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Discussion papers on non-financial reporting, controlling and role of internal auditing in non-financial reporting. The internal audit aproach to non-financial activities and processes in the organization.
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The 6th Warsaw School of Statistical Physics took place in Sandomierz from June 25 to July 2, 2016. The primary goal of each of our invited speakers was to give a series of lectures which – in a pedagogical way – introduced selected topics in modern statistical physics with the idea of arriving at open problems. The idea was to inspire the audience to make research related to presented topics.The lectures were given by distinguished physicists: Bernard Derrida: Collège de France & École Normale Supérieure, Siegfried Dietrich: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems & University of Stuttgart, L. Mahadevan: Harvard University, Kim Sneppen: University of Copenhagen, Herbert Spohn: Technische University München, Daniel Ueltschi: University of Warwick. The present volume contains the lecture notes which the invited speakers kindly agreed to publish.
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The text is a compendium of modern research techniques that enable the identification, separation and sequencing of proteins. They serve in the analysis of protein structure and also in the study of the relationship between protein structure and their biological function, including within metabolic processes. The richly illustrated publication is supplemented with additional materials.
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The book is devoted to the problem of foreseeing the insolvency of business entities operating in a system of market economy. It describes the life cycle and problems of enterprises, discusses the impact of evironment and models inteded to foresee bancrupcy, along with detailed descripion thereof.
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An extended interview with Professor Henryk Woźniakowski, a specialist in computational mathematics, co-author and author of many fundamental information-based complexity (IBC) theorems and researcher in tractability of multivariate problems. Professor Woźniakowski answers the questions concerning mathematics and life with particular emphasis on the period of “Solidarity” and the political changes of the 80s and early 90s of the last century, in which he took an active part.
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Kernel density estimation is one of the basic procedures used in economic analyzes, because density function univocally defines a random variable. The book presents the methods of kernel estimation of the density function, with particular emphasis on the procedures for selecting the smoothing parameter. Using simulation methods, the properties of smoothing parameters determined by the discussed methods were analyzed, taking into account both the sample size and the form of the kernel function used in the kernel density function estimator. A new method of choosing a smoothing parameter based on the harmonic mean has also been proposed, which due to the generalized form of the mean is characterized by the universality in the use of this method. The examples of the application of the presented methods for selecting the smoothing parameter in the kernel estimation of the density function for random variables in economic researches are also presented.
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Quantitative Methods in Economics, Finance and Management is a series of publications containing program content of mathematics and statistics for students of economic faculties and also useful for people conducting out scientific and research works. This cycle begins with Mathematics, which presents the most important concepts in the field of mathematical analysis and algebra, which can be used in economic research. Besides theoretical considerations, the book contains examples of a mathematical character, aimed at familiarizing the problems described and indicating methods of solving them. Moreover, examples presenting the economic application of the considered concepts are given. In each chapter, apart from the first one, there are exercises for self-solution and test questions to which answers are provided. // „Metody Ilościowe w Ekonomii, Finansach i Zarządzaniu” to cykl publikacji zawierający treści programowe z matematyki oraz statystyki obowiązujące studentów kierunków ekonomicznych, przydatne również osobom prowadzącym prace naukowe i badawcze. Cykl ten rozpoczyna Matematyka, w której przedstawione są najważniejsze pojęcia z zakresu analizy matematycznej i algebry, które mogą być wykorzystywane w badaniach ekonomicznych. Oprócz rozważań teoretycznych książka zawiera przykłady o charakterze matematycznym, mające na celu przybliżenie opisywanych problemów i wskazanie metod ich rozwiązania, a także przykłady prezentujące zastosowanie ekonomiczne rozważanych pojęć. W rozdziałach znajdują się też zadania do samodzielnego rozwiązania i pytania testowe, do których podane są odpowiedzi.
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The publication presents various applications of models in economics. Several texts explore the evolution of model approach in selected areas of economics, e.g. trade integration, theory of a multinational corporation, and interactions between monetary and fiscal policy. Other texts present the results of research studies on decision making in central banks, fertility, the impact of taxes and social transfers on household income, exchange rate, and environmental inequality. The book is dedicated to Professor Wojciech Maciejewski on his 80th bithday.
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”L’impact de la politique de cohésion sur la convergence réelle en Roumanie” visait à produire une analyse de l'impact de l'intégration européenne sur la convergence réelle dans les États membres d'Europe orientale pendant la période de programmation 2007 -2013. À l'aide d'une combinaison de méthodes, techniques et logiciels dédiés, la recherche a inclus une série d'analyses des fonds structurels alloués aux régions de 3 pays d'Europe orientale (Pologne, Roumanie et Bulgarie), un inventaire des bonnes pratiques (le cas du Portugal considéré comme une réussite dans ce registre d’investigation), ainsi que des modèles statistiques pour les tests de convergence, qui visaient à mesurer l’effet des allocations sur la croissance économique régionale. Dans la dernière partie du document, nous avons analysé la perception sociale de l’intégration européenne et des politiques régionales dans le but de définir des mesures appropriées pour améliorer la gestion des programmes opérationnels régionaux. Les principaux éléments d’originalité du document sont les suivants: réaliser une analyse interdisciplinaire sur le thème de l’impact des fonds européens, période de référence 2007-2013, en utilisant une combinaison de méthodes statistiques et économétriques de test d’hypothèses, présentation des bonnes pratiques en matière de mise en oeuvre de projets régionaux qui peut être reproduit en Europe orientale, une analyse comparative (à la fois des séries chronologiques et qualitative à travers une analyse documentaire) entre les trois pays d’Europe de l’Est déjà mentionnés. À cela s’ajoute la possibilité d’enquêter sur l’impact des fonds en corrélant les indicateurs de programme avec les indicateurs d’Eurostat, ainsi que de tester la rapidité avec laquelle les États analysés peuvent atteindre la convergence. L’analyse de la perception des citoyens roumains sur la question de la politique de cohésion, grâce à l’application et à l’interprétation de plus de 400 questionnaires, dans les régions de Bucarest-Ilfov et du Nord-Est (qui présentent les plus grandes divergences), mais aussi la réalisation de 10 entretiens avec les bénéficiaires directs des projets régionaux et la création de mesures pertinentes en vue d'accroître la qualité de la performance institutionnelle des autorités de gestion afin de rendre la mise en oeuvre du Programme Opérationnel Régional plus efficace. Les principales conclusions de la recherche montrent qu'au niveau de l'Union européenne, les modèles appliqués aux données nationales montrent que le processus de2convergence entre les États membres de l'UE27 est en cours et que les divergences interrégionales se sont accentuées. Après les tests de convergence, cela se fera entre (le scénario pessimiste par rapport au scénario optimiste): 25 et 11 ans pour la Roumanie, entre 24 et 10 ans pour la Pologne et entre 37 et 19 ans pour la Bulgarie. Suite à l'interprétation des données de l'analyse de perception, la Roumanie a été un réel bénéficiaire de l'intégration européenne, avec un accès à des fonds non remboursables (y compris via le Programme Opérationnel Régional) offrant de nombreux avantages économiques, sociaux, culturels, touristiques, de développement des infrastructures etc. Bien que la question du manque de développement interrégional (mais également intrarégional) n'ait pas été résolue, elle ne l'a été que partiellement par le biais du programme opérationnel régional 2007-2013, ont été accomplis des progrès dans la réalisation de l'objectif de réduction des disparités de développement entre la Roumanie et les États membres de l'UE. Dans le même temps, il est important de noter que, même si les fonds structurels n’ont apporté aucune modification majeure, en l’absence de dotations européennes, les interventions auraient dû être effectuées exclusivement à partir de fonds publics nationaux. Une hypothèse potentielle pour les recherches futures pourrait être que les fonds structurels sont insuffisants pour générer un impact majeur sur la réduction des disparités régionales, la recherche permettant d'évaluer les progrès des régions bénéficiant d'une allocation plus importante pour soutenir les grands programmes de développement socio-économique.
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The volume has 22 chapters organized in four thematic parts: the first part includes elements related to the world economy system in the context of international economic relations, international organizations and global governance. The second part looks at the international environment and how this influences the international activity of a company. The third part focuses on the organization that operates at international level and how specific activities are conducted (negotiations, contracting, management, marketing, foreign trade operations, risk management and others). The last part, the fourth looks at recent challenges in the internationalization, such as innovation, technology, intangible economy and lobby.
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The volume has 22 chapters organized in four thematic parts: the first part includes elements related to the world economy system in the context of international economic relations, international organizations and global governance. The second part looks at the international environment and how this influences the international activity of a company. The third part focuses on the organization that operates at international level and how specific activities are conducted (negotiations, contracting, management, marketing, foreign trade operations, risk management and others). The last part, the fourth looks at recent challenges in the internationalization, such as innovation, technology, intangible economy and lobby.
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In the past twenty-five years Romania's agricultural sector has faced many changes and challenges. Although this sector has received considerable support, the policies designed and implemented starting from the last agrarian reform did not generate the expected effects. The magnitude of the changes after the '90s led to the creation of raw conditions for the development of agriculture. The specific way of transition and the agricultural policies implemented have greatly contributed to the polarization of the agrarian structures and to agricultural land fragmentation. Even under the influence of the common agricultural policy, the agricultural restructuring process went very slow. Fragmentation creates inefficiencies especially by limiting the capacity to adapt to new technologies and to the changes in costs and also contributes to maintaining a relatively constant and high volume of labor force in agriculture. While Western European countries have a long tradition and significant experience in land consolidation, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are still at the beginning of the road with this process. Romania is part of the countries without an ongoing consolidation program, although fragmentation is a major obstacle in the process of agricultural development. However, over time there have been several initiatives in this regard. Overall, the implementation of the land consolidation program is a way of modeling the existing potential and contributes to increasing the farms efficiency by improving production and land use choices. It also allows access to new technologies, creates the prerequisites for an operational land market and improves the overall viability of the holdings.
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The book presents the most commonly used tools, methods and techniques of multivariate analysis and it is mostly designed for bachelor and graduate students. It has 8 chapters, grouped into 3 parts, as follows: (i) the first part (containing 3 chapters) is a review of fundamentals of matrix algebra, probability theory and statistics with a greater focus on the concepts underlying the mathematical models of the various data analysis techniques described further in the book; (ii) the second part is dedicated to dimensionality reduction methods, covering 3 types of analysis each of them described in a separate chapter: principal component analysis, factor analysis and correspondence analysis; and (iii) the third part deals (within two chapters) with pattern recognition techniques: cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.Besides the technical and mathematical descriptions, the chapters focusing on methods of multivariate data analysis also include a case study on real data, and some examples to clarify the more complex parts.
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In the third volume of the Munition series the readers are invited to explore the very roots of the economic system of our society. The author dusts down one of the key topics in the field which has been somewhat neglected in the past century: the relationship between price and value. The book answers questions such as: Why do we express the price in money? Should a hand-sewn shirt cost several times more than a machine-made one? How did Bata price his shoes? Is the price of coffee related to the price of a guitar? Why are diamonds more expensive than water? How high or low must be a price so that to be unfair? Is the market immoral? What kind of information can be fairly converted into money? Why don't excellent teachers earn as much money as top footballers? Are economists cynical? The author, Hana Lipovská, is a prominent representative of the emerging generation of Czech economists. She works at the Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University.
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The G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019 conference took place in Alexandra, Romania, on November 28-29th, 2019. The resulting proceeding, titled `GIDTP 2022 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2022` and edited by Ioana Panagoreț and Gabriel Gorghiu comprises articles about the economy and its various fields.
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In recent years, with the fast development of computer and Internet technologies, text-mining computer methods are becoming more and more important. Computer systems capacities can be further used in such areas as text summarization, information retrieval, text correcting, determining text subject, machine text translation, creating lexicons, determining text sentiment. This monograph is focused on sentiment analysis in the most popular meaning of this phrase i.e. on the sentiment of the whole document. The problems of binary classification (two document groups), staying away from external sources, using the training set but in the possibly smallest size, were emphasized. The monograph’s targets are: providing a comparative review of sentiment analysis methods to be found in literature, investigating the quality of selected methods of document sentiment classification in applications to Polish language written documents, proposing new methods which would upgrade the classification quality or possess other advantages. An original method with simple interpretation has been proposed which proved to be better than standard methods applied to classify English language documents, especially in the case of documents corpora with similar number of documents in both classes. The research was carried out on thirteen sets of documents from different independent sources.
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Mocną stroną pracy jest prezentacja wyników badań porównawczych dotyczących świadomości ekonomicznej młodzieży polskiej i niemieckiej, zrealizowanych w latach 2016–2017, z uwzględnieniem kontekstu badań świadomości społeczeństwa polskiego prowadzonych od roku 1980. Dzięki temu zabiegowi możliwe jest tworzenie modeli empirycznych oraz poszukiwanie związków między stanem świadomości młodych Polaków a przemianami świadomości ekonomicznej i politycznej społeczeństwa polskiego w minionym czterdziestoleciu. W jednej z ważniejszych konkluzji Gardawski przeciwstawia dwie zasady charakteryzujące świadomość ekonomiczną respondentów z obu krajów. W przypadku młodych Polaków wizja gospodarki dobrze urządzonej ma charakter materialistyczny, przetrwaniowy, natomiast w przypadku młodych Niemców jest to wizja postmaterialistyczna, samorealizacyjna. prof. Paweł Ruszkowski, Collegium Civitas Recenzowana książka ma pewne rysy badawczego résumé. Ale zarazem daleko wykracza poza zreferowanie wyników wieloletnich badań. Jest udanym przykładem fachowej, solidnie uzbrojonej w teorię i metodę, rzetelnie empirycznie podbudowanej, a zarazem niepozbawionej polotu literatury z kręgu socjologii ekonomicznej i ekonomii politycznej. Będzie istotną lekturą dla socjologów, ekonomistów, politologów, nie tylko akademików, lecz także praktyków. prof. dr hab. Jacek Sroka, Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. KEN w Krakowie
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Książkę traktujemy jako głos polemiczny w dyskusji na temat pożądanego kształtu polityki fiskalnej w warunkach kryzysowych. Adresujemy ją do aktywnych uczestników tej debaty w Polsce, gdzie argumenty krytyczne wobec rozważań wobec głównego nurtu ekonomii nie wybrzmiewają z wystarczającą mocą. Ponadto monografia może być użytecznym i przystępnym źródłem wiedzy dla studentów kierunków ekonomicznych, szczególnie na poziomie magisterskim i doktorskim. Mamy szczerą nadzieję, że zawarta w tej publikacji argumentacja pozwoli nadać dynamikę dyskusji, w której agregaty fiskalne, ale również pieniężne nie będą stanowić jedynego punktu odniesienia dla postulatu zrównoważenia finansów publicznych, lecz będą rozpatrywane z perspektywy funkcjonalnej. Dyskusja ta toczy się już od co najmniej dziesięciu lat w krajach zachodnich jako konsekwencja kryzysu finansowego 2008 roku i spowodowanej przez niego potrzeby dogłębnej refleksji nad stanem nauk ekonomicznych i praktyki gospodarczej. Warto, z uwzględnieniem polskiej specyfiki, wyciągnąć z niej lekcje i dokonać reewaluacji pozycji ideologicznych. Michał Możdżeń, Jan J. Zygmuntowski
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The book handed over to the Readers includes the scientific, didactic and organizational achievements of statisticians and demographers of the University of Lodz. It can be treated as a continuation of the monograph entitled "Lodz academic statistics", published in 2020. The aim of the book is to present the achievements of statisticians and demographers of the University of Lodz, including precursors who have made a significant contribution to the development of statistics and demography as scientific disciplines and their wide application in many fields of knowledge. The occasion to publish this book was the 77th anniversary of the first lectures conducted by academic teachers at the University of Lodz and at the Lodz Branch of the Warsaw School of Economics. The presented scientific work covers a period of over one hundred years and has contributed to the significant development of statistics and demography in numerous higher education institutions, mainly at the University of Lodz. The Lodz community also supported other universities in Poland by promoting doctors and habilitated doctors, managing scientific projects and by organizing international conferences, including Multivariate Statistical Analysis conference, which will have its 40th edition in 2022. The book is scientific and popular science. It enriches the information on the scientific and didactic achievements of statisticians and demographers of the University of Lodz against the background of Polish, and partly also global, statistics and demography, in the process of historical development. Based on source documents, these achievements were presented against the background of Polish statistical and demographic thought ant its contribution to international statistical congresses.
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