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СРАВНИТЕЛЕН АНАЛИЗ НА РЕЧЕВИЯ ЕТИКЕТ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ И КИТАЙСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Tian Jianjun / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this article "Comparative analysis of speech etiquette in Bulgarian and Chinese language" is a Comparative Analysis of the specifics of speech etiquette in Bulgarian and Chinese language. Based on examples from everyday life are presented and analyzed several situations in salute, address, presentation, thanksgiving, application motive, compliments, etc., where most stand out differences or similarities in the culture of the two nations expressed through speech etiquette, whose ignorance leads to misunderstanding in communication. The article also outlined some national traditions that have the biggest impact on speech etiquette. The paper makes an appeal teaching of native speech etiquette for foreigners should be included in language learning.

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PARTICULAR LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE ALBANIAN GREETINGS IN THE ENGLISH TEXTS OF THE EARLY AND MID 20th CENTURY

Author(s): Benita Stavre,Erinda Papa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Language is in itself an entity of units that reflect the national identity, the traditional awareness and the particular features in which people choose to organize their daily life. Greetings remain an interesting and, at the same time, a never exhausted study domain. They express significant features of the age, the gender, the social status and the relation between people involved in communication. They also become illustrations of the geographic environment, of the historic developments and of the way the mentality is materialized in the relation between people in a given country, from generation to generation and definitely from one culture to another. The paper intends to analyze particular features of the above linguistic means that inspire cultural exchange of mentality between two very different nations.

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ДОСТОВЕРНОСТ, АВТОРИТЕТНОСТ, ЯСНОТА: ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПАРАМЕТРИТЕ НА ЕКСПЕРТНАТА РЕЧ В МЕДИИТЕ ВЪРХУ НАЧИНА НА ВЪЗПРИЕМАНЕ НА ИНФОРМАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Andreana Eftimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The article examines the influence of the parameters of expert speech on the trustworthiness, authority and clarity of information in the media. The following parameters of the expert speech, based on research on the specifics of the professional and media register (Halliday 1989, Videnov 2012 and others), in the media texts were observed: presence, adequacy and naming of the sources - expert and informational; presence of professional vocabulary and terminology; complicating the syntactic organization of utterances; presence of international vocabulary and foreign words and expressions; presence of evaluative and expressive vocabulary (metaphors, etc.); use of modal and conditional constructions to distinguish factual from non-factual information; correlation of indicative and retelling forms. A survey was conducted to establish the influence of linguistic facts on the assessment of expert speech in media reports. A survey was conducted on sentences from 14 informational articles selected using the keywords "coronavirus experts". The questionnaire contained 12 multiple-choice questions, grouped into three sections according to the criteria to be measured: trustworthiness (6 questions), clarity (3 questions) and authority (3 questions). The comments establish a different influence of the same language parameters on the sense of trustworthiness, authority and clarity of the content. Their reading depends on the experience, skills and attitudes of the audience to understand the media text.

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Problemi traduttivi a proposito di A Distant Shore di Caryl Phillips

Author(s): Alessandra Lipari / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2020

The author has translated into Italian for the first time a significant passage of the seventh novel by contemporary British author, Caryl Phillips, “A Distant Shore”, and has analysed translationally and metalinguistically the problems concerning the transition from the source text to the target text. In particular, we have focused on the morphosyntactic level, on the pragmatic level and, above all, on the lexical level. The translation work and the analysis of the problems connected to it have allowed, on the one hand, to enter the author's writing laboratory and, on the other, to verify the consistency of translation theories in vogue. It has been noted that, in any case, the translator must also open his/her own laboratory in which to combine metatranslation knowledge, adherence to the source text and own creativity in problem solving.

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Modele conceptuale pentru formarea deprinderilor de comprehensiune literală și contextuală integrată în procesul de lectură

Author(s): Marcel Bâlici,Nadejda Bâlici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The paper tries to identify the methods of connection between different synaesthetic centers for the reception of reality and gradual implementation of the didactical techniques in the layered models of display of the read messages. The level of complexity of interpretation is literal and contextual, but this stage is essential for the determination of the action vector according to the learning strategy. Contextualized comprehension represents the practical elaboration of the methods of approach of an understanding in a st5ratfied aspect and staged guidance, from segmental phonetic units to the appropriation of circumstantial structures of communication. Contextualization at intersegmental level/ fragments of lexeme implies intrinsic elements of the literal understanding and contextual, through the stratified method of applying didactical techniques.

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Pragmatics and Psychology

Author(s): Irina-Ana Drobot / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between Pragmatics and Psychology, focusing on Speech Acts Theory and intonation, as well as the language of gestures, which give clues about the intention of the speaker to the hearer. In today’s world, we are told that image counts, that personal image is a brand. The field of dealing with working with the public in a polite way is also expanding. Therefore, pragmatic competence matters, as we live in the culture of communication, and psychology is a field that can help in understanding context of communication in various social relations.

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Man, Machine and the Common Algorithm

Author(s): Gigi Mihăiţă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Language is a space in itself establishing a bridge between at least two other spaces, us and the other one. The paper focuses on the interaction between our outer reality and our inner reality through language and what processes are involved, on how outer objects (events, situations, etc.) become inner objects (representations, concepts, etc.). We narrowed our interest to the verbal tense forms and the most elusive quantitative dimension, time. Our approach establishes a bridge between the “machine” and us through a common algorithm of defining objects in time.

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POUR L’ANALYSE DE L’AUDIOVISUEL: CONTRAINTES LINGUISTIQUES ET SÉMIOTIQUES

Author(s): Lamiae Slaoui,Bouchra Berrada / Language(s): French Issue: XVI/2024

Our article mainly deals with the constraints relating to the specificities of audiovisual discourse. Admittedly, this one presents itself under a double aspect: the text and the image which lead to a plural interpretation of the whole making the reading more difficult. Our example of audiovisual discourse submitted for analysis is the fable « Le lion et le rat ». Among the studied linguistic elements, we can mention the lexicon and the prosody at the level of the text, and the space and the iconographic codes at the level of the image, aiming to finally arrive at the point of view adopted by the analysis, that of the complementarity of the two signs.

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Understanding as basic precondition of cross-cultural communication: psycholinguistic and socio-cultural aspects

Author(s): Ekaterina L. Kabakhidze,Dana Bartosh / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The author of the article analyzes cross-cultural communication from the viewpoint of social philosophy defining invariant features of cross-cultural communication based on dialogue (Mikhail Bakhtin) and dialect nature of human communication. Theoretical description of the nature of cross-cultural communication is illustrated by live examples of the cultural conflicts borrowed from the history of the Russian diplomacy. Since the consciousness has the communicative nature, whereas cross-cultural understanding is rooted in neuropsychological aspects of cognition, antinomy of “sign-symbol”, the article depicts the mechanisms of speech production and speech perception divided between the strata of consciousness and cognition.

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A genre-based approach in esp classes to teaching clinical communication focusing on breaking bad news to patients

Author(s): Veronika Dvořáčková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Healthcare professionals have the responsibility to regularly convey difficult information such as unfavourable diagnoses, as well as adverse treatment outcomes. While this task can be uncomfortable, successfully carrying it out plays a crucial role in determining patient outcomes (Sweeney et al. 2011: 230). This necessity has led to the creation of evidence-based protocols such as SPIKES developed by Baile et al. (2000). The goal of the paper is to explore the suitability of the genre-based approach for the study and teaching of medical English, focusing on the integration of the selected clinical communication tool into the ESP classroom. As this study stems from the ESP practitioner’s experience and its outcomes will directly influence her future ESP classroom teaching, action research has been conducted. The feasibility of using an authentic clinical tool in an ESP lesson was assessed through a two-step methodology: i) devising an ESP task based on the SPIKES protocol, emphasizing linguistic elements, and ii) obtaining student feedback focusing on the perceived usefulness of the tool. Overall, the collected data indicate that students acknowledged the significance of effective clinical communication for successful therapeutic practice. However, given the fact that medical English is inconveniently scheduled in a pre-clinical phase of their curriculum, they also exhibited a certain level of hesitancy, unsurprisingly, when it came to readiness in handling serious communication scenarios.

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Преодоляване чрез завръщане. Опит върху неслучилото се майчинство в книгата „Писма до Ния, която не родих“

Author(s): Irena Dimova-Gencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The proposed article examines the process of overcoming the experience, focusing on the topic of motherhood that has not happened. We trace the return to memory in the specific case of Dimana Yordanova's poetry book - „Letters to Nia, to whom I did not give birth”. We allow ourselves to look at the book through Yulia Krasteva and her analysis of the topics of melancholy and depression. Our interest is focused on self-closure and fear of the inner world.

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Aktivierung des mentalen Lexikons während des Sprachgebrauchs der deutschen Sprache bei Germanistikstudierenden – Alter als Einflussfaktor

Author(s): Joanna Franek-Zaborowska / Language(s): German Issue: 33/2024

The article asks the question about the influence of age on language behaviour of German studies students in the context of activation of the mental lexicon. The aim of the study conducted is to examine whether the age of the test persons has an effect on linguistic functioning with relation to German language. The changes that occur with age within mental processes are multidimensional and highly individualized. The lexical units of all languages that man has acquired, referred to as the mental lexicon, are distinguished by varying degrees of anchoring, which translates into the quality and quantity of language production.

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INTERCULTURAL HUMOR: A BRIDGE OR A GAP BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS?

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

This paper explores the complexity of intercultural humor, highlighting the challenges and opportunities it presents in an increasingly globalized world. Although humor is often considered a universal language, its ability to transcend cultural boundaries is limited by linguistic, social, and cultural differences. The study examines barriers that sometimes impede the understanding and appreciation of humor across different cultures, such as wordplay, cultural references, stereotypes, and the interpretation of various life situations. Additionally, concrete examples of intercultural humor are presented, including international adaptations of comedy series, slapstick humor, and the use of ethnic stereotypes, which demonstrate both commonalities and fundamental differences between cultures. Despite some barriers, intercultural humor can serve as a bridge between people, offering new perspectives and a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. The ability to navigate the complexities of intercultural humor is essential for effective communication and for building harmonious relationships between the world's diverse cultures.

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A GENERAL CONVERSATION ON CONLANGS

Author(s): Ștefan Ghiran / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2024

Constructed languages seem to be what J.R.R. Tolkien names “A Secret Vice” of humanity and have been with us in one form of another for a long time. At the hight of the 19th century the fascination was with finding a universal language, but today they seem to be more prominent due to the media promoting them and at the same time they go unnoticed. Many language creators applied their craft to enrich fictional worlds, their own or otherwise, and in doing so managed to transform this “vice” into an artform where the prefix “art” in “artlang” stands for artistic, no longer for artificial. This article aims to present the history of artificial languages, some of the characteristics that might make such a language successful and attempts to follow the shift from understanding and using language creation as a tool in its previous stages to the artform it is today by combining elements of general linguistics with examples from various crafted languages.

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COMPOSITIONS OF COLOURATIVES IN "EVENINGS ON A FARM NEAR DIKANKA" BY NIKOLAI GOGOL

Author(s): Elena Nikolaevna Bekasova,Lukáš Gajarský,Andrea Grominova / Language(s): English Issue: 48/2024

The research within this article is interdisciplinary, at the intersection of linguistics and literature, and focuses on the modeling of the world's colour palette in artistic texts. In this regard, a study examining colourative compositions in the works of N.V. Gogol, where the volumetric and multidimensional style as it plays a determining role in the poetic colourization, is of special interest. The significance of word colouration in N.V. Gogol's early works shapes the objective of this article, which aims to uncover the specific representation and peculiarities of the colouratives in "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka". To characterize the systemic organization of colouratives in each short story, methods such as description, generalization, and the interpretation of linguistic material are employed, taking into account statistical data as well as elements from linguogenetic and textological approaches.

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Studenții alogeni și competența de citire-înțelegere: provocări, blocaje, strategii și soluții

Author(s): Lucia Ispas / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

For more than half a century, linguists and educators from all over the world, such as L. Ehri, K. Goodman, W. Rivers, J. Zwiers, F. Serafini (to name but a few) have been intensely concerned with the research of the reading-comprehension process, in general, and with the challenges and possible solutions in the case of acquiring a second (sometimes third) language after the mother tongue (and, in this case, after English). These studies have shown that reading turns out to be a complex and interactive process, in relation to which students can experience great difficulties, which target language, memory, sensory perception and motivational aspects (K. Maria, P. Pearson and L. Fielding, G.E. Woolley).My paper, organized in three parts (one that sets the general framework of the analysis, another in which the research methodology is outlined and a third, in which the collected data are processed) aims to present the analysis of the data resulting from an experiment carried out during three years in the framework of the Preparatory Year at "Petroleum-Gas" University in Ploiesti during 2020-2023, having as its subject the difficulties of receiving a written message for the B1 level by allogeneic students (72 in number), coming from all corners of the world. I was particularly interested in identifying those elements that lead to difficulties and blockages and finding some strategies by which they can be eliminated or at least ameliorated, but also the extent to which we can correlate reading-comprehension skills with that concerning written and oral communication in Romanian.

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АПРОБИРАНЕ НА ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЗА ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ НА РОДИТЕЛСКИТЕ НАГЛАСИ ПРИ ДЕЦА С КОМУНИКАТИВНИ НАРУШЕНИЯ

Author(s): Elena Kortezova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article presents an author's instrument for studying the attitudes of parents of children with communication disorders. The data on the construct validity of the instrument are analyzed and the results of the procedures of exploratory factor analysis and measurement of the reliability of the parental attitudes scale for the entire sample are presented. As a result of the analyses conducted related to the reliability and validity of the constructed instrument, it is assumed that the instrument we created is working and provides grounds for studying parental attitudes of children with communication disorders in two directions - positive and negative attitude.

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Muljaim Kaçka: THE DYSLEXIA TEST for the Albanian language and alphabet

Author(s): Ana Poposka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Review of: THE DYSLEXIA TEST; for the Albanian language and alphabet Author: Muljaim Kaçka Publisher: LOCP; Year of publication: 2023 Edition: 1st; Pages: 54; ISBN 978-9951-645-66-9.

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GROUP NAMES IN ETHNIC SLURS

Author(s): Ileana-Silvia Ciornei / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

The slang of ethnic abuse is a rich source of information about the collective self and cultural differences of human communities. Often derogatory, it displays the past and present of social relations in a country and sometimes its terms go to everyday speech and gain a place in the wider linguistic use. Reflecting the prejudice in cultural history, the purpose of an ethnic epithet is to insult and to control the behavior of a minority or of any other group to gain social status and influence the values of society. Manifested in hate speech, neutral mentioning, humorous and unaware uses, ethnic slurs have become a main object of applied linguistics or interdisciplinary research.Ethnic slurs are based on race, nationality, gender, cultural and social differences and occur in language in a variety of forms such as derisive nicknames for groups, metaphors or ethnicons and ethnic jokes. English-speaking nations created names and nicknames for all the groups they had contact or economic and cultural conflict and even created ethnic slurs about themselves. British English slurs based on group names are aimed most frequently at European nations or African and Asian people of the former British Empire or even at their close neighbors inside the country. American English slurs reflect the multicultural structure of American society; almost every group invented and used slurs for others although they are mainly aimed at Blacks, Mexicans, Jews, the Irish, Chinese, Italians. Among these, group names are often used in a variety of forms to express cultural, social and economic conflict among ethnic groups.

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Принципни положения относно обучението по български език като втори – когнитивни, психолингвистични и невролингвистични ракурси

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Принципни положения относно обучението по български език като втори – когнитивни, психолингвистични и невролингвистични ракурси

Author(s): Zhivka Koleva-Zlateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2025

The article argues that teaching Bulgarian as a second language, after another language has already been learned, should be framed within the context of second language instruction. This approach necessitates leveraging contemporary scientific advancements in language acquisition, particularly those from psycholinguistics, cognitive science, and neurolinguistics. These advancements provide insights into the specifics of linguistic knowledge, its representation in the mind, and how it can be acquired in relation to the brain’s neurocognitive systems.

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