"A ZBORIŠ NAŠINSKI?" – O UPOTREBI GORANSKOG GOVORA U BEOGRADU

Author(s): Jadranka Đorđević Crnobrnja / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2014

The research the results of which are partially presented in this paper is based on the notion that the Gorani idiom is one of the segments of Gorani culture. In other words, I perceive it as an identity question which is only one part of the larger ethnic issue. In that regard, I do not attribute more significance to the Gorani idiom than to other symbols/markers of this community, but in this paper it is in the focus of observation. By analysing language (idiom) and its communicational function it is possible to observe, trace, and explain different processes regarding ascription and description of the ethnic identity of individuals and community. Following this idea, I am trying to analyse and explain communicational function of the Gorani idiom in the context of rights of its usage and possibilities of realization of these rights in one multi-ethnic environment in which Serbian is the official and major language. The analysis of the communicational function of the Gorani idiom seemed very inspiring for research to me due to the fact that the Gorani are educated in Serbian schools in Serbian – which is the mother tongue within the educational curriculum, and besides this they use Serbian as a main language in the public sphere. In the environment (Belgrade) where the research was conducted Serbian is used in parallel with several dialects; members of different confessions and ethnic communities, cultures and subcultures live there – which overall implies various questions regarding the usage of the Gorani idiom and its symbolic role in the process of creation of Gorani`s ethnic identity. The analysis of the usage of ‘Nashinski’ among Gorani who live in Belgrade has led me to the conclusion that they use the Gorani idiom and Serbian in everyday communication, therewith Gorani idiom is present only within private sphere of communication (among family and relatives). Apart from this it is evident the appearance of mimicry of Gorani idiom and the attempt of increasing language competences in Serbian which might affect the decrease and an intensity of the usage of Gorani idiom within the private sphere of communication. Therefore, there is concern that the decreased scope and intensity of the usage of the Gorani idiom might negatively affect its reproduction and its existence. The state and its public policy do not undertake any attempts in order to provide organised and systematic conduction of care for Gorani idiom and Gorani ethnic community.

"C’est la faute à Voltaire". Encyclopédie et interprétation de conférence

Author(s): Laura Răşanu Maxim / Language(s): French / Issue: 5/2016

This paper is about learning to interpret, more precisely about cultural references, from the perspective of trainee or beginners interpreters. We pointed out that an interpreter never translates using only language knowledge (he must be able to understand the implicit). The main section of this study provides examples of interpretation errors pertaining to the extra-linguistic, encyclopedic knowledge, by reference field (medicine, geography, history, literature, film, politics, current events, society, food, chemistry). We have shown that the interpreter has to enrich the extra-linguistic background, in order to understand the source text more easily and accurately.

"Dellek” Kelimesinin Azerbaycan Türkçesindeki Anlam Boyutları ve Anadolu’daki Karşılığı Üzerine

Author(s): Mahmut Sarıkaya / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 64/2019

The word "dellek" can mean barber, circumcisionist, and dentist, and can even refer to male servants who would wash and massage male customers in Turkish bath houses. Delleks would draw blood, cut for jaundice, and cut palates, as well as treat grapes and warts. The word comes to us from an earlier form, "tellak", carrying the same set of meanings. One might infer that delleks treated and beautified the human body, and were masters in their own right. Their female counterparts were referred to as "natır." Like delleks, natırs engaged in a wide range of activities, including scrubbing, massaging, make-up, eyebrow trimming, waxing, manicuring, pedicuring, tattooing, piercing, preparing nose and earrings, and assembling bridal head gear for weddings. Both terms not only are commonplace throughout many aspects of society, but they also refer to a collection of occupations whose lexical roots are self-explanatory. This study will look at their usage in the context of the Azerbaijani language, with a particular focus on their various meanings.

"La Langue de Bois" et "Le Politiquement Correct" dans le Discours Public Roumain

Author(s): Sorina Şerbănescu / Language(s): French / Issue: 16/2017

Le discours public roumain d’après la Révolution de '89 a gardé des anciennes habitudes langagières communistes dont "la langue de bois". D’autre côté, il a emprunté, comme une conséquence de la synchronisation trop rapide à la modernité, des clichés langagiers qui continuent les tendances agressives et autoritaires héritées du totalitarisme communiste. Notre analyse imbrique la sémantique du discours, la sémiotique, la pragmatique linguistique et la psycholinguistique, se concentrant sur des corpus tirés des discours publics des dernières dix années.

"Language-Culture" Dychotomy in Formation of the Mental Sphere of Ethnic Consciousness and Specificity of National World Perception

Author(s): Vasyl Dmitrievich Shynkaruk,Svitlana Vasilivna Kharchenko,Inna Yakivna Zavalnyuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the proposed article is to clarify the essence of "language-culture" dichotomy, outlining the specificity of the interconnection and the interaction of its components in the projection to the mentality of the reception of national constants. Methodology of the study. The methodology of the research is based on the ideas of anthropocentricity (V. von Humboldt, O. Potebnya, E. Sepir, B. Whorf, M. Heidegger, etc.) and the main provisions of linguocultural studies, which confirm the necessity of studying language and culture as a space of interiorization and exteriorization of mental representations of linguistic and cultural knowledge (L. Wittgenstein, S. Yermolenko, V. Labov, V. Uzhchenko, H. Yavorska, etc.). The cultural-semiotic method, the method of synchronous sections and the systematic approach have formed the basis of the research strategy. The scientific novelty. "Culturelanguage" dichotomy plays a leading role in shaping the mental sphere of the ethnic consciousness and defines and shapes the specifics of the national worldview. It has been confirmed that the most active verbal symbolization as a factor of national-cultural selfidentification manifests itself in the spheres of semasiology and onomasiology. But the peculiarities of implementation at the syntactic level in the superficial structure of the semantic components of the deep structures of the sentence are the inherent features of the syntax of the national language, which constructs the human mentality and, in part, its cultural self-consciousness. It has been observed that the processes of cultural uplift, national revival, development of the Ukrainian literary language are interdependent and mutually conditioned. Conclusions. Thus, the "culture - language" dichotomy appears as two similarly organized sign systems that function equally, are fundamentally related. An important factor in the formation of ethnic culture is the language that captures, preserves and translates the ways of categorizing and conceptualizing the world and the internal reflexive experience of the people. The linguistic consciousness of the people appears as a form of its cultural expression, of civilization, in the conditions of world globalization, and the phenomenon of language is the identification code of the ethnic consciousness, of the mentality and specificity of the national world perception.

"ZAJEDNIČKIM" JEZIKOM DO TREĆE JUGOSLAVIJE

Author(s): Blaženko Strižić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 89-90/2017

Jugoslavenska nacionalistica dr. Snježana Kordić sa svojim istomišljenicima te političkim i financijskim sponzorima i pokroviteljima nastavlja provoditi pseudoznanstveni lingvistički projekt „Jedan materinji jezik i jedna mater za sve“ u tzv. „regionu“ objavom sarajevske „Deklaracije o zajedničkom jeziku“. Toliko simplifikacije i vulgarizacije te do grotesknih razmjera glorifikacije jezične genetike te semantičke podudarnosti/različitosti leksika jezikâ kao glavnih, bitnih i presudnih pokazatelja i odrednica njihove međusobne identitetske podudarnosti/različitosti; nije čak ni u vremenu Novosadskog dogovora/diktata i lingvistike Aleksandra Belića/Rankovića zabilježeno na „zajedničkim“ nam područjima odnosno i Prvoj i Drugoj Jugoslaviji! Dr. S. Kordić i njezini istomišljenici te politički i financijski sponzori i javni promotori kao da nisu čuli ni čitali da je identitet jezika složen i višeznačan fenomen; te da ga tvore i književnost, kultura i znanost nastali na tom i u tom jeziku.

"Želimo biti enakopravni in enakovredni državljani". Gregorčev predlog jezikovnega zakona za zaščito nacionalnih manjšin iz leta 1899

Author(s): Janez Cvirn / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2009

Since the beginning of his career as a Member of Parliament, Lavoslav Gregorec from Styria argued for the idea of "national autonomy" in the National Assembly many times, which was to be achieved by adopting an act implementing Article XIX of the Basic Act of 21 December 1867. He argued for the idea of national autonomy in more detail in his speech in the National Assembly on 3 May 1887 and then also on 17 April 1890. He restated his arguments in the time of the extensive "language discussion" in March and April 1898, encouraged by Thun's government. His ideas became more substantial when he prepared a draft "Language Act for the Protection of National Minorities", which he submitted to the National Assembly on 16 December 1899. His proposal was one of the most interesting attempts at solving the linguistic and national issues in the time of mounting national conflicts in Austria.

"Żydy" i "psy" w stadionowym języku nienawiści

Author(s): Kazimierz Sikora / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 27/2019

The paper discusses selected problems of the language of football fanatics who constitute the so- -called szalikowcy subculture (‘hooligans; lit. scarfers’). The author pays most attention to two (pejorative) personal expressions: żyd ‘Jew’ and pies ‘dog’ which, in the hate-saturated conflict between the fans of two clubs from Cracow, Cracovia and Wisła, are used as heavy insults and invectives serving to humiliate and depreciate the opponent. The paper analyses the sphere of negative semantic connotations of both words, their origin and fluctuations.

"Быдлим в Чехии", или, Специфика чешских заимствований на примере онлайн-коммуникации русскоязычных иммигрантов в Чешской Республике

Author(s): Anna, Vladimirovna Golubeva,Anastasija, Anatol´jevna Timofejeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

The article speaks about borrowings from the Czech language through the prism of Internet communication (social networks, forums, blogs), presented by Russian-speaking expatriate community, which is one of the largest expatriate communities in the Czech Republic. This report contains the overview of processes that occur in the immigrant's use of borrowings, as well as the analysis of borrowings on lexical, morphological, and syntactical levels. Word-play is discussed here as well. Authors give characteristics of expatriate's language from 3 various points of view: in light of the language of Russian expatriate community on the whole, from the perspective of Russian expatriate community in the Czech Republic, and in terms of similarity to the processes which occur in the language of the metropoly.

(De)Constructing Leadership through Ritualised Discourse

Author(s): Gabriela Scripnic / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2019

This study deals with the notion of leadership, envisaged broadly as the quality of a head of state to lead his people towards a common goal while conveying the image of a role-model by both his actions and statements. During his presidential term, a head of state is confronted with many institutionalised contexts where he is expected to issue an official speech. From the numerous official speeches that a president is likely to deliver, I have chosen to dwell on one of the most ritualised discursive sequences, namely the presidential greetings on New Year’s Eve, in order to highlight how the presidential ethos is built through discursive and extra-discursive elements. In this context, I have taken into account the greetings of the Romanian ex-President, Traian Băsescu, from the period 2004-2013 (he was elected twice) with a view to analysing both the purely discursive devices (speech acts, appellatives, semantic content emphasized) and the extra-linguistic elements (place where the discourse is delivered, communication channel). The analysis aims at answering the following questions: Can we consider the presidential greetings and the choices made within and outside the discourse itself as indirect evidence of the diminution of the public support that the president had benefited from? Do the greetings emphasize the president’s effort to adapt to his audience while maintaining the tradition of a well-established ritual?

(Non)translating Catch-Phrases. A Topical Approach to Julian Barnes’ 'Metroland'

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Author(s): Liana Muthu / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2010

A partir de la prémisse que le langage de chaque individu est unique étant donné qu’il n’y a pas deux individus qui aient la même expérience du langage – celui-ci étant influencé en principal par l’espace géographique et le milieu social – notre approche se focalise sur le « franglais » utilisé par Julian Barnes dans son roman Metroland, publié en 1980. Ses parents étaient professeurs de français et l’écrivain britannique a été fortement influencé par la culture de ce pays. Ecrit en anglais, le roman est parsemé soit d’expressions d’auteurs français emblématiques (par exemple Voltaire, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Mallarmé), soit de mots et expressi ons spécifiques pour le vocabulaire de la cuisine française (croque). Notre étude analyse la manière dont ces mots et expressions représentatifs – transposés par Julian Barnes dans un espace et une époque historique autres – reçoivent des sens connotatifs dans le roman Metroland. La conclusion motive la décision de l’auteur de ne pas traduire certains mots et expressions en anglais – bien que cela soit possible – et de préférer plutôt leur utilisation en français, leur langue-source.

(U)śmiech na języku: o walorach zastosowania żartu lingwistycznego w publicznej komunikacji interpersonalnej

Author(s): Jolanta Krzyżewska,Seweryn Krzyżewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Despite the fact, that polish society doesn’t seem to be so much jolly, we can find often in polish public space many examples of (sense of) humor. There any many rules of official interpersonal communication, which enables saving mutual wellbeing of both “actors” – sender and receiver of message. Many good features of linguistic joke make it an attractive tool for advertisements (also for political marketing) and create between them a specific (and socially desirable interaction – media school etc.

(Не)познатият език: Гергьовден при бесарабските българи

Author(s): Svetlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Folk-calendar terminology is an expression of the national specificity of cultures. This makes its studying promising within the framework of the tendencies for ‘European-style thinking’ which have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. The article examines St. George’s Day customs and rituals in their ethnolinguistic aspect. G’erg’ewd’en (Vch, Cub, Chsh), G’ergyovd’en (A, G, Kam, Dl, Z), G’ergyochd’en (A) , G’ergyouud’en(Kr), Gyorguvd’en (Kul), Gyorguud’en (R), Gerg’ofden (Cyr), G’argyovd’an (DN), Gergiuden (Or) – the largest and richest – in a ritual sense – spring religious vestive-ritual complex of the Bessarabian Bulgarians, which is celebrated on the 6th of May (on the 23rd of April old style) and is dedicated to the Christian saint George, who is – in the folk tradition – the protector of shepherds and flocks. The paper attempts to systematize and explore the peculiarities of the cultural dialect associated with St. George’s Day ritual sequence.

1999-2019 Yılları Arası Ağız Çalışmalarında Kullanılan Transkripsiyon İşaretleri Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir İnceleme: Ünlüler

Author(s): Hüseyin Gökçe / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 66/2020

The problem of transcription signs used in dialect studies has been discussed in our country for many years. In 1999, Turkish Language Institute created a transcription system to solve this problem. Many studies on dialects have been prepared since then, but this system has not been fully followed. In this study we prepared, the transcription signs (vowels) in 56 dialects study between 1999-2019 were compared with the transcription marks in the system created by the Turkish Language Institute. In the introduction part, in these studies, why the system in question is not complied with, the studies for the solution of this problem and some studies that draw attention to this problem are mentioned. Then, the transcription signs for vowels in the system created by the Turkish Language Institution and the vowels' signs in the current studies were compared by means of some graphics and charts. In addition, this section also includes other vowel signs that are not included in the system in question, but are used in current studies. Information about the number of signs detected in the conclusion section, whether these signs are in the "Turkish Language Institution Transcription System" is given. In addition, some conclusions have been made in this section about which signs researchers have/ haven't difficulty in determining, why some signs are used more / less.

A COMMUNICATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE

CASE STUDY: EMOJIS

Author(s): Anca Violeta BISCHOFF,Adina Palea / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2019

The paper tackles the evolution of the symbolic language, more precisely, it focuses on a novel form of digital communication known as emojis. It has been commonly accepted that in the post 2.0 web era few concepts have been so richly delineated, have become so visible and have spread so rapidly in both mainstream and niche culture. The aim of this study is to highlight intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics which led to the mass popularization and use of emojis, as well as communicational implications pertaining to this phenomenon. From the standpoint of communication studies, the emergence of the concept has brought about valuable and interesting changes in both global etymology and semantics, thus identifying an inherent necessity to examine it. The present paper also aims to identify how teenagers from Western Romania, ages 14 to 18, use this new way of communicating and the reasons behind opting for emojis. Furthermore, the research conducted in Arad seeks to establish the specific aspects which shape the way teenagers use emojis when interacting among themselves and outside the dynamic of their preferred group.

A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis of modality in social transformation campaigns in Nigeria

Author(s): Mohammed Ayodeji Ademilokun / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

This article examines modal resources in the mediatised discourse of social transformation in Nigeria with a view to showing how they are strategically used to code interpersonal meanings for enhanced and impactful delivery of messages of social transformation in the nation. Data for the study comprises texts on aspects of social transformation campaigns in Nigeria in the context of democracy, anti-corruption crusade, insecurity and domestic violence compiled as small corpora. The data comprises texts produced by government and non-governmental actors consisting of speeches, radio commentaries, jingles, printed texts, interviews, tweets and online newspaper comments and covers the period from March 2013 to March 2018. The five-year span was informed by the wide gamut of negative realities in the nation during the time frame which led to increased mediatisation of social transformation messages. Corpus-assisted critical discourse approach was employed for data analysis, using Fairclough’s (1989, revised 2015) dialectical relational approach, the corpus linguistic tool of Antconc, chi-square test on R-Studio and normalised relative frequencies. Data analysis revealed that the different participants in the discourse characteristically used different modal resources to reflect their power on the one hand and resistance on the other and to capture the intensity of their views and feelings on the actions required for Nigeria to experience genuine social transformation. The study concludes that even though the discourse is largely ideational, modal resources are deployed for emphasising the urgency and seriousness of the issues in the ideational contents of the discourse.

A da ipak popijemo čaj ? Reakcije na anglicizme u bosanskom, hrvatskom i srpskom jeziku od druge polovine 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Mia Slavik / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 5/2016

The way in which we understand and analyze language has been so changed that believing that one nation speaks one language is slowly becoming a myth. Changes in language perception and defining culture are stronger thanks to globalization process, and those changes are reflected in the best way in observing influence of English, one of the strongest lingua franca today, on the other languages. In former Yugoslavia are as that influence started after the Second World War. In that way the oryof languages in contact became reality in this area as well and stayed dominant in sociolinguistic analyses of the English language influence on Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, mostly through the works by Rudolf Filipović. The most obvious indicator of what is going on when those languages come into contact are the anglicisms which can be shortly defined as words originating from English language and culture. Reaction of academics and wider public to anglicisms have been both positive and negative.The final aim, in this case, is to show those reactions and tackle the topic of language purism and facts that some academics decided that it was not important if “kahva”, “kava” or “kafa” were drunk as long as it was not “coffee”.

A discourse approach to conceptual metaphors: a corpus-based analysis of sports discourse in croatian

Author(s): Daniela Katunar,Ida Raffaelli / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

This paper deals with the analysis of sports discourse in Croatian through the theoretical framework offered by conceptual metaphor theory. Within this framework, certain metaphorical expressions found in sports discourse are analyzed as expressions of two conceptual metaphors: sport is war and sport is force. The analysis of these metaphorical expressions combines the methodology of cognitive linguistics with corpus linguistics, resulting in the proposal of a new method for discourse analysis in general. In our research, we introduce the notion of the specialized digitized corpus as a basis for further quantitative and qualitative research. On the basis of the specialized digitized corpus created for the purposes of this research, it is shown how the formation of sports discourse is dependent on three categories of metaphorical expressions relative to the degree of their conventionalization within sports discourse: (a) conventionalized, (b) semi-conventionalized, and (c) innovative metaphorical expressions. Each of these categories is analyzed according to their frequency and various aspects of meaning that it entails. Through the introduction of the semi-conventionalized metaphorical expression category, we aim to examine the gradable line between language creativity and conventionality as it is formed within the discourse of sports.

A Fala: sociolingvistická situace a podmínky pro standardizaci

Author(s): Miroslav Valeš / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2016

A Fala is a language spoken in three villages on the border of Spain and Portugal. The three villages respectively attest the three varieties of the language: Valverdeñu in Valverde del Fresno, Lagarteiru in Eljas, and Mañegu in San Martín de Trevejo. This article describes the legal status of the language, its exclusion from the public education system, and the sociolinguistic situation in the three villages. The main objective is to discuss issues regarding the orthographic standardization of A Fala. The subtopics include the scope of the standard, the authority to create the standard, and two approaches to standardization: the standard as a model and the standard as general usage. Since there is no prestigious variety of A Fala which could serve as a model, the latter approach to standardization seems to be more feasible than the former. Endeavours to standardize the language should also take into account that A Fala is an independent language and not a dialect of one of the Romance languages.

A funkcióigés szerkezetek megítélése a nyelvhelyesség és a nyelvi helyénvalóság szempontjából

Author(s): István Lanstyák / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

The paper analyses the Hungarian language cultivators’ arguments against the use (even existence!) of light verb constructions, shedding light on the underlying language ideologies such as language purism, redundantism, systemism, brevism, moralism, extrudism, simplicism, percerptionism, aformalism, naturism, verbism, expressivism, homogenism, plebeianism, autonomism, Platonism. In the concluding section of the paper, the author reframes the cultivators’ arguments into a linguistic adequacy framework, thus demonstrating their potential usefulness.