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ULOGA SOCIJALNOG PODUZETNIŠTVA U RASTU GOSPODARSTVA DRŽAVA ZAPADNOG BALKANA

Author(s): Dragan Mišetić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 9/2024

Social entrepreneurship represents an innovative approach to business that is based on solving social problems and needs, while achieving economic sustainability. In the last few decades, this model of entrepreneurship has become increasingly important in the global context, contributing to the development of the economy of many countries. Given that the countries of the Western Balkans(Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia) are characterized by low economic development, this concept is considered as a significant driver of the local economy. Social entrepreneurship has significant potential to contribute to the development of a country's economy through creating jobs, encouraging innovation, promoting social inclusion and attracting investments. Although facing numerous challenges, the support of the state, investors and the community can enable social enterprises to reach their full potential. Through examples of successful social enterprises, we can see how innovative approaches to solving social problems can lead to sustainable economic development and improvement of the quality of life in the community. This paper analyzes the importance of social entrepreneurship for the development of the economy of the Western Balkan countries, investigating its various aspects and examples from practice

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Introducing a Common Currency on the New Silk Road

Author(s): Georgi Chankov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article deals with the decline of the U.S. dollar as the world’s currency for payments and reserve accumulation. We propose a model for using an alternative common currency for a geographically and economically connected group of countries along the New Silk Road – China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and Belarus. The model assumes a common currency parallel to national currencies, backed by highly liquid commodities that most countries in this community have in surplus – crude oil, natural gas, gold, iron ore, coal. The collateral is sufficient for a large increase in the volume of mutual trade. The use of a backed currency requires governance based on political consensus among several countries. This model allows to test the abandonment of fiat currencies in world trade.

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Determinants of successful virtual teams with special reference to the information technology sector in Sri Lanka

Author(s): Vishmika Diwyanjalee Dewage,Adambarage Chamaru De Alwis AChamaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Purpose: Technological advancements, globalization, and crisis situations have compelled society to adopt a virtual platform. In light of this scenario, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the determinants that influence the success of virtual teams in the Sri Lankan context in order to enhance the benefits of the virtual platform. Design and approach: Research study was based on quantitative approach and focused on the actual data that received from the respondents. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving employees in the Information Technology (IT) sector. The data collection technique used was a structured questionnaire combined with a simple random sampling technique. Correlation and simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings: The research reveals that trust, leadership, and communication all have a significant positive impact on successful virtual teamwork independently, while also ensuring a positive relationship between the variables. Originality of the research: The uniqueness of this study is demonstrating how those factors contribute to the conversion of traditional teams to modern teams, thereby increasing the likelihood of the final outcome in a fruitful manner.

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Marketing Metrics in private healthcare institution

Author(s): Ines Škoko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Public health care institutions same as private health care institutions are present in almost every city in Croatia. Public health care institutions provide stability, security, and most of all they are traditionally among the people in Croatia. Private health care institutions are basically young and modern institutions with different and new management system. Main analyses and metrics which Policlinic Intermed uses in its business are SWOT analyses and BCG metrics. Through those methods and analyses this polyclinic can make right decisions in order to bring required marketing activities for this kind of business. A purpose of this research is to bring out strategies that are necessary for making marketing decisions and activities and clarify that private institutions are different then public ones and their need to be advertise and promote in order to survive on the market.

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Osoby z Niepełnosprawnością na Rynku Pracy - Główne Wyzwania, Pierwsze Potrzeby

Author(s): Joanna Małecka,Dominik Czerkawski,Gerhard Weber / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The analysis of labour market participation of the working-age population is a complex issue due to the multitude of factors determining this phenomenon, e.g. age, material status, availability of labour market offers to meet individual employee’s needs. People with disabilities are undoubtedly among those most at risk of social exclusion, which is clearly indicated and underlined by the issues addressed in this article. The current economic situation in Poland makes it possible for people with disabilities to undertake professional activity, especially in so-called sheltered employment conditions – in sheltered workshops, as well as in open employment conditions – in commercial enterprises. The results of research presented in this article are intended to present the economic situation of people with disabilities in Poland in comparison with other EU countries. Based on the results of own research, carried out in cooperation with a non-profit organisation – one of the most recognisable student associations in Poland – and on statistics from individual EU countries collected by government institutions, a model was created to forecast the demand for jobs in both market environments. The need of people with disabilities both to integrate with non-disabled people and their reluctance to work in closed environments of people with disabilities and the resulting social conditions were recognized.

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Improvement of Healthcare Service System: The Upper Northern Hospital Network of Thailand

Author(s): Chalisa Paiyarom,Chompoonoot Kasemset,Krit Khwanngern / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate are the most common craniofacial congenital disability, with an estimated 2 affected babies born per thousand in Thailand. Chiang Mai University Craniofacial (CMU CF) center plays a role as the one-stop service providing this type of healthcare. This center serves as the coordinator between hospitals in the treatment network and patients. This research aims to reduce the delays throughout the patients’ treatment plan of the case study hospital as one of the hospitals in this network. Starting with problem identification, two treatment steps, including hearing testing (ABR/OAE) and Cheiloplasty, were 80% of the total delay from the data collection. Then, Root-cause analysis was conducted by interviewing specialists and studying patients’ documents. The main cause of delays was that the patients needed to be transferred from rural hospitals in the area to the hospital that is the subject of our case study. The supporting operations that help in serving patients need co-working operations between the case study hospital and the CMU CF center. Supporting operations including 4 parts were studied and improved based on the Lean concept. Standard procedures were set up when non-value-added activities were eliminated, and value-added activities were improved by IT solution implementation. Finally, when the supporting operations were performed via an IT solution, the processing time can be reduced. Moreover, the implementation of an IT solution helps in tracking and monitoring patients’ status – this advantage leads to a reduction in the number of delayed patients and a reduced delay time in the treatment plan.

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Działania przedsiębiorców w ramach ochrony środowiska. Społeczna Odpowiedzialność Biznesu jako element komunikowania się z interesariuszami – analiza raportów CSR 2016-2021.

Author(s): Ewa Bizoń-Pożyczka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the article is to present activities in the field of environmental protection of enterprises operating in Poland and to show the correlation between environmental policy and the perception of the company by the environment. The article discusses the need to communicate to stakeholders the organization's activities leading to the reduction of the company's negative impact on the environment or actions supporting nature conservation. The CSR report was presented as a tool for communicating the company's pro-ecological activities to stakeholders. The role of stakeholder awareness regarding pro-ecological activities undertaken by companies was taken into consideration. Next, an analysis of CSR reports on actions implemented in the field of climate change in 2016-2021 by Polish enterprises was carried out. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the forms of engaging stakeholders in CSR activities was undertaken. It has been proposed to divide the activities into 3 criteria, which will serve as a guideline for entrepreneurs planning to take action in the field of climate change. The study confirmed that not all climate action involves financial resources. Many activities were educational, which form an important element of environmental policy. Some of the activities involve internal stakeholders, which raises pro-environmental awareness among managers and employees. Actions directed towards society (local or national) serve to build the reputation and positive perception of the company, constituting an element of competitive advantage.

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HOW RESILIENT WAS INTERNATIONAL TRADE TO COVID-19? INSIGHTS FROM CLUSTERS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Olivera Kostoska,Marjan Angeleski,Ljupco Kocarev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The Covid-19 crisis spread around the world at lightning speed mainly due to the interconnectedness of today's economies as evidenced by major disruptions in international trade. This article aims at assessing the possible shifts that coronavirus disease has triggered in trade activity of European countries in two particularly affected sectors, that is food and machinery and transport equipment. In this process, exploratory data analysis is conducted in order to accurately explain the patterns lying behind the observed variations in trade values. Furthermore, cluster analysis is performed to the sample of European countries by applying hierarchical and K-means clustering algorithms using Python's libraries. By examining clusters of countries with similar trade profiles, this article contributes to discussions on global value chains, and to which extent there is data-based evidence to indicate systemic changes and reconfiguration of global production processes.

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MEDINT AND THE CONTOURS OF THE DEFINITIONAL QUESTION: POSSIBILITIES FOR SOLUTIONS

Author(s): Marco Lombardi,Barbara Lucini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Medical Intelligence is not a new field of medicine or intelligence, but with the advent of the pandemic, its perspective has broadened and its definition requires the consideration of multiple theoretical and methodological factors that have not been considered until now. This paper aims to show, through a different perspective, the new areas and issues on which Medical Intelligence is becoming more and more a crucial element. The consideration presented makes use of the studies and insights that have been carried out and continue to be developed as part of the National Medical Intelligence Group as part of the SOCINT – Italian Society of Intelligence established in March 2023 at the Catholic University, Milan under the direction provided by Marco Lombardi and the coordination by Barbara Lucini. Finally, this paper traces lines of work that orient in an innovative way the field of Medical Intelligence and its future developments.

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Depopulacja zespołów miejskich w sudeckiej części Dolnego Śląska

Author(s): Robert Szmytkie / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

The main object of this paper was the analysis of population changes which took place in the years 1995–2014 in the Jelenia Góra and Wałbrzych agglomerations. Current poor demographic situation of Jelenia Góra and Wałbrzych is caused by the negative economic, social and administrative changes, which occurred in the last decade of the 20th century. Depopulation of the both cities was not compensated by suburbanization of their hinterlands. This problem concerned the Wałbrzych agglomeration in particular. Low dynamics of suburbanization was caused there by a weakness of the economic base of local urban centres and by a negative image of the Wałbrzych city and the entire Wałbrzych Basin. A proximity of Wrocław city has also negatively influenced the demographic situation of both discussed agglomerations.

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Rozwój pasażerskiego transportu lotniczego w Polsce w latach 1989–2019 – jego skutki dla portów lotniczych i implikacje dla miast

Author(s): Edyta Pijet-Migoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2020

The article outlines the most important changes due to the development of air transport that have occurred in large Polish cities in the period following the change of political-economic system in 1989. These changes have had both spatial and functional dimensions. The former includes expansion of airport and airport-related infrastructure and alterations to the ground transport network. The increasing accessibility of air transport has proved important for decision-making in respect to the location of new commercial activities and large events, as well as contributing to the growth of incoming tourism. In turn this has caused an expansion of hotel networks and the emergence of new forms of accommodation.

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СОЦИАЛНО-ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ АСПЕКТИ НА НАЦИОНАЛНА СИГУРНОСТ И ОТБРАНА

Author(s): Nevse Arnaud / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The problem of economic security has never existed on its own. It has always stemmed from the need for economic growth at every stage of society's development. In this sense, guaranteeing economic security has always been one of the main functions of the state, but the issue of economic security as the basis of national security in modern conditions is a relatively new and incompletely researched problem. Guaranteeing the economic security of the Republic of Bulgaria, as a necessary condition for the development and prosperity of our country, increasingly focuses public attention, since the scale of the threats and the real damage they cause to the national economy undoubtedly place these issues among the most significant national priorities.

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ПОЛИТИКО-ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИЯТ УПАДЪК НА ГРАЖДАНСКОТО ОБЩЕСТВО - ЗАПЛАХА ЗА СИСТЕМАТА ЗА НАЦИОНАЛНА СИГУРНОСТ

Author(s): Krasimir Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This article dives into the complex interaction between the erosion of civil society and its potential consequences for the system of national security. Civil society degradation poses a growing threat to global national security, with consequences that demand attention. The erosion of civic engagement, civil liberties, and trust in institutions presents a concerning trend. Factors contributing to this issue include government suppression, disinformation, and economic inequality. The implications for national security are profound, with a weakened civil society rendering nations more vulnerable to crises and internal and external threats. Proactive measures are essential to counter this threat, encompassing the protection of civil society organizations, media literacy, and policies addressing disparities. Safeguarding civil society is critical for maintaining stability and security.

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ZELENA EKONOMIJA I SOCIJALNA INKLUZIJA DRŽAVA ZAPADNOG BALKANA U EKOLOŠKOJ STRATEGIJI EVROPSKE UNIJE

Author(s): Slobodan Nešković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: XVI/2024

The green economy represents a postmodern concept of the comprehensive inclusion of the environment in projects of sustainable economic development. It is emerging as a new paradigm for improving economic growth, while simultaneously reducing the consumption of natural resources and preventing ecosystem devastation. Economic prosperity must incorporate social connotations embodied in improving the health of the population, social justice, employment and protection of the living environment. This is particularly important for the countries of the Western Balkans, which are poor but with huge potential for the implementation of green economy, sustainable development and ecological entrepreneurship. The current undertaking is based on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans in line with the European Green Deal, which includes five areas: decarbonisation, circular economy, pollution reduction, sustainable agriculture and biodiversity. The aim of the work is to show possible modalities of balance between economic progress and social inclusion in the context of enviromental protection. The mentioned elements affect the economic, political and social stability. The results of the research point to new directions for achieving social development with a greater number of possible solutions for overcoming controversies, where meaningful and competent involvement of EU bodies and state institutions is required. The importance of considering the current topic is reflected in the necessity of designing a long-term sustainable development strategy on the platform of the green economy in the countries of the Western Balkans, based on the Green Agenda of the European Union.

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Przemiany zespołu osadniczego Bełchatów-Rogowiec pod wpływem eksploatacji złóż węgla brunatnego

Author(s): Izabela Gardjan,Robert Szmytkie / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

The main objective of this paper is to identify changes in the settlement network in the Bełchatów area, covering both changes to Bełchatów itself and transformations to the local settlement system. A turning point in its history and that of its surroundings was the discovery of large lignite deposits in the vicinity of the village of Piaski in the municipality of Kleszczów at the turn of the 1970s and this contributed to the formation of the settlement complex of Bełchatów-Rogowiec. In the course of the research four main settlement network transformations were identified: settlement changes related to the construction of the open-cast pit and waste areas, the development of Bełchatow as a main service and residential center, the development of the rural commune of Kleszczów as a main labour supply center, and ‘suburbanisation’ in the vicinity of the core area. The analysis of socio-economic transformations in Bełchatów has enabled the pattern of development of the settlement complex to be defined.

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Środki europejskie w budżetach gmin miejskich województwa świętokrzyskiego

Author(s): Wojciech Pietrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2023

The aim of the article is to assess the share of European funds in the income of municipal communes in the świętokrzyskie voivodeship. The research period covers the years 2018–2022. The work was based on a review of available literature, analysis of source material contained in reports on budget implementation and data available in the Local Data Bank (Bank Danych Lokalnych – [BDL]). The analysis made it possible to determine the share of European funds in the total income as well as activities financed from the budgets of European funds. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that European funds do not occupy a significant place in total income, and their share in the income of individual communes varies. Looking at the purpose of these funds, this was also varied and it is not possible to indicate in general terms the specific scope of activities carried out by communes with EU support. Those surveyed selected the scope of projects according to their preferences. On the other hand, it can be pointed out that under EU co-financing, activities related to infrastructure predominate. In addition, it was confirmed that larger urban centers obtain more European funds. However, when converting the value of funds into per capita, the highest indicator was recorded for Starachowice, which is the third largest settlement in the region in terms of population.

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EXPLORING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT IN E-COMMERCE

Author(s): Aleksei Nikivorov / Language(s): English Issue: XVI/2024

Blockchain technology has fundamentally transformed the landscape of digital transactions and data management, deeply influencing the domain of e-commerce. Its integration across various sectors has revolutionized the access to secure, transparent, and efficient transaction mechanisms, thereby promoting financial inclusivity and advancing contemporary business practices. Moreover, blockchain enables enhanced supply chain management, robust data protection, and the decentralization of marketplaces. The purpose of this article is to examine the multi-faceted impacts of blockchain technology on e-commerce effectiveness and to assess its potential as a cornerstone for digital transformation in commercial operations. Utilizing a case study methodology, the research explores practical applications of blockchain in e-commerce, particularly focusing on systems like the IBM Food Trust for improving supply chain transparency and consumer trust. The study employs a comparative analysis to delineate the effects of blockchain on operational efficiency and consumer satisfaction. While the findings acknowledge the profound short-term benefits of blockchain implementation, they also highlight significant challenges related to scalability and regulatory frameworks that could affect long-term integration. The article concludes that continued innovation and regulatory evolution are essential for blockchain to become a major driver of economic competitiveness and digital transformation in the global market.

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Polityka zakupowa państwa jako cel zamówień publicznych

Author(s): Agnieszka Marek-Bielawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article focuses on the role of state purchasing policy as the primary aim of public procurement in Poland, considering its key aspects and impact on various spheres of economic activity. It presents detailed analyses of strategic objectives, legal regulations, and implementation practices, demonstrating the complexity and signiﬁcance of this process for the way the public procurement market functions. The main research objective of the article is to understand the role that state purchasing policy plays in shaping the structure of the public procurement market and its impact on the efficiency of public expenditure and the economic development of the country. Through the analysis of empirical data and observations gathered from various sectors of the economy, the article seeks to illustrate how effective purchasing policy can support market competitiveness, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship development. The article analyzes the state purchasing policy as a key goal of public procurement, and presents its impact on the economy, competitiveness and sustainable development, emphasizing the efficiency, transparency and innovation of procedures.However, the article not only highlights the positive aspects of purchasing policy but also identiﬁes challenges associated with it. Among them are combating corruption, ensuring the transparency of processes, and promoting fair competition. The ﬁndings presented may serve as a valuable source of information for political decision-makers and practitioners involved in public procurement management, aiming to improve the Polish public procurement system in the context of changing economic and social trends on the international stage.

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INCOTERMS (SVEOBUHVATNI PREGLED)

Author(s): Mirza Dinarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2024

Although business in Bosnia and Herzegovina does not neccesarily require the frequent use of International Commercial Rules (Incoterms), these rules certainly can have pragmatic applications for those who do use them in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is important to know that Incoterms is not a generic name for any international trade term, but a trademark used to brand the rules designed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). For example in the United States, one of the world's largest economic powers, a different set of trade terms is used. These Terms of Carriage are set forth in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). Delivery under the UCC is an intangible concept and occurs when and where the seller voluntarily transfers beneficial ownership of the goods to the buyer. Upon delivery, ownership and risk of loss are transferred to the buyer. It is in the buyer's best interest to carefully negotiate the terms of carriage, as the UCC favors the seller when the terms are not specified. But it is also fundamentally different from the concept used by the ICC. Buying and selling goods in the international trade system can often be complex, therefore it is necessary to clearly define responsibilities, costs and risks for all participants in the process. Whether it's filling out an order form, packaging or labeling a shipment, or preparing a certificate of origin, these rules have become part of our everyday language in commerce and are there to guide us. The ICC maintains and develops these rules, ever since they were first published in 1936 until today. To help companies prepare for global trade in the next century, the latest edition of Incoterms 2020 came into force on 1 January 2020 and should be used in all upcoming activities. The specifics of Incoterms, parities, contain a series of trade terms consisting of three letters, with very precise meanings for the sale of goods around the world, these will be clarified in this paper.

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Students’ Perceptions of Workplace Robots in the Republic of Serbia

Author(s): Jelena Lukić Nikolić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Research Question: The key research question is what the key positive and negative perceptions of students from the Republic of Serbia regarding workplace robots are. Motivation: Academics, practitioners, and decision-makers are more and more interested in the impact of new technological solutions in the field of robotics on organizations and their functioning. Ongoing technological advancements have accelerated the adoption and use of robots in the workplace. As a result, organizations that plan to introduce robots should consider all effects on employees, both positive and negative. Idea: The main idea is to examine and analyse the perceptions and attitudes of students from the Republic of Serbia regarding robots at the workplace. The results of this study regarding students' perceptions and attitudes towards robots in the workplace are crucial for the future of work and job design. Data: Data were collected via online questionnaire consisting of five profile questions and 13 statements organized in two five-point Likert scales. From January to March 2023, the questionnaire was completed by 164 students from the Republic of Serbia. Tools: The collected answers were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences – SPSS, version 21.0. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation). The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics, student t-test and one-way ANOVA test was used for data analysis. Findings: Research results showed that most respondents believe that robots can do dangerous jobs that humans cannot, that robots can free humans from routine and monotonous jobs, and that humans will have more time for creative tasks. Robots in the workplace, on the other hand, will have some negative consequences. Many respondents agree that working with robots without people would make them feel lonely; robots would not know how to react in some unexpected circumstances; and they are not as flexible and mobile as humans. Contribution: The findings of this study could make a significant contribution to a better understanding of students’ attitudes towards robots in the workplace and they may help decision makers, employers, leaders, and managers on how to increase workplace acceptance of robots.

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