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Зърнените храни в България през периода на войните (1912–1918). Проблеми и решения

Author(s): Plamen Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

From ancient times until today cereals have the primary role in the life of nations.They are one of the most sought after and used sources of raw materials and supplies, they remain an integral part of national and international trade.Bulgaria is an agricultural country and its participation in the three wars during the period 1912-1918 is reflected in an extreme increase of problems in the agricultural sector. As in other belligerents, introduces a system of regulation and control of the economy, including cereals.The paper examines and analyzes the implemented measures, their effectiveness, problem areas and the results of the state intervention.

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Третият държавен съд (1919 – 1923 г.) за предаване експлоатацията на жп линията София – Ниш на германските железопътни войски по време на Първата световна война

Author(s): Evgeni Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The Institute for constitutional Ministerial criminal liability in Bulgaria is based on articles 155-159 from the Constitution of the Bulgarian Principality, adopted in 1879. It provides for a specific procedure through which the members of the government to be judged outside of the civil courts. From 1880 to 1923, through this procedure four trials were held. During World War I, The Sofia - Nis line has been handed over for operation to the 7th German Operations Directorate. The author concludes that the contracted Bulgarian-German Agreement is advantageous for the Bulgarian side and that there is no basis for claiming legal responsibility towards the then Minister of Transport V. Koznichki.

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Монетната циркулация в Дуросторум като отражение на кризата в Римската империя (294–498)

Author(s): Svetlana Gancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Emperor Diocletian (284 - 305) started a number of reforms that led to a completely new stage in the development of the Roman Empire. The period of 294 – 498, subject of the study, is characterized by conflicts for the power, with years of development, followed by economic instability and barbaric threats, all of which affect commodity-money relations, the market and circulation processes to one degree or another. As a major feature of the dynamics of circulation is used the coin / year ratio, who express the rate of receipt of the coins. It is accepted, that the comparison of values for each period objectively reflects fluctuations in the local money market, which are due to military-political and economic reasons. Based on the monetary circulation in Durostorum, one of the most important centers in the northern border zone of the empire, the development of the city during late antiquity is traced.

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Размирици в Северна България. Борба за надмощие между Тръстеникоглу и Йълъкоглу (1800–1806)

Author(s): Levent Kayapinar,Ayşe Kayapınar / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, Northern Bulgaria became a scene of riots caused by the Ottoman Ayans. Osman Pazvantoglu, Trastenikoglu Ismail, and Yilikoglu Suleyman are some of them. The acute quarrel between Trastenikoglu and Yilikoglu covers the period from 1800 to 1806. The number of studies conducted on this topic in both Turkey and Bulgaria is quite small. The Presidential Archive contains nearly 200 documents on the Trastenikoglu and Yilikoglu affairs, with a large part containing information about the quarrel between the two Ayans themselves. After being appointed ayan of Ruse, Trastenikoglu began to operate with the center of Ruse, taking over the lands around Ruse and Tarnovo. Taking advantage of Napoleon's Egyptian march, which forced the Ottoman authorities to deal closely, Trastenikoglu succeeded in extending his power to include in his lands the lands of Svishtov, Razgrad, Omurtag, Shumen, Provadia, Varna, Dobrich, Sliven, Stara Zagora. Almost the entire Silistra sandzhak and the entire Black Sea coast from Constantsa to Midia was under his control. At the same time, he manages to limit the possessions of his rival Yilikoglu, forcing him to settle only with Silistra and Tutrakan. Yilikoglu himself was Delianorman's Ayan at the end of the 18th century and was later appointed Silistra's mutessellim. It is believed that at the beginning of the 19th century he was the second big ayan in northern Bulgaria after Trastenikoglu. The earliest information given by the Ottoman documents about Yilikoglu's atrocities and rebellions dates from 1897/98. The present study aims toinvestigate the quarrel and rivalry between Trastenikoglu and Yilikoglu based on published and unpublished Ottoman documents from the Istanbul Archive. Particular attention will be paid to the social and economic impact of this struggle on the population in Northern Bulgaria.

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Елена и Еленския край по време на кърджалийските времена

Author(s): Stanimir Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

One of the most emblematic periods in Bulgarian history is related to the Kardzhalis time. It is a time of anarchy and battles for influence in the provinces. A historical source known as the Elena Chronicle synthesizes into one the everyday life and the political situation in this period of turmoil. On the basis of this chronicle, we will try to look into the issues of economic, social and cultural development during the Kardzhalis period, covering the period between 1750s and 1820s in the Balkan history.

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Кризи и възможности: демографските промени през XIX в. и отражението им върху стопанското развитие на българските земи (по примера на Тревненския регион)

Author(s): Gergana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Based on case studies from the territory of kaza of Tarnovo, the correlation „crisis – opportunities“ in economic development is being explored. In the nineteenth century, a high demographic growth of the population was observed in theBulgarian lands, followed by a shortage of land. The uneven distribution causes seasonal and permanent labor migrations of the mountainous population from Tryavna and Gabrovo to certain regions – the Northeastern Bulgarian lands, Dobrudzha and the Danube cities. There is also a specialization of the mountain population in activities that were practiced outside the villages. This is how revenue sources were sought in other parts of the Balkans. Comparison of the size of the land conquered by each household shows that the examples considered in Tarnovo differ significantly from other regions in today's Bulgarian lands. Economic development in the nineteenth century was definitely based on many case studies that were very different from one another.

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Търговия във време на криза – Разград през първата половина на XIX в.

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The study presents the socio-economic development of Razgrad in the first half of the 19th century. Emphasis is placed on the economic and political changes in Ottoman society, the robbery and ayan anarchy in the region. New unpublished data on traders in the city and their social and economic status have being introduced. The focus of the study is on people engaged in commercial activity in Razgrad. The text provides information about their households, incomes and taxes. The economic structure of the merchants, the peculiarities of their territorial organization, their confessional structure and some details of the economic development of this community in Razgrad are discussed.

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Войни и реформи в османската периферия: аграрните отношения в Добруджа през XIX в. (по данни от теметтуат дефтерите)

Author(s): Nikolay Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article provides new information on the socio-economic development of Northern Dobrudzha in the 19th c. extracted from unpublished Ottoman documents – temettuat defters. Those documents provide valuable information for the demographic picture, social, ethnic and religious characteristics of the settlements in the Ottoman Empire. Another important source of information for the history of the region is Balcho Neykov's memoirs. The problem of the Ottoman agrarian policy in Northern Dobrudzha and the role of the local Ottoman elite has not been studied before, but the provided new sources give new perspective and support innovative theses.

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Аспекти на стопанската криза в българските земи през 50-те и 60-те години на XIX в. според данни от архива на свищовските предприемачи братя Кръстич

Author(s): Ivaylo Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The proposed paper is based on the mercantile letters sent from and to Dimiter, Petar and Aleko Krastich from the town of Svishtov during the 1850-s and 1860-s. The main aim is to reveal important details related to the economic crisis in Ottoman Bulgaria on the eve, and especially during and after the Crimean War (1853-1856). On the other hand, it is interesting to reveal the measures/strategies of the Bulgarian entrepreneurs (in particular Krastich brothers) to overcome the negative tendencies in the economic life of the Ottoman Empire. Such case-studies may give us additional clues about the essence of entrepreneurship during the Bulgarian National Revival period.

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Икономическото развитие на град Свищов по време на кризата от 1897–1902 г.

Author(s): Emilia Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In this report, based on existing estimates in the historical science of the economic and financial crisis of 1897–1902, an attempt is made to trace its impact on Svishtov's economic development. At the same time, the influence of other factors, which operate during these years, which have a strong negative impact on the state of the various sectors of the urban economy, is also monitored. The dangers to the future development facing local business people are also revealed, and the question of how aware they are and how they respond to the challenges is sought.

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Отечественият фронт и икономическото развитие на Старозагорска епархия през 1944–1956 г.

Author(s): Nikolay Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The objective of this study is to research the economic changes in the development of Stara Zagora diocese, in result of Fatherland front’s internal politics. The specific tasks are connected to tracking the agrarian politics, alienation of church property and changes in Constitution, which impede the economic initiatives of the Bulgarian Orthodox church and in particular Stara Zagora metropolis. The emphasis is placed on the issue of landing the parochial churches, the opportunities to profit of their adjoining properties and the influence of the fatherland front’s power on the overall financial state of Stara Zagora diocese. The questions which answer is to be searched are connected to the issue if the economic activity of churches and monasteries in the diocese is changed significantly and if some new sources of capitals rise, which fulfill the parish funds related to the maintenance and improvement of the religious and church buildings. As a key point in Stara Zagora diocese financial status is cited 1936, when a fund was found which is replenished with the diocese churches and monasteries’ budget surpluses. It is this initiative that underlies a number of projects created and realized under the leadership of Metropolitan Clement.

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THE RURAL ECONOMY OF OTTOMAN CRETE (1650-1670): A SPATIAL APPROACH

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THE RURAL ECONOMY OF OTTOMAN CRETE (1650-1670): A SPATIAL APPROACH

Author(s): Georgios Vidras,Christos Kyriakopoulos,Elias Kolovos / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

This paper explores the shifting economic dynamics on the island of Crete during the transition from Venetian to Ottoman rule in the seventeenth century. We will examine the impact of the long war between the two powers on the Cretan economy, focusing on the dispersion of the rural population, emerging settlement patterns and the overall spatial redevelopment of the landscape during and after the Cretan war. We focus especially on the environmental regional diversity of the island’s hinterland. Our analysis takes into account not only the Venetian and the Ottoman land policies enforced upon Crete but also the parameters of the geography and the natural environment, as they both helped shape much of agrarian activity on the island. As cartography plays a crucial role in deepening our understanding of this process, we utilized the digital toolset of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in order to produce several maps with our findings.

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THE INSTITUTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) BASED ON COAL MINING COMPANIES STAKEHOLDER

Author(s): Drajat Tri Kartono,As Martadani Noor,Ravik Karsidi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In Indonesia, stakeholders have not been significantly used as the basis for CSR institutional development, especially in coal mining companies which mostly related to environmental problems and felt by the surrounding communities. This study aims to formulate the form of CSR institutions based on stakeholders of coal mining companies. Formulation refers to the results of the analysis: stakeholder views on CSR, and concerning normative, cultural-cognitive, regulations, and CSR organizations. The research ware data collection in 2016 and 2018 through interviews and observations with a triangulation validation test. The data sources are key CSR forum members and six of stakeholder groups. The analysis results for the CSR institutions consist of the normative pillar, there are CSR partnerships, state compliance, and CSR as community rights as well as the cultural cognitive pillars, there are the reputation and glory of CSR. On the regulative pillar, there are regional regulations concerning CSR. The formulation of CSR institutions includes CSR partnerships, as normative pillars; the reputation and glory of CSR as a cultural cognitive pillar; and regulators, supervision, awards, and sanctions as a CSR regulative pillar. The pillars are the basic principles of CSR, the vision of CSR, CSR organizations in the form of CSR Research and Development Organizations.

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Теоретизиране на завръщането: от икономическа рационалност към емоционална рефлексивност

Author(s): Maria Bakalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The research traces the development of theoretical knowledge about the RM within the proposed periodisation. It reveals the increased relevance of new paradigms, in which economic aspects of return are combined with socio-cultural and psychological ones. Economic and non-economic factors bearing on the returnees’ motivation are explicated with a focus on the on emotional reflexivity and non-rationalist motives. It is concluded that the theoretical understanding of return migration increasingly transcends the classic strictly economic accounts with their explanations focused solely on returnees’ economic rationality.

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Големите данни, икономическите теории и политическата икономия на дигиталната икономика

Author(s): Hristo Prodanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The aim of this research is to reveal how big data change the character of economic theories, economics and politics during the transition to digital economy. On the one hand, economic science, as well as any science, is grounded on the analysis of particular empirical data and relevant theories. What we are witnessing today is an exponential leap in the amount of all kinds of data, which are changing the social science as a whole, and the economic science in particular. On the other hand, there are changes in the object and the subject of economic knowledge. Big data have consequences for the way economy works, for the whole interaction between technological, economic and political factors. The research is theoretical and is grounded on the current discussion between the supporters of the end of theory and their opponents. To achieve this goal, I consistently examine the relationship between economic theories and data, the need of changes in economic theories, and the changes in politico-economic systems as a result of the introduction of big data. The conclusion is that there is a tendency and a need of a qualitative changes in the empirical bases of economic research, but the argument is sustained that there is a need of economic theory that should be developed in a direction towards a political economy of big data. The study marks the beginning of a discussion on that topic in Bulgaria.

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ОЦЕНКАТА НА РИСКА, ОСНОВЕН ИНСТРУМЕНТ НА МЕНИДЖМЪНТА ЗА ОСИГУРЯВАНЕ НА ЗДРАВОСЛОВНИ И БЕЗОПАСНИ УСЛОВИЯ НА ТРУД

Author(s): Valeri Apostolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This article discusses a major point in the practical implementation of safety and health work conditions by the management, such as the risk assessment, which reflects the current trends in the process of ensuring health and safety work conditions. The main components of risk assessment process are also studied. Safety and health work conditions are an integral part of the management process of each enterprise, as well as of the social policy of the Republic of Bulgaria. Ensuring safe working conditions is an important component of efficient and effective use of the workforce. Ensuring healthy and safe working conditions creates prerequisites for achieving he set production and economic goals.

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АНАЛИЗ НА ТИПОВИ КАЗУСИ ПО ЧЛ. 173 ОТ НАКАЗАТЕЛНИЯ КОДЕКС ПРИ ПОСЕГАТЕЛСТВА СРЕЩУ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯ НА НАУКАТА

Author(s): Shteryo Nozharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The main purpose of the study is to be created an approach for identifying and interpreting various types of cases in accordance with art. 173 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Bulgaria. The main accent is put over the crimes against intellectual property (works of science). Plagiarism in the field of science has been rising in Bulgaria since 2010. At the same time, there is no case-law in this field. This fact demonstrates the need of more theoretical studies, concerning the crimes against works of science to be done and especially studies which are related to the legal practice. The methodology of institutionalism in law is used in the present research.

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ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯТА В УСЛОВИЯТА НА ДИГИТАЛНА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ НА БИЗНЕСА

Author(s): Miglena Molhova-Vladova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Digital transformation is a phenomenon, compared to the industrial revolution in terms of qualitative changes in the economic and social life of societies. The current article investigates the impact of this phenomenon on the internationalization of companies, since the development of information and communication technologies eased the access to different markets, regardless of their geographical location. The spread of digital technologies (big data, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, etc.) is far from just an evolution of information technology; it impacts all company activities, business models, boundaries, cultures and value chains. Digital transformation has created "born global" enterprises and plays a significant role in the development of corporate strategies for internationalization.

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ПРИЛОЖНИ ИЗИСКВАНИЯ КЪМ ЧОВЕШКИЯ КАПИТАЛ ПРИ СЪЗДАВАНЕ НА ЛИДЕРСТВО НА МАРКЕТИНГА

Author(s): Nikolay Sterev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Despite that it can be very difficult to talk about theoretical and applied requirements for establishing marketing leadership, we can find out those marketing organizational issues that could be found as interactions between the different elements of management through marketing. Identifying and describing some basic requirements to contemporary human capital that correspond to establishment of marketing leadership, could be used as an obvious "organizational business excellence" that could be found as result of the most desired marketing management’s outcomes. From this point of view, you could find out that these applicable requirements will prove to be a tool for exploring the marketing environment of any business, and to help business management for further improvement of marketing practice and respectively for establishing organizational scheme of marketing excellence. Accordingly, the main focus of this article is given to the study of the applied aspects of marketing leadership established, used, and maintained in the leadership of human capital in business management.

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• Балканите в новата енергийна архитектура: политическа динамика и стопански предизвикателства

Author(s): Elizabet Joneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

In the last decades, the subject of the development of the energy sector in the Balkan countries provokes special attention due to its relevance in the context of the changing geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape in Eurasia, as well as the transformations on a global level. The aim of the study is to discuss the main dimensions of the significance of this region and the ambitions of the Balkans to act as a bridge between key energy zones.

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