Poissonniers et Marchands de Poisson Salé dans l’Antiquité Classique

Author(s): Iulia Dumitrache / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

L’ouvrage est une revue des sources littéraires, épigraphiques et papyrologiques qui mentionnent des personnages impliqués, d’une manière ou d’une autre, dans les activités liées à la transformation et à la distribution du poisson salé dans l’Antiquité classique. Si les sources littéraires proviennent majoritairement du milieu hellénophone et présentent notamment la manière dont ces activités ont été reçues dans l’esprit collectif, les autres sont des témoignages du mode de représentation de ces individus, seuls ou au sein d’associations professionnelles. De même, si pour l’ouest du bassin méditerranéen on parle davantage du commerce de poisson salé, les régions orientales, ainsi que le bassin pontique, montrent une plus grande propension aux activités halieutiques, donc liées à la pêche.

Book review of: Silver, N. (2017). Finance, Society and Sustainability: How to Make the Financial System Work for the Economy, People and Planet.

Author(s): Justus Biryomumeisho / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Book review of: Silver, N. (2017). Finance, Society and Sustainability: How to Make the Financial System Work for the Economy, People and Planet.

REDESIGN OF THE PROCESSES IN THE BULGARIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION – THEORETICAL ASPECT

Author(s): Kalin Boyanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Bulgarian society today is faced with the inefficiency that characterizes modern public administration, a topic that concerns quite a few specialized scientists as well as ordinary citizens. This article highlights the urgent need to revise the procedures by extending and simplifying them. The method for reducing problematic administrative procedures is presented, as well as the attempt to increase their efficiency through bibliographic analysis of relevant concepts, with the aim of their redesign and simplification. Simplification of procedures is a quality tool that supports administrative reform in a decisive way. It is addressed to the citizens, but mostly to the employees of the public administration, for whom the dysfunction and lack of common sense in the work of the modern Bulgarian state become a daily routine.

Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Conduct of Monetary Policy by Central Banks

Author(s): Sonya Georgieva / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become increasingly important in central banks’ policy-making and monetary policy-making processes. The global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as various other episodes of high economic uncertainty since the turn of the millennium have adjusted central banks to a number of serious challenges and have led to the expansion of these mandates and emerging and exploiting new and extensive data. The study briefly notes on this as a big database (big data) and applications of AI/ML-based techniques that can provide support on monetary policy decisions, especially during times of uncertainty in the economy, referring to the latest research in this area. Also, concrete examples based on the creation of big data and AI/ML techniques applied in the activities of the European Central Bank and other central banks in Europe and the rest of the world are considered and analyzed. The analysis reveals that big data and AI/ML methods have demonstrated successful utility in conducting monetary policy by central banks. Although useful as a complement, these tools cannot be regarded as replacements for conventional data and methods due to issues related to statistics, the ability to interpret outcomes and ethical dilemmas.

Society 5.0 and the Japanese Consumer Behaviour

Author(s): Konstantin Ivanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article addresses the behaviour of the Japanese consumer and the impact the country’s gradual shift to Society 5.0 will have on it. The publication is one part of the research conducted on Society 5.0 and its effect on the Japanese business sphere. The aim is to examine current Japanese consumer behaviour using data gathered from the World Bank and different consulting agencies and predict the changes that will occur as technology progresses. The research finds that companies in Japan can attract more customers by implementing virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence and other key aspects of Society 5.0. However, further research on the topic will need to be conducted in the following years as humanity has not yet entered Society 5.0 and all of the abovementioned innovations are still in their infant stage.

Tourism of the future - opportunities and challenges of smart technologies and digitalization

Author(s): Sebastien Bourdin,Stanislav Ivanov,Leïla KEBIR,Oana Mihaela STOLERIU / Language(s): English Issue: SI/2023

In recent years, the tourism sector has undergone a significant transformation, driven by the rise of technology and digitalization. Whereas travel was once seen as an escape from everyday life, it is now augmented and enriched by a wide range of digital tools that shape every stage of the traveler's experience (Ahmad et al., 2023).

Съвременното състояние на колективното управление на авторски и сродни права в България

Author(s): Mehti Melikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

This article presents the current state of the collective management of rights in Bulgaria, formed as a result of the transposition of Directive 2014/26/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the collective management of rights. The subjects of collective management and their economic model are traced. The nature of the position of collective management organizations (CMOs) as an "economic monopoly" is explained. A special emphasis is placed on the relationship between CMOs and the "traders" in the system of collective management – the so-called “independent management entities” (IMEs). After examining the economic prerequisites and the market reaction to the presence of commercial entities in the settlement of rights, a conclusion is made regarding the need for further in-depth analyses of the effects on the system of collective management of rights. In this regard, some significant differences in the economic models of the CMOs and the IMEs are also indicated, so these should be considered.

Интервю с г-н Веселин Тодоров: изпълнителен директор на Сиела Норма АД

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Effects of social media on restaurant visit intention and willingness to pay more: generation Z

Author(s): Sercan Aras / Language(s): English Issue: SI/2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social media reviews on restaurant visit intention and willingness to pay more. Research data were obtained from Turkey between January-March 2023 by using a questionnaire. The data obtained from 404 questionnaires were analysed by using PLS-SEM. The findings revealed the positive effect of the attitude toward social media reviews on restaurant visit intention and on the willingness to pay more. In addition, it has been observed that there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, information quality, and attitude.

Ефективност на производствените фактори по отношение на брутната добавена стойност в България

Author(s): Konstantin Kolev,Maya Tsoklinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) oriented to input resources under variable returns to scale, the efficiency of production factors by administrative-territorial areas of Bulgaria as of 2021 in terms of gross value added (GVA) has been assessed. It is established that the factors of production are used effectively in only five of the 28 districts of Bulgaria. These efficiency regions are Vratsa, Gabrovo, Sofia, Sofia (capital) and Stara Zagora. The average value of the efficiency coefficient is 0.8178 and shows that the produced GVA in Bulgaria in 2021 should be achieved on average with 18.22% less production factors than the used ones – costs for acquiring fixed assets and employed persons. In connection with the latter, it is rational to direct production factors toward economic activities in which there are competitive advantages and potential for development on the territory of the respective area.

За персонализираното обучение по счетоводни учебни дисциплини във висше училище

Author(s): Gergana Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The issue of personalized education in accounting disciplines in higher schools is posed in the present paper, rather to provoke interest in the topic than to categorically formulate answers. The author’s goal is to attempt to outline the degree of opportunity for personalized education versus mass education in accounting disciplines and to reveal some potential advantages of implementing this approach.

Функционални стратегии в публичния сектор

Author(s): Bozhidar Babadzhanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2023

Municipal strategies are a type of planning documents, along with plans for integrated development of municipalities, programs and projects. However, they have their own specificity that distinguishes them from the strategies developed by other organizations. The adoption of strategic decisions by municipalities must not be subordinated to the personal or group interest of a company or non-governmental organization, but to the benefit of all interested persons and be related to finding a compromise between the requirements of economic, social and environmental criteria and indicators. This compromise must meet not only the interests of the citizens of the municipality at the moment, but also protect the interests of future generations, i.e. to achieve sustainable development. The emphasis that the author places in this work on the functional strategies developed at the municipal level is conditioned by the understanding that they regulate the policy of the organization from the public sector in relation to the performance of the various functions attributed to it by the legislation and by-laws.

Методи за мотивация на служителите

Author(s): Kristian Tashev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2023

Employee motivation has been a topic under consideration for many years. There exist various methods and practices for motivating and managing people, and over the years, it has been proven that due to the diversity of individuals, different methods and approaches need to be applied. The manuscript aims to summarize the most significant motivational theories that are used in one form or another and continue to serve as the foundation for the development and enhancement of newer and more modern approaches. These theories have been studied and validated numerous times, often subject to criticism, yet consistently demonstrating their effectiveness in various cases. They frequently feature in training programs, educational materials, and orientations for new leaders of teams and individuals.

FEATURES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SYSTEMS AND OUR ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GEO-URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Mihaela Georgieva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper is devoted to issues related to the definition of the spatial landscape framework of urban systems development. The introduction includes some aspects of spatial planning and legal provisions related to spatial planning and the various zoning and development policies that apply in the modern nation-state. The author's views on the influence of landscape on spatial development are also presented. Next, an analysis is made of the incorporation of regional science to assess and analyze the spatial development of urban systems and how this differs from a purely urban planning approach to our surroundings. Specific features of landscape and regional science are discussed. Particular aspects of policy implementation related to the analysis and features of urban space research and development are highlighted, and leading authors and researchers are mentioned. The urban focus of spatial policies is then outlined. The conclusion summarises the author's views on the importance of urban processes for contemporary regional development and spatial governance.

ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY AND MODELS FOR FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA

Author(s): Ruslan Kolarov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This paper is an attempt to analyse and evaluate the models for forestry development in Bulgaria. It is important to bear in mind that the structure of forest ownership is predominantly state-owned, which requires and necessitates that the state takes on the main functions in formulating and implementing forest policy, ensuring the strategic management of the sector through the development and implementation of strategies, plans and programmes at different levels and the role of state institutions and their structures in policy implementation, management and control. In this direction, it is discussed how far the state can go without going into specific examples. Important is the structured model, which is assumed to be in line with European forestry policies. At the same time, measures and the implementation of specific activities and policies are proposed to demonstrate the better management of the sector and its vitality. In this paper we seek to develop a methodological framework for structuring and functionally managing forestry with an accompanying assessment and analysis of the management structure.

A View of the Future of the Metaverse Economy on the Basis of the Global Financial System: New Opportunities and Risks

Author(s): Selim Şanlisoy,Tuğberk Çiloğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The burgeoning Metaverse represents an unprecedented technology frontier that is poised to redefine our financial, societal, and cultural paradigms. This research introduces a new economic term, Metanomics, to the academic discourse by conceptualizing an economic structure in which the virtual needs of humans and virtual entities are met in virtual universes, production, distribution and finance processes are designed for this purpose and interact with the real universe. A profound examination of the potential sectoral, macroeconomic, and financial repercussions of Metanomics has been carried out. Expected improvements in sectors like education, healthcare, and tourism include increased productivity, emergence of new job roles, cost efficiencies, and heightened profitability. On the macroeconomic front, an escalation in total factor productivity, employment opportunities, and growth rates is anticipated. The unique aspect of this system pertains to its potential influence on the financial landscape. Novel financial institutions wielding innovative financial instruments are forecasted to emerge in the Metaverse. Consequently, a new arena of financial transactions linking the virtual and real-world economies is predicted to emerge, causing an expansion of the financial transaction volume in the real world. These transactions, primarily facilitated by cryptocurrencies, will contribute to an accelerated globalization process. Therefore, this research endeavours to forecast the ways the Metaverse might reshape future financial systems, predict the repercussions of these interplays on the global economy, delineate potential risks and opportunities, and propose relevant policy recommendations.

Инфлуенсърите като създатели на стойностно бранд съдържание

Author(s): Aleksandar Hristov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The text substantiates the need to change the understanding of influencers in the contemporary digital environment and their role in creating and promoting brand content. The main statement is that one of the reasons why influencers are developing is that they are trying to create valuable content, including for companies. And the attention within these collaborations is shifting from the number of followers and engagement to the content developed. This, together with authenticity, has the potential to lead to long-term communication benefits for them, for companies, and for society as a whole.

MJERENЈE KOMPLEMENTARNOSTI I SLIČNOSTI STRUKTURE ROBNE RAZMJENE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE UNUTAR CEFTA-E, S POSEBNIM NAGLASKOM NA REPUBLIKU SRBIJU I REPUBLIKU SRPSKU

Author(s): Goran Ćetojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) finds itself at a turning point in its development, with a focus on its path towards European Union (EU) membership. Since 2015, BiH has made significant progress by signing the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU, adopting the Reform Agenda for 2018-2020, and obtaining permission to export dairy products to the EU. However, questions arise about BiH's export competitiveness and readiness for EU accession. Analyzing BiH's export competitiveness compared to CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement) member countries is crucial. Despite a similar per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), BiH faces challenges in maintaining competitiveness in that market. While there is a lack of research on CEFTA beyond 2012, there are indications that member countries prioritize trade relations with the EU over intra-CEFTA trade due to their desire to join the EU. In conclusion, BiH must work on improving its export structure and diversifying production to achieve competitiveness within CEFTA and fulfill its goal of EU accession.

ADAPTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT IN FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES: INTEGRATION OF STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIONS IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

Author(s): Grazyna Kacicka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article examines modern approaches and innovations in risk management at food industry enterprises. The focus is on the development of a comprehensive, multi-level risk management mechanism that combines both traditional and advanced methods of risk analysis, assessment, and minimization. The study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to identifying both external and internal risks, including monitoring market trends, political and environmental changes, and operational processes. Special attention is given to the development of flexible and adaptive risk management strategies capable of rapid modification in response to changes in the external environment and encompassing various response scenarios. The article highlights the significance of integrating modern technologies and analytical tools into the risk management process, including the use of big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning for accurate forecasting and risk assessment. The author of the article points to the need to enhance the culture of risk management at all levels of the enterprise, including regular training and increasing employee awareness. The article underlines the importance of regular monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the risk management system, as well as maintaining open communication with stakeholders and regular reporting on the state of risks and measures taken. Particular attention is paid to continuous improvement and integration of innovations to enhance the effectiveness of the risk management system, defining the significance and innovation of the integrated approach. The research results present significant interest for forming the theoretical basis of risk management, as well as for practical application in a real business environment, contributing to the formation of more resilient and innovative enterprises in the food industry.

IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC EFFECTS ON ECONOMIC INDEXES OF TOURISM

Author(s): Lidiya Romanova,Mykola Povoroznyk,Natalia Shamrai,Andrei Filipovski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article assess the direct impact of the consequences of the global crisis initiated by the pandemic caused by COVID-19 virus on the most sensitive to restrictions on movement industry - tourism. Considering the methods of rehabilitation of the industry, world community expectations for the immediate future are given. Also assessing the economic damage to countries which economies are closely interconnected with tourist flows and capital.