reason is that the data of the first general Hungarian Dialect Atlas was collected between 1949 and 1964. The author presents the aspects of the research and the content of the questionnaires; the character und the number of the lexical, morphological, syntactical, and sociolinguistic questions; and the sociolinguistic aspects of the informant selection. The collection was started in 2007 and will be finished in 2011.

A plurilingual approach to ELT in primary school: towards an ecological perspective

Author(s): Alicia Chabert / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2019

This paper aims to demonstrate that using a plurilingual and ecological approach to English language teaching can achieve better results in primary school independently of the mother tongue of the student. This article is based on the initial results of our international research carried out in three very different countries (Norway, China and Spain). While the author´s research project involves 328 participants, we will present the results of the first phase of the experiment, including 133 students. In this paper, we propose a plurilingual communicative approach to English teaching as a foreign language, making a distinction between languages for communication and languages for identification. This research examines the current teaching policies in the participating countries, and analyses cross-cultural and cross-linguistic perspectives in English language teaching while promoting the positive use of the mother tongue as a connecting tool in the students’ communication system. The subjects of this study were divided in control and experimental groups, in which they received traditional and plurilingual approach respectively. After the classes they completed a test and were then supplied with a Likert scale questionnaire focused on understanding their attitude and motivation towards mother tongue and English language learning. Based on observation and results obtained, we can conclude that a plurilingual approach that uses L1 as a tool in English teaching improves English learning, as well as develops an ecological understanding of languages.

A popkultúra-kutatás praxeológiája

Egy hibrid teória vázlata

Author(s): Péter H. Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2018

This study is devoted to the possibilities of the pop culture research after the media theories of the 20th century. It proposes a praxeology working with a dynamic concept of pop culture, and puts emphasis on increasing complexity. The line of reasoning also notes the role of alternative canons, the distinction between pop culture and mass culture, and the consequences of posthermeneutical practices. Theoretical combinatorics does not give preference to any preliminary theory, it considers each as a research practice. It can also be conceived as an experiment opening the way for metacritical case studies.

A report on the symposium “Juri Lotman and sociosemiotics” (Elva, Estonia, 19–20 May 2017)

Author(s): Remo Gramigna / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Th e fi rst symposium devoted to Juri Lotman’s legacy in the discipline of sociosemiotics was recently held in Elva, a small town situated on the banks of Lake Verevi in Tartu County, Estonia. Th e seminar, entitled “Juri Lotman and sociosemiotics” and organized by the Department of Semiotics of the University of Tartu, saw the participation of distinguished foreign guests as well as a substantial attendance of both local and international fellow semioticians, many of them doctoral students. An informal and friendly environment, coupled with exceptionally warm and sunny weather, created a convivial atmosphere where young and veteran semioticians could meet to discuss the relationship of Juri Lotman, founder of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics, with sociosemiotics.