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‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ as an example of the logical-positivist science

Author(s): Mariusz Maziarz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The paper addresses the question whether the nowinfamous piece of econometric research conducted by Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) that set the threshold hypothesis in the relation between public debt and economic growth was conducted in accordance with the neopositivist doctrine. The article consists of two parts. First, the epistemic advice given by logical positivism is reconstructed and operationalized. Second, the cliometric method employed by Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) is analyzed. The answer to the research question is affirmative. ‘Growth in a Time of Debt’ is a piece of logical-positivist science because (1) the research is data-based and aimed at confirming the results, (2) its authors are committed to the neopositivist theory-observation distinction, (3) its goal is describing an empirical generalization and the result’s interpretations suggest that (4) Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) understand causality in a reductionist way, as a constant conjunction.

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‘Why has economics turned out this way?’ A socio-economic note on the explanation of monism in economics

Author(s): Arne Heise / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Economic science has – lamented by some, applauded by others – turned into a monistic discipline. In this short research note, a socio-economic answer to the question of why this has happened is provided by combining an economic approach to the market for economic ideas with a sociological approach to a scientific (power) field.

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“A Green Island” or “a Never-land”? Poles in the face of the contemporary economic crisis

Author(s): Arkadiusz Modrzejewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

In 2009 Poland was the only EU member state which recorded the increase in gross domestics product (GDP). In media reports and during the press conferences of the representatives of the Polish government the economic map of Europe was presented with red colour dominating - representing the decrease in GDP. Green colour, symbolising the increase, was only visible within the borders of Poland. Therefore, Poland was declared “a green island”. Some economic commentators emphasised either great internal market or weakening zloty which favoured the export of Polish goods and services as an increase drive. The Prime Minister and the ministers indicated their own merits convincing the citizens that the increase in GDP in Poland is to a great extent thanks to an effective government policy. Some, especially during discussions which were far from economic realties, emphasised the importance of the EU funds which have been stimulating Polish growth. In fact, these funds cannot influence the reverse of negative trends in the Polish economy. Their size in an annual perspective equals 3% of Polish GDP. Economic and political analyses seldom indicate, perhaps only indirectly, the cultural phenomenon, which discloses only after sociological surveys. Although the Polish economy has recorded some growth, despite a slight growth, the crisis has also affected Poland and Poles still feel its effects (weakening zloty, unemployment increase, cessation of the dynamics of salary increase, decrease in the value of the investment funds units and company shares). As the crisis in Poland has assumed a light form, does Poland deserve being called “a green island” or perhaps “a never-land” where the optimistic economic data are rather apparent? In this article I will try to show the attitudes of Poles towards the global economic crisis as well as interpret this state. The basic reference consists of the results of the opinion polls.

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“A Study of Brand building through Corporate Social Responsibility”- A Case Study of SBI Life Insurance

Author(s): Rajesh K. Yadav,Richa Jain / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2014

CSR activities refer to the initiatives an individual corporate entity undertakes as an extra effort for the welfare of the society, environment as a whole. This initiative is a kind of gratitude shown by the corporates towards the society from whom they earn wholesome profits. This study aims in finding out how significant CSR activities are in building a brand name and making one a good employer and an employee. This study also intends to seek how Indian companies can face the competition by widening the CSR actions of their firms. Interview of Human Resource senior official of SBI Life Insurance was undertaken to complete this study. The findings of the study suggest that there is a significant rise in the business performances of SBI Life Insurance through the conduction of CSR activities. With the boom of international trade and outsourcing business, their CSR conduct is the sine quo non for building a more powerful brand name.

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“Angel Investors” in Entrepreneurship: An Assessment on Turkey Model

Author(s): Hidayet Tiftik,Mustafa Zincirkiran / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

Since the subject of angel investors is a new concept for the researches of our country there is little if any in Turkey regarding of scientific research. As well as any quantitative research not exist on the field, the searches carried out are discussed as qualitative and literature study. The concept is ranked among the titles such as business angels, angel capital, angel investment, angel financing in the international literature. The search involves the entrepreneurship concept, the study results hereof in our country, the literature about angel investment and the studies carried out in other countries regarding of the subject matter. In consequences of the searches, the subject discussed from a different point of view and headed by the literature offers a number of suggestions and advices to entrepreneurships, the whole parts modeled by angel investment and researches.

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“CONDEMNED TO HAPPINESS”... A COMPARISON IN TERMS OF TAX COMPLIANCE AND HAPPINESS WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Alexandra-Codruța Bîzoi,Ciprian Alexandru Șipoș / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Analysing the tax compliance is a difficult task, considered to have mainly an economic dimension. Happiness, an unconventional factor when explaining economic phenomena can bring however, interesting insights, as well. This paper focuses on the relationship between tax compliance and happiness in EU former communist countries and other 17 EU countries, before the last EU enlargement in 2013. The findings show that the countries with the highest degree of tax compliance have also a large ecological footprint. The happier EU countries are also the countries where tax compliance records the highest level and those that have a history of democratic systems.

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“DAY-TO-DAY POLITICS” IRAQ’S DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN BILATERAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Author(s): Elisabeth Bishop / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, $6.6 billion in Iraqi petroleum revenues disappeared; during the Second World War, too, Iraq’s share of $3 billion was rolled into “development aid” in a program conceptualized in Great Britain. This essay compares the ethics of Iraq’s experience with bilateral relations, with the role of various international organizations.

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“Did somebody say ‘transition’?” A critical Intervention into the use of a notion

Author(s): Atila Lukić,Gordan Maslov / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2014

From the time of its introduction, the concept of ‘transition’ has effected a tectonic shift in our understanding of post-socialism. In the process which has taken place during the last couple of decades after the collapse of East European socialist regimes, it has become transformed from one of the signifiers of the political and social change which occurred into a cornerstone for thinking, analyzing and predicting the future of post-socialism. Furthermore, in this article it is posited that all the political and social processes occurring in the ex-socialist countries are defined in relation to transition as an all-encompassing form of post-socialist experience. Relying on the discursive theory of Ernesto Laclau, this article attempts to consider together the usually separated questions of epistemology and ontology, and to ask what is the connection between scientific origins of the concept of transition and its political legitimacy. We claim that transition is a “sutured“ structure composed of various social experiences and political strategies, which naturalizes and universalizes the contingent power struggles that are taking place and will take place in the future of post-socialist countries. Therefore, severing the existing bonds between transition and the actually existing post-socialism is a necessary precondition for creating a more complex and productive understanding of the societies of East and South East Europe.

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“Engineering Economics” as the Source of Knowledge

Author(s): Bronislovas Martinkus / Language(s): English Issue: 5 (50)/2006

Economics and management develop very rapidly alongside with other scientific directions. This development has become especially evident after the restoration of independence in Lithuania. These changes are clearly expressed by the introduction of new managerial methods, economic forecasts, decision making, new technologies, information systems, etc. The journal “Engineering Economics” is aimed at presenting all these developments and changes to its readers by raising new hypotheses and giving scientific recommendations. The level of the papers presented in the journal as well as the number of the authors has increased. Moreover, the structure of the issue and the activity of the Editorial Board have changed. The Editorial Board has established very close relationships with the authors of the papers and the readers not only in the Republic but also in foreign countries. The inclusion of the journal into the international data base has played a very important role. It has become widely known abroad. Close cooperation has resulted in higher level of the papers presented. Considerable attention is being paid to engineering decision-making based on research, new methods and scientific experience. The publication of the journal calls for financial expenses being covered by Kaunas University of Technology. It could be very helpful that the Scientific Board of Lithuania also rendered some financial support.

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“EUROPE 2020” Strategy and Bulgaria's Economic Growth

Author(s): Rossitsa Rangelova / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2011

The highlights and targets of “EUROPE 2020” Strategy are presented and scrutinized here, especially the three dimensions of growth – smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and Bulgaria's attitude thereto. The growth factors (sources) in the last two decades are focused, as well as the potential of our country and the efforts to be made to fulfill the strategy and to achieve a long-term economic growth. Some key principal determinants are studied in details, directly related to the set parameters of growth in “EUROPE 2020” Strategy – manufacturing structures, the role of FDI, of exports, R&D costs, etc.

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“Eventisation” of Culture: A Trend or a Trait in Tourism Destination Management?

Author(s): Michał Koskowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2.2/2019

The article explores the causes and the scale of the phenomenon of eventisation of culture in tourism destination management. It reviews relevant literature and concepts that include cultural and technological changes that are responsible for the situation in which the tourist is both an observer and being observed, and events provide a useful situational context for the access to culture and for visitor engagement. The article concludes that the accelerating pace of modern life as well as its commercialisation, the proliferation of ICTs, and the blurring boundaries between leisure time and work time, as well as the growing experience economy mean that eventisation of culture seems poised to become an established trend in tourism.

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“Everyone is a potential leader” – attractiveness of a charismatic Church in Solo, Java (Indonesia)

Author(s): Susanne Rodemeier / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2012

The evangelical-charismatic Family of God Church (GBI-KA: Gereja Bethel Indonesia – Keluarga Allah) was founded in the Javanese town of Solo and is currently booming, especially in predominantly Muslim surroundings. The reason why so many Christians prefer specifically this church over several other churches in town is still unknown. After doing ethnographic field research in 2011, I suggest that the reasons for its boom are not so much the economy or successful business relations, as was perhaps the case up tol five years ago. To prove my findings, I will take a closer look at the Family of God Church’s economic and social system as well as its internal structure. It is quite obvious that this church, like many other churches, fills a gap in Indonesian social politics. But what is different about the Family of God Church is its inner cell-structure, which sees everyone as a potential leader. This structure picks up the idea of the International Charismatic Mission Church (ICMC) of G12 cell churches. The idea is to build an endlessly growing organism of cells and then add a spiritual component by organising these cells in groups of twelve to evoke the idea of Jesus and his twelve apostles. Next to the attractive spiritual component, this organisational structure stands out in contrast to the Javanese traditional social system as it offers individuals the chance to move up the hierarchical ladder. Furthermore, the masses of the fast growing population are broken down into small groups who share the same aim, i.e. to experience Jesus or to be “born again” (melahirkan kembali), as they call it.

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“FETTERED” AND “UNFETTERED” CAPITALISM IN J.A. SCHUMPETER’S CONCEPT OF TAX STATE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT – ISSUES IN BANKING PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Karol Śledzik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Economic development and transformation processes have become much more intense in economic reality in the last years than they have ever been before. At this time a lot of questions were raised about the causes of the actual Global Crisis, future crises, the factors affecting the modern economy, about the essence of contemporary capitalism, demographic problems and overgrown bureaucracy. The most spectacular threat to capitalism, (based on private entrepreneurship) according to Schumpeter, stems from the high, growing and progressive taxation. Schumpeter saw clearly that the financing of public goods and services (requiring taxes, maybe even relatively high) is something other than a clerical control of the economic system that violates the natural economic mechanism. Moreover, Schumpeter says explicitly that an entrepreneur does not have to be one person, he even states that the country (state) itself, or its agenda, can act as an entrepreneur. Therefore, it can be concluded that we may have to deal with “Tax State”, which is typical for “fettered capitalism”, and with “entrepreneurial state”, which is typical for “unfettered capitalism”. The main goal of this paper is to present two different approaches to the economic development concept: Schumpeter’s “fettered” and “unfettered” capitalism in the context of “Tax State” and interventionism. The Author analyzes presented concept in contemporary issues from the banking perspective. In the paper, the Author used critical analysis as a research method. This allowed to identify gaps in the current state of knowledge and the scientific discussion focused on J.A. Schumpeter’s theoretical concept. Analysis was performed in 2015.

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“FİKRİ ve SINAİ HAKLAR” MARKA KONUMLANDIRMANIN MÜŞTERİ ALGISINA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Berkan Yanar,Murat Korkmaz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2013

This study aims at exploring the effects of brand positioning on consumer perception within the framework of the intellectual property concept by means of an applied analysis. This research has been extended through a literature review in terms of intellectual property. The research includes 100 participants. In the study, 5 point likert analysis and the survey on the demographical characteristics of the participants have been applied. They have been prepared by using previously applied two surveys whose reliability was proved. The first section of the survey consists of 19 questions on demographical characteristics, and the second part consists of the questions on the consumers’ preferences concerning brand positioning. The population of the study is composed of two groups. The sample is composed of the customers of two organizations. Application includes operation which registered its two brands and have been operating in food and cafe sectors since 2010. The characteristics of these operations have been summarised in the application. The research lasted about two months. Data collected at the end of the study have been analysed by using the computer program SSPC (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 19. In this study, the reliability of Cronbach’s Alpha is 0. 933, which is highly reliable. In the study, anova, one way analysis of variance, tukey test and t- test have been applied. At the end of the study it has been observed that the brand value has a profound effect on consumer perception.

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“Financial inclusion: disrupted liquidity and redundancy of mobile money agents in Zimbabwe

Author(s): Last Mazambani,Tariro Juliet Rushwaya,Emmanuel Mutambara / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Mobile money agents (MMAs) are the pedestal of inclusive finance by bringing financial services closer to unbanked people by offering them capabilities to move from cash to electronic money and vice versa. This function is effective in an environment where hard cash is in uninterrupted circulation. The aim of this paper is to investigate implications of cash liquidity challenges in Zimbabwe to the development of financial inclusion through MMAs in a rural set-up. Phenomenological in-depth interviews were conducted with MMAs. Due to national liquidity challenges, MMAs ceased to receive cash float support, limiting their cash-in and cash-out services. Pure agents were adversely affected, while those who operate retail goods services reported increased goods sales through mobile money point-of-sale payments. Consumers are restricted to deal in electronic funds in the cashless economy making the cash-in and cash-out function of MMAs redundant. MMAs need support to sustain their operations and recoup invested capital in infrastructure. Risk management strategies, including the principal-agent contracts that minimize the exposure of MMAs to disruption of the service are important. MMAs could form an association to lobby financial regulators for support, negotiation with principals, market research, political power and active participation of agents in deepening financial inclusion. Perhaps pure MMAs could improve their economic sustainability by diversifying their businesses.

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“First Home” Program: Functionality or Controversy?

Author(s): Andreea Trîmbițaș / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2012

The aim of this research is to emphasize the echo-s the “First Home” program had into the economic and social Romanian reality. The subject of this paper is an actual one, which deserves to be written and discussed about, especially because there is no fundamental analysis in this direction.In order to collect the necessary information, I realised some useful desk research to gather information from online sources, then, I passed to research in the library, and finally, to case study.The program managed to unblock the credit activity, and helped around 500,000 families to achieve a house of their own. On the other hand, the program did not succeed in the re-launch of the construction sector, nor in creating new jobs, not even in collecting more taxes to the State budget.This study was part of my recent license degree, so it was used in the academic field as a case study.The research is unique because of its originality, and because of the perspective in the dynamic it offers about the “First Home” program. Moreover, it implies a SWOT analysis, in order to come up with solutions so as to make the implementation of the program much more visible in the future.

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“Fiscal Cash Registers” Law Slow to Catch On

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2003

Although it has been in practice for several years, technically, Macedonia's law on officially-recorded transactions via special cash registers still faces widespread challenges to implementation. Does the finance ministry have the gumption to stick with the law?

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“Green Hotel”: Concepts and Implementation

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“Green Hotel”: Concepts and Implementation

Author(s): Elena L. ILINA,Konstantin A. Miloradov,Andrey Kovaltchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 02 (34)/2019

The authors analyzed the development of the “green hotel” concept, economic and environmental factors affecting the implementation of the “green hotel” concept, proposed an approach to the implementation of the “green hotel” concept, taking into account the regional specifics of the Russian hospitality market.

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“Homo Economicus” Through the Lens of Metaphysics of Economics

Author(s): Oksana Petinova / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2018

The problem of the expansion of the economics into other areas of public life has been the subject of intense discussion for more than a century, and modern attempts to conceptualize the complex and multicomponent field of economic relations, both in social and in personal terms, are articulated in the concept of “Homo economicus”. The concept of special productivity gains in the context of the application of the methodology of metaphysics. The metaphysics of the economics has a significant potential for the phenomenal and noumenal differentiation, which is extremely important in the era of simulation. Comparing the simulation of the present, the methodology of metaphysics articulates subjectivity in the coordinates of the economics. Such a universal approach allows us to verify the complex problem field of the study “Homo economicus”, having carried out its revision (rehabilitation).

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“Institutional Permeability” and Employment Relations in Europe: a Comparative Perspective on HR Policies in MNCs in France and the CEECs

Author(s): Patrick Dieuaide / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2012

The purpose of this paper is based on a field survey conducted by the author and others on behalf of France’s Ministry of Employment within 8 French Multinational Companies (MNCs) present in the CEECs (Hungary, Romania and Slovakia). We analyse one singular aspect of this work, revealed by corporate strategies of MNC and consisting in the ability of head management to ajust industrial relations to strategic and operational objectives. The notion of “institutional permeability” of employment relation is put forward and discussed for understanging this phenomenon. At a general point of view, this notion is defined as a gap between the rules and the representations, practices and strategies of actors they are meant to regulate. In this contribution, this notion is apprehended at two levels: first, at an “institutional gaps” level, revealed localy by the practices and the devices of management set up by the directions of firm. It follows an erosion of the power of regulation by existing legal and normative frameworks; second, at an “institutional rules” level, set up and adjusted by States themselves with the aim to build of a new institutional frame able to garantee a certain spatial and temporal cohesion between international strategies of firms, territories of setting-up and employment relation within the European Union. This dynamic is essentially based on a re-intermediation of the employment relationship via a repositioning of the State in the sphere of relationships by MNCs in territories they invest in.

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