"A ZBORIŠ NAŠINSKI?" – O UPOTREBI GORANSKOG GOVORA U BEOGRADU

Author(s): Jadranka Đorđević-Crnobrnja / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2014

The research the results of which are partially presented in this paper is based on the notion that the Gorani idiom is one of the segments of Gorani culture. In other words, I perceive it as an identity question which is only one part of the larger ethnic issue. In that regard, I do not attribute more significance to the Gorani idiom than to other symbols/markers of this community, but in this paper it is in the focus of observation. By analysing language (idiom) and its communicational function it is possible to observe, trace, and explain different processes regarding ascription and description of the ethnic identity of individuals and community. Following this idea, I am trying to analyse and explain communicational function of the Gorani idiom in the context of rights of its usage and possibilities of realization of these rights in one multi-ethnic environment in which Serbian is the official and major language. The analysis of the communicational function of the Gorani idiom seemed very inspiring for research to me due to the fact that the Gorani are educated in Serbian schools in Serbian – which is the mother tongue within the educational curriculum, and besides this they use Serbian as a main language in the public sphere. In the environment (Belgrade) where the research was conducted Serbian is used in parallel with several dialects; members of different confessions and ethnic communities, cultures and subcultures live there – which overall implies various questions regarding the usage of the Gorani idiom and its symbolic role in the process of creation of Gorani`s ethnic identity. The analysis of the usage of ‘Nashinski’ among Gorani who live in Belgrade has led me to the conclusion that they use the Gorani idiom and Serbian in everyday communication, therewith Gorani idiom is present only within private sphere of communication (among family and relatives). Apart from this it is evident the appearance of mimicry of Gorani idiom and the attempt of increasing language competences in Serbian which might affect the decrease and an intensity of the usage of Gorani idiom within the private sphere of communication. Therefore, there is concern that the decreased scope and intensity of the usage of the Gorani idiom might negatively affect its reproduction and its existence. The state and its public policy do not undertake any attempts in order to provide organised and systematic conduction of care for Gorani idiom and Gorani ethnic community.

"C’est la faute à Voltaire". Encyclopédie et interprétation de conférence

Author(s): Laura Răşanu Maxim / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2016

This paper is about learning to interpret, more precisely about cultural references, from the perspective of trainee or beginners interpreters. We pointed out that an interpreter never translates using only language knowledge (he must be able to understand the implicit). The main section of this study provides examples of interpretation errors pertaining to the extra-linguistic, encyclopedic knowledge, by reference field (medicine, geography, history, literature, film, politics, current events, society, food, chemistry). We have shown that the interpreter has to enrich the extra-linguistic background, in order to understand the source text more easily and accurately.

"Dellek” Kelimesinin Azerbaycan Türkçesindeki Anlam Boyutları ve Anadolu’daki Karşılığı Üzerine

Author(s): Mahmut Sarıkaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 64/2019

The word "dellek" can mean barber, circumcisionist, and dentist, and can even refer to male servants who would wash and massage male customers in Turkish bath houses. Delleks would draw blood, cut for jaundice, and cut palates, as well as treat grapes and warts. The word comes to us from an earlier form, "tellak", carrying the same set of meanings. One might infer that delleks treated and beautified the human body, and were masters in their own right. Their female counterparts were referred to as "natır." Like delleks, natırs engaged in a wide range of activities, including scrubbing, massaging, make-up, eyebrow trimming, waxing, manicuring, pedicuring, tattooing, piercing, preparing nose and earrings, and assembling bridal head gear for weddings. Both terms not only are commonplace throughout many aspects of society, but they also refer to a collection of occupations whose lexical roots are self-explanatory. This study will look at their usage in the context of the Azerbaijani language, with a particular focus on their various meanings.

"La Langue de Bois" et "Le Politiquement Correct" dans le Discours Public Roumain

Author(s): Sorina Şerbănescu / Language(s): French Issue: 16/2017

Le discours public roumain d’après la Révolution de '89 a gardé des anciennes habitudes langagières communistes dont "la langue de bois". D’autre côté, il a emprunté, comme une conséquence de la synchronisation trop rapide à la modernité, des clichés langagiers qui continuent les tendances agressives et autoritaires héritées du totalitarisme communiste. Notre analyse imbrique la sémantique du discours, la sémiotique, la pragmatique linguistique et la psycholinguistique, se concentrant sur des corpus tirés des discours publics des dernières dix années.

"Language-Culture" Dychotomy in Formation of the Mental Sphere of Ethnic Consciousness and Specificity of National World Perception

Author(s): Vasyl Dmitrievich Shynkaruk,Svitlana Vasilivna Kharchenko,Inna Yakivna Zavalnyuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the proposed article is to clarify the essence of "language-culture" dichotomy, outlining the specificity of the interconnection and the interaction of its components in the projection to the mentality of the reception of national constants. Methodology of the study. The methodology of the research is based on the ideas of anthropocentricity (V. von Humboldt, O. Potebnya, E. Sepir, B. Whorf, M. Heidegger, etc.) and the main provisions of linguocultural studies, which confirm the necessity of studying language and culture as a space of interiorization and exteriorization of mental representations of linguistic and cultural knowledge (L. Wittgenstein, S. Yermolenko, V. Labov, V. Uzhchenko, H. Yavorska, etc.). The cultural-semiotic method, the method of synchronous sections and the systematic approach have formed the basis of the research strategy. The scientific novelty. "Culturelanguage" dichotomy plays a leading role in shaping the mental sphere of the ethnic consciousness and defines and shapes the specifics of the national worldview. It has been confirmed that the most active verbal symbolization as a factor of national-cultural selfidentification manifests itself in the spheres of semasiology and onomasiology. But the peculiarities of implementation at the syntactic level in the superficial structure of the semantic components of the deep structures of the sentence are the inherent features of the syntax of the national language, which constructs the human mentality and, in part, its cultural self-consciousness. It has been observed that the processes of cultural uplift, national revival, development of the Ukrainian literary language are interdependent and mutually conditioned. Conclusions. Thus, the "culture - language" dichotomy appears as two similarly organized sign systems that function equally, are fundamentally related. An important factor in the formation of ethnic culture is the language that captures, preserves and translates the ways of categorizing and conceptualizing the world and the internal reflexive experience of the people. The linguistic consciousness of the people appears as a form of its cultural expression, of civilization, in the conditions of world globalization, and the phenomenon of language is the identification code of the ethnic consciousness, of the mentality and specificity of the national world perception.

"ZAJEDNIČKIM" JEZIKOM DO TREĆE JUGOSLAVIJE

Author(s): Blaženko Strižić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 89-90/2017

Jugoslavenska nacionalistica dr. Snježana Kordić sa svojim istomišljenicima te političkim i financijskim sponzorima i pokroviteljima nastavlja provoditi pseudoznanstveni lingvistički projekt „Jedan materinji jezik i jedna mater za sve“ u tzv. „regionu“ objavom sarajevske „Deklaracije o zajedničkom jeziku“. Toliko simplifikacije i vulgarizacije te do grotesknih razmjera glorifikacije jezične genetike te semantičke podudarnosti/različitosti leksika jezikâ kao glavnih, bitnih i presudnih pokazatelja i odrednica njihove međusobne identitetske podudarnosti/različitosti; nije čak ni u vremenu Novosadskog dogovora/diktata i lingvistike Aleksandra Belića/Rankovića zabilježeno na „zajedničkim“ nam područjima odnosno i Prvoj i Drugoj Jugoslaviji! Dr. S. Kordić i njezini istomišljenici te politički i financijski sponzori i javni promotori kao da nisu čuli ni čitali da je identitet jezika složen i višeznačan fenomen; te da ga tvore i književnost, kultura i znanost nastali na tom i u tom jeziku.

"Želimo biti enakopravni in enakovredni državljani". Gregorčev predlog jezikovnega zakona za zaščito nacionalnih manjšin iz leta 1899

Author(s): Janez Cvirn / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2009

Since the beginning of his career as a Member of Parliament, Lavoslav Gregorec from Styria argued for the idea of "national autonomy" in the National Assembly many times, which was to be achieved by adopting an act implementing Article XIX of the Basic Act of 21 December 1867. He argued for the idea of national autonomy in more detail in his speech in the National Assembly on 3 May 1887 and then also on 17 April 1890. He restated his arguments in the time of the extensive "language discussion" in March and April 1898, encouraged by Thun's government. His ideas became more substantial when he prepared a draft "Language Act for the Protection of National Minorities", which he submitted to the National Assembly on 16 December 1899. His proposal was one of the most interesting attempts at solving the linguistic and national issues in the time of mounting national conflicts in Austria.

"Żydy" i "psy" w stadionowym języku nienawiści

Author(s): Kazimierz Sikora / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

The paper discusses selected problems of the language of football fanatics who constitute the so- -called szalikowcy subculture (‘hooligans; lit. scarfers’). The author pays most attention to two (pejorative) personal expressions: żyd ‘Jew’ and pies ‘dog’ which, in the hate-saturated conflict between the fans of two clubs from Cracow, Cracovia and Wisła, are used as heavy insults and invectives serving to humiliate and depreciate the opponent. The paper analyses the sphere of negative semantic connotations of both words, their origin and fluctuations.

"Быдлим в Чехии", или, Специфика чешских заимствований на примере онлайн-коммуникации русскоязычных иммигрантов в Чешской Республике

Author(s): Anna, Vladimirovna Golubeva,Anastasija, Anatol´jevna Timofejeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article speaks about borrowings from the Czech language through the prism of Internet communication (social networks, forums, blogs), presented by Russian-speaking expatriate community, which is one of the largest expatriate communities in the Czech Republic. This report contains the overview of processes that occur in the immigrant's use of borrowings, as well as the analysis of borrowings on lexical, morphological, and syntactical levels. Word-play is discussed here as well. Authors give characteristics of expatriate's language from 3 various points of view: in light of the language of Russian expatriate community on the whole, from the perspective of Russian expatriate community in the Czech Republic, and in terms of similarity to the processes which occur in the language of the metropoly.

"Общеславянский лингвистический атлас" и культурологическая география

Author(s): Tatiana Vendina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 74/2019

The paper deals with the Slavic Linguistic Atlas whose materials help in broadening the research frames and moving towards a cultural and linguistic dialectology in order to reconstruct the Slavic „living antiquities”. The Atlas materials prove that speakers of Slavic dialects preserve vast resources of the old Slavic spiritual culture which remains hardly recognized in the humanities.

#ForgiveUsForWeHaveSinned:

Conceptual integration theory and political Internet humour

Author(s): Nihada Delibegović Džanić,Sanja Berberović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the paper is to uncover the extent to which different forms of political Internet humour can criticise current political affairs in a developing democracy such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specifically, applying a cognitive linguistic theory of meaning construction, namely conceptual integration theory, the paper analyses the construction of meaning of humorous Internet forms, such as memes, demotivational posters, hashtag posts, and memetic photographs, representing innovative ways of providing political commentaries on current political affairs. The meaning of political humour is constructed in conceptual blending as a basic cognitive mechanism. As it is claimed (Coulson & Pascual 2006, Coulson & Oakley 2006, Coulson 2006, Oakley & Coulson 2008) that blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it, the analysis of the construction of meaning of political humour as products of conceptual integration can reveal hidden ideologies in political discourse.

(De)Constructing Leadership through Ritualised Discourse

Author(s): Gabriela Scripnic / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

This study deals with the notion of leadership, envisaged broadly as the quality of a head of state to lead his people towards a common goal while conveying the image of a role-model by both his actions and statements. During his presidential term, a head of state is confronted with many institutionalised contexts where he is expected to issue an official speech. From the numerous official speeches that a president is likely to deliver, I have chosen to dwell on one of the most ritualised discursive sequences, namely the presidential greetings on New Year’s Eve, in order to highlight how the presidential ethos is built through discursive and extra-discursive elements. In this context, I have taken into account the greetings of the Romanian ex-President, Traian Băsescu, from the period 2004-2013 (he was elected twice) with a view to analysing both the purely discursive devices (speech acts, appellatives, semantic content emphasized) and the extra-linguistic elements (place where the discourse is delivered, communication channel). The analysis aims at answering the following questions: Can we consider the presidential greetings and the choices made within and outside the discourse itself as indirect evidence of the diminution of the public support that the president had benefited from? Do the greetings emphasize the president’s effort to adapt to his audience while maintaining the tradition of a well-established ritual?

(In)szekuritizáció és felebaráti szeretet

Author(s): János Imre Heltai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2022

This paper analyses the results of a linguistic ethnographic research that started in the autumn of 2019. The research aims to contribute to the emancipation of the Romani language (and Romani speakers) and to the development of possibilities for peaceful social coexistence. To achieve this goal, it examines the social relations in a small town of about 12 000 inhabitants in north-eastern Hungary. The paper uses the concept of (in)securitisation. This allows us to examine the situations and aspects in which the speakers feel safe or—on the contrary—insecure, and to determine the categories and social phenomena along which they group the persons (actors) who threaten them (or are perceived as threatening). It can help to reveal the volatile and multifaceted interdependencies that pervade different levels of social organisation. However, as the paper points out, the effects of individual motivations and psychological factors that also shape social relations may remain hidden.

(Non)fuzziness of Identity in the Spanish-Portuguese Borderland: The Case of the Linguistic Community of A Fala de Xálima (Spain)

Author(s): Bartosz Dondelewski / Language(s): English Issue: 45/2021

This article analyses the social dynamics observable in a conversation with a minoritized language activist about the neighbouring speech communities. The study demonstrates that the local variety, along with its socially meaningful context, can be an important factor for the interactionally constructed local identity. The interviewee is a member of the community of practice of A Fala de Xálima, a Galician-Portuguese Romance minoritized language with about 5,000 speakers; they live in the Spanish province of Cáceres (on the border with Portugal). The analysis applies the ontological and epistemological principles of sociocultural linguistics in order to identify some indexical interactional orientations, such as stance and ideology.

(Non)translating Catch-Phrases. A Topical Approach to Julian Barnes’ 'Metroland'

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Author(s): Liana Muthu / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2010

A partir de la prémisse que le langage de chaque individu est unique étant donné qu’il n’y a pas deux individus qui aient la même expérience du langage – celui-ci étant influencé en principal par l’espace géographique et le milieu social – notre approche se focalise sur le « franglais » utilisé par Julian Barnes dans son roman Metroland, publié en 1980. Ses parents étaient professeurs de français et l’écrivain britannique a été fortement influencé par la culture de ce pays. Ecrit en anglais, le roman est parsemé soit d’expressions d’auteurs français emblématiques (par exemple Voltaire, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Mallarmé), soit de mots et expressi ons spécifiques pour le vocabulaire de la cuisine française (croque). Notre étude analyse la manière dont ces mots et expressions représentatifs – transposés par Julian Barnes dans un espace et une époque historique autres – reçoivent des sens connotatifs dans le roman Metroland. La conclusion motive la décision de l’auteur de ne pas traduire certains mots et expressions en anglais – bien que cela soit possible – et de préférer plutôt leur utilisation en français, leur langue-source.

(U)śmiech na języku: o walorach zastosowania żartu lingwistycznego w publicznej komunikacji interpersonalnej

Author(s): Jolanta Krzyżewska,Seweryn Krzyżewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2014

Despite the fact, that polish society doesn’t seem to be so much jolly, we can find often in polish public space many examples of (sense of) humor. There any many rules of official interpersonal communication, which enables saving mutual wellbeing of both “actors” – sender and receiver of message. Many good features of linguistic joke make it an attractive tool for advertisements (also for political marketing) and create between them a specific (and socially desirable interaction – media school etc.

(Не)познатият език: Гергьовден при бесарабските българи

Author(s): Svetlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Folk-calendar terminology is an expression of the national specificity of cultures. This makes its studying promising within the framework of the tendencies for ‘European-style thinking’ which have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. The article examines St. George’s Day customs and rituals in their ethnolinguistic aspect. G’erg’ewd’en (Vch, Cub, Chsh), G’ergyovd’en (A, G, Kam, Dl, Z), G’ergyochd’en (A) , G’ergyouud’en(Kr), Gyorguvd’en (Kul), Gyorguud’en (R), Gerg’ofden (Cyr), G’argyovd’an (DN), Gergiuden (Or) – the largest and richest – in a ritual sense – spring religious vestive-ritual complex of the Bessarabian Bulgarians, which is celebrated on the 6th of May (on the 23rd of April old style) and is dedicated to the Christian saint George, who is – in the folk tradition – the protector of shepherds and flocks. The paper attempts to systematize and explore the peculiarities of the cultural dialect associated with St. George’s Day ritual sequence.

(РЕ)КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЈА ПОЈМА АУТЕНТИЧНОСТИ У САВРЕМЕНОЈ НАСТАВИ СТРАНИХ ЈЕЗИКА

Author(s): Maja Andrijević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 77/2022

This paper presents different approaches to the concept of authenti- city in the context of applied linguistics and foreign language teaching. For decades, this term has been associated only with language material used in the classroom (reductionist definition), but recent studies highlight its conceptual diversification and conclude that it is determined by other, mostly contextual factors, as well as participants in interaction. Therefore, in modern approaches to foreign language teaching, the emphasis is on a dynamic and integrated approach to the concept of authenticity (Newby, 2000), where genuine input and genuine participatory tasks promoted by teachers generate students’ genuine output who thus authenticate them in the process of interaction that is situationally determined. Consequently, as a result, the notion of authenticity is reconceptualized: it is no longer an absolute category but can be considered as a pragmatic phenomenon (Shomoossi & Ketabi 2007) and a construct generated in the socio-contextual continuum (Pinner 2014, 2016), so it is viewed holistically and applies to various aspects and actors in the process of foreign language learning.

11 klasių mokinių gimtosios lietuvių kalbos žodyno dydis

Author(s): Rugilė Miškinytė,Loreta Vilkienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this research was to measure the vocabulary size of native speakers of Lithuanian language attending the 11th grade in small cities and to compare the results with the research conducted in Vilnius schools. This paper aimed to find out whether the place of residence and the gender factor have a statistically significant influence on the size of the vocabulary and discover if any sociolinguistic factors can impact it. The research material consisted of 242 responses given to a sociolinguistic survey and vocabulary size test. T-test and regression analysis were applied in the research.The results of the study indicated that the average vocabulary of an 11th grade student consists of approximately 51,400 lemmas. Vilnius school students have an average vocabulary size of about 52,800 lemmas; the vocabulary size of small towns students is lower – 50,000 lemmas. The T-test statistical analysis has revealed that the difference in the mean size of the vocabulary across genders is statistically significant (p = 0,011). It was found out that the vocabulary size of students living in Vilnius is statistically significantly bigger than that of students in the smaller cities (p = 0,002). The regression analysis indicated that gender can affect the vocabulary size. The analysis showed statistical significance (p = 0,004) that watching movies in the Lithuanian language can impact the vocabulary size of students living in small towns.

11 klasių mokinių skaitymo gimtąja lietuvių kalba gebėjimai

Author(s): Ieva Ancevičiūtė,Loreta Vilkienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2021

The objective of the research was to find out whether the specific reading abilities (to understand the essence of a text, to understand important details, to interpret, to find arguments, to draw conclusions) of Lithuanian eleventh-grade students are equally well developed and whether different abilities manifest equally irrespective of the type of the text. The paper also sought to provide insights as to which sociolinguistic factors have a significant impact on the reading skills of the students. The research material consists of answers of 120 students to the sociolinguistic questionnaire as well as performance results of the reading skills test, which have been analysed using the methods of descriptive statistics and conclusion statistics. The regression analysis has also been carried out. Analysis of the results revealed that the students have best developed the ability to understand important details and find arguments, and most of all they lack ability to properly interpret the thoughts of the text and draw conclusions. In terms of all abilities, a descriptive text was the easiest for the students, and a narrative text was seen by the students as the most complex. Statistically the results of the students from small towns did not differ significantly from the results of Vilnius students (p = 0,247). Statistically, the overall reading test results of the male students are significantly lower than those of the female students (p < 0,01). Sometimes (p < 0,01), often and always (p < 0,01) reading fiction books for pleasure has a statistically significant effect in general on the reading skills of the students.