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SPORTSKI TURIZAM NACIONALNOG PARKA TARA

Author(s): Miloš Čolić,Ana Gavrilović,Uroš Selenić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

National parks are the most famous tourist destinations in Serbia. Tara National Park is one of the few mountain centers with a long tradition of stationary and excursion tourism. Sports and recreation are present, as additional program contents, then sports competitions, manifestations, or excursion activities of smaller groups and individuals. In this work, the focus was on a better description of natural characteristics and anthropogenic values, a detailed description of the structure and current state of the tourist and sports infrastructure, sources of human resources, and the existing offer of sports and recreational contents and events in the protected area. However, one of the conclusions is that sports and recreation in Tara National Park are not at the level of sports and recreational tourism. An adequate scientific study followed by systematic application is necessary. That is why this work is also an invitation to scientific workers to pay more attention to sports and recreational tourism in Tara.

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Tort Liability for Environmental Pollution

Author(s): Majd Waleed Manasra,Said Al Mamari,Ashraf Mohamad Gharibeh,Muhammad Najm,Anan Shawqi Younes,Ahmad Hussein Alsharqawi / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

This research is concerned with stating the legal provisions set for tort liability of environmental Pollution as stated by the Environmental Protection Law No. 6 of 2017 and its amendments. In fact, and at the beginning, the research approached the definitions of each of the terms of environmental Pollution, types, and sources of ecological Pollution according to the methodology of the Jordanian legislators. Further, the Environmental Protection Law No. 6 of 2017 and its amendments and Jordanian Civil Law No. (43) Of 1976 were analyses, after which the elements on which the tort liability is based were concluded, followed by examining some of the cases presented to the Jordanian judiciary.

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The Current State of Food Security in Kazakhstan, in the Context of Eurasian Economic Union. Environmentally Overview in the Case of Climate Change's Scenarios

Author(s): Darima Zhenskhan,Alexandr Pyagay,Roza Bespayeva,Maulet Kadrinov,Zhibek Omarkhanova,Asiya Tatikova / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

In the context of changing climatic factors, for the purpose of food security, it is necessary to use certain quantitative components of the global food system. This research article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan in connection with the Eurasian Economic Union, including the agricultural system of the countries of Eurasia and food trade, an analysis of the main indicators of agriculture and their spatial and temporal characteristics from 1991 to 2021. The profound impact of COVID-2019 on food systems has been described. We scientifically substantiate the importance of maintaining a balance of interests of the common market for agricultural products and protecting the sovereignty of the states that are members of the EAEU, in the context of assuring measures to ensure food security and climate changes. Taking into consideration the main economic indicators of the agro-industrial complex, we will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the volume of agricultural production determine the level of per capita consumption of basic food products. Despite the achievements of Kazakhstan in the agricultural sector in spatial and temporal changes, we identify specific problems that negatively affect the growth of its production potential. As a result, we will reveal the causes of price instability, the lack of access to socially significant goods in Kazakhstan, and also offer some ways to solve these in the conditions of climate changes.

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Greenhouse Gas Trading Scheme in the Republic of Kazakhstan - Seven Years from Its Creation, Problems and Solutions

Author(s): Marat Kozhikov,Bauyrzhan Kapsalyamov / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

The article studies the greenhouse gas trading scheme in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research analyzes an international experience in the sphere of greenhouse gas emissions trading and identifies the main provisions which are fundamental for the efficient work of emissions trading schemes. The work of the Kazakhstan greenhouse gas trading scheme was examined through these key provisions. Materials represent the work of emissions trading schemes in several countries, and, particularly, in the Republic of Kazakhstan. For a more detailed study, further directions were proposed to improve the work of the emissions trading scheme.

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Environmental Awareness and Environmental Management Practices: Mediating Effect of Environmental Data Distribution

Author(s): Muhammad Syaiful Saehu,Ahyar Muhammad Diah,Felix Julca-Guerrero,Rosario Huerta-Soto,Lorenzo Valderrama-Plasencia / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

This study investigates how environmental awareness of suppliers affects the distribution of products and services and management performance of environmental data using three key indicators: MPI (Management Performance Indicator), OPI (Operational Indicator Index), ECI (Environmental Condition Indicator). In order to prove these relations, the research models and hypotheses were established. After collecting 295 samples of effective responses from suppliers, an experimental analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling. The main findings reveals that the environmental awareness of suppliers influence the distribution and the representation of environmental data to the management with mediating effect on the relationship between suppliers and environment. This study has important significances: an academic one, that the scope of environmental awareness was extended from the consumer to the organizational perspective, especially to suppliers; another practical due that it has increased environmental awareness of suppliers improving the environmental management performance; and also, an educational with positive implications for the dissemination of environmental information.

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Improving the Efficiency of the National Healthcare as Oriented Sustainable System. The Socio-Economic Aspects and Environmental Issues

Author(s): Bakhytzhan Smailov,Roza ANDAROVA,Gulvira Akybayeva,Yelena Gordeyeva,Sagynysh Mambetova,Nikolay Gelashvili / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

Based on a review of existing approaches, the article substantiates the nature of medical services as a mixed public good in relation with the sustainability of our society. In this regard, the typology of the modern healthcare sector is investigated on the basis of detailing the theoretical constructs underlying the applied models in response to their organizational mechanism. It is established that the target of all applied models of organization of the healthcare system is to search for optimal productivity. Medical efficiency of healthcare generates organizational effectiveness of therapeutic measures, social efficiency – the accessibility to medical services, economic efficiency – resource efficiency, environmental efficiency – overall sustainability of the healthcare system. The findings of this research outline that the ideal model of the healthcare system, besides the fact that should have a high medical, social and economic efficiency, should also be an environmentally oriented sustainable system which will allow healthy life also for the next generations.

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Funkcjonowanie instytucji publicznych w percepcji sadowników z regionu sandomierskiego w okresie pandemii COVID-19

Author(s): Zbigniew M. Karaczun,Piotr Swacha,Tomasz Herudziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 64/2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of social life and the economy. The aim of the article is to present the opinion of growers from the Sandomierz region on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fruit production, as well as to determine their sense of agency (impact on local and national matters) and to indicate their point of view about public institutions and non-governmental organizations’ support for Polish agriculture. The quantitative and qualitative study was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The obtained results indicate that the impact of the pandemic on the fruit growers was not significant. Nevertheless, fruit producers consider the support of public institutions as insufficient, and at the same time formulate high expectations towards them.

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Financing the Agricultural Sector of the Economy and Its Impact on Sustainable Environmental Aspects

Author(s): Aina Aidarova,Gulbana Maulenkulova,Marzhan Daurbaeva,Mazken Kamenova,Baglan Aimurzina,Sanim Janbirbaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

Features of the agricultural sector are closely related to biological and natural-climatic processes and depend on the seasonality of economic activity, i.e. directly depend on climatic factors as the main source of production of land resources, the agro-industrial complex. An analysis of the state of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan shows some important problems related to the influence of environmental factors on the agro-industrial complex, as well as on financial relations in this sector, based on the basic principles that reflect the objective requirements for the development of public finances and environmental relations, for the rational distribution of agricultural products, which is associated with the need for financing and rational planning for the use of investments attracted to agriculture.

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Environmental Indemnity: Seeking Effective Mechanisms for Ensuring the Participation of Law Enforcement Agencies

Author(s): Askar Kanatovich Alibayev,Sabigul Dzhanabayevna Bekisheva,Judith Josefina Hernández García,Ana Cecilia Chumaceiro Hernandez,Alisher Serikbolovich Ibrayev / Language(s): English Issue: 5(61)/2022

Currently, there is an increase in the number of environmental violations and the environmental damage they cause. The article presents the results of the study of the legal framework and the practice of law enforcement to determine environmental damage, its scope, and possible compensation. The objective is to define the powers, functions, and roles of the agencies responsible for enforcing the law to guarantee environmental compensation. It is studied from the bibliographical, analytical, and critical review of the legal regulation, the practice of applying the law, and the scientific opinions on the compensation for damage to the environment. It is concluded that adequate environmental compensation depends directly on the activities of law enforcement agencies to identify and suppress environmental crimes and carry out administrative or criminal proceedings against offenders. The particularities of filing a civil lawsuit as a tool to repair the damage caused by an environmental crime are considered, focused on organizational and legal issues that negatively affect the effectiveness of environmental rights protection, as mentioned above, including the environmental incompetence of those who investigate crimes in that sphere and the shortcomings of judicial practice in determining the environmental damage. The main mechanisms to ensure the participation of law enforcement agencies in the calculation of environmental compensation, which has been developed in world practice, are presented. The authors made proposals for improving the existing organizational and legal framework and leveling the shortcomings of law enforcement practice.

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Interest Charges and the “Said” Ageing-related Expenditures: A Study of OECD Countries

Author(s): Zapji Ymélé Aimé Philombe Zapji Ymélé Aimé Philombe / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to evaluate whether the interest charges on public debt could be a threat for the "said" ageing expenditures. This study attempts to analyze the effects of debt burdens known as interest charges in relation to the pensions and health care spending. The "said" ageing expenditures since the debate on this issue doesn’t allow us to say that these expenses are totally linked to ageing. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts an ordinary least squares analysis based on panel and cross-sectional data covering the period 2000-2020. The data are extracted from OECD statistic and from Eurostat statistic database. The research performs an analysis on 33 OECD countries.The dependents variables are pensions and health care spendings on GDP. The key independent variable is the interest charges. Other additional variables are included in the analysis that we can find in the text. Findings: The results of this study remain ambiguous and call for further study. Nevertheless, based on the current data, there is every reason to believe that, at present, expenditures on interest charges would not crowd out spending on pensions and health care. However, the significance of the demographic variables (old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio), and the increase in these ratios in the projections, point to a potential risk of collapse of the pension and health care systems. Research limitations/implications: The main difficulty encountered in this study was the collection of empirical literature dealing with our topic. Many papers used in our empirical literature was not always in relation with the topic of our research. Our challenge was to create the relation with those analyses to propose something original. Originality/value: We propose an innovative study, by proposing the analysis of debt charges in relation to pensions and health care expenditures. Several approaches in the same direction have used other parameters to analyze the costs of ageing, notably the debt to GDP ratio. We integrate other demographic variables such as the dependency ratio, macroeconomic indicators such as the savings rate. All these elements constitute the originality of our study.

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Връзка между лидерство и благополучие на работното място – доказателства от Европейското социално изследване

Author(s): Elena Koulova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Subjective and emotional well-being attracts the attention of Bulgarian and foreign authors who focus on various research approaches. In the context of the complex conceptual nature of well-being, the role of leadership as a factor in employee satisfaction in work teams stands out. In this article, the relationship between specific leadership approaches and well being at work will be surveyed in 10 European countries – Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Finland, France, Lithuania, Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Hungary. The analysis confirms that there is a relationship between employee satisfaction and a) support from managers regarding the balance between work and personal commitments and b) managers’ willingness to give work-related help or advice, if needed. Leadership with understanding of employees’ need for balance in their lives has been shown to be a significant predictor of well-being. Work related professional help and advice also correlates positively with satisfaction at work. A lot of studies confirm that higher levels of work-related well-being are associated with greater labor productivity. The present analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the significant role of leaders at different management levels in achieving organizational goals through successful models of interaction with employees. The study of leadership and its relationship to employee well-being provides new opportunities for successful management practices.

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Проблемни области при приложението на проектния подход на управление в бизнес организациите от корпоративен тип

Author(s): Daniela Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The knowledge and application of the project approach is the basis of the adaptation of business organizations to the constantly changing conditions of the external environment. The purpose of the article is, based on the results of the analysis of the conducted empirical study, to present the main challenges in the application of the project management approach in corporate-type business organizations in Bulgaria.In this regard, basic theoretical propositions related to corporations and the project management approach are derived; the methodology of the conducted empirical research is presented; the challenges related to the adoption of the project approach and the factors that determine them are brought out.

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Портфейлна оптимизация с UPM/LPM алгоритъм за частните пенсионни фондове

Author(s): Milena Beneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Global environmental problems and climate changes in recent decades have brought to the fore the questions related to the sustainable development of economies and the impact of these processes on the long-term returns of widely diversified portfolios. Consideration of all risk factors and potential opportunities is key to the investments of pension funds, which are called to act “in the best interest” of beneficiaries, providing secure and stable income.To unlock their potential to finance the economy’s low-carbon transition, pension funds must be convinced that the financial characteristics of green assets match the profile they are looking for and have a good understanding of their benefits and risks. The current paper aims to research the effect of including green assets in the portfolio of voluntary private pension funds in Bulgaria, applying the UPM/LPM model for portfolio optimization. The model is highly configurable to multiple constraints, operates without assumptions about the distribution of asset returns, and “captures” the various utility functions of investors.

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Динамичен детерминиран факторен анализ по усреднения метод на верижните замествания

Author(s): Veselin Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This article presents the applicability of the averaged chain substitution method for performing dynamic deterministic factor analysis. The averaged chain substitution method is the only universal and accurate method for deterministic factor analysis of multiple factor models and of factor models containing a multiple element. The author’s previous and new mathematical expressions for the quantitative determination of the individual factor influences of the participating factor variables over the variation of their result indicator for all types of deterministic factor models containing up to four factor variables are systematized by types of factor models in tabular form. The purpose of this article is to reveal the applicability and accuracy of the averaged chain substitution method for the needs of dynamic deterministic factor analysis.

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ОЦЕНЯВАНЕ НА РЪКОВОДИТЕЛИТЕ ОТ ТЕХНИТЕ ПОДЧИНЕНИ - ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗА ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ В БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДЪРЖАВНА СЛУЖБА

Author(s): Adelina Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The assessment of managers by their subordinates is an important element of modern managerial culture. Currently, this evaluation tool is still not applied in the performance appraisal system of civil servants in Bulgaria. However, on a voluntary basis it can find practical implementation in the activities of individual administrations. It can be applied through an anonymous survey, which covers several groups of competencies: what are these competencies and why they should be assessed by subordinates are the subject of analysis in this article.

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ОЦЕНЯВАНЕ ОТ РАВНИТЕ ПО СТАТУС – ТЕОРЕТИЧНИ ПРЕДПОСТАВКИ VS ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ В БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДЪРЖАВНА СЛУЖБА

Author(s): Adelina Borisova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

Peer appraisal enables teammates to participate in the performance appraisal system. This type of evaluation belongs to the modern evaluation practice based on 360-degree feedback. Peer appraisal reduces subjectivity in evaluation, but also creates a number of challenges for all parties involved. The article analyzes the theoretical model of peer appraisal in relation to the current practice of including more participants in the civil servant’s assessment in Bulgaria.

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ПАЗАРНИТЕ ДЕФЕКТИ В СПОДЕЛЕНАТА ИКОНОМИКА

Author(s): Daniela Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

In response to the global economic crisis of 2007-2008, an increasingly large part of consumption and production is directed to the so-called "sharing economy". The sharing economy is considered a social, political and economic transformation that is “democratizing how we produce, consume, govern, and solve social problems” (Llewellyn & Gorenflo, 2016). The purpose of the present study is to answer the questions of whether and how market failures manifest themselves in the sharing economy and in how the state intervention could help to resolve them.

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ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА ПОЛИТИКА ПОД НАТИСКА НА КРИЗИТЕ ОТ ЗДРАВЕН И ВОЕНЕН ХАРАКТЕР – ОВЛАДЯВАНЕ НА ЕКЗОГЕННИТЕ ШОКОВЕ

Author(s): Shteryo Nozharov,Petya Koralova Nozharova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Since 2020, exogenic (external) shocks began alternating, which fact influences both the business cycle and the economic growth rate. After the continuous COVID-19 pandemic, which devastated the national economies, a military conflict in Europe. This imposes that the Bulgarian economic policy needs to be urgently reconsidered and the main accent to be put over its respond to exogenously caused crises and achievement of catching-up economic growth.

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СОЦИАЛЕН ДИАЛОГ НА ОСНОВАТА НА ИЗМЕРИМИ ИНДИКАТОРИ

Author(s): Desislava Yaneva,Vasil Kirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Improving the industrial relations regulation is a key factor for dealing with the challenges in a dynamically changing environment, influenced by various globalization processes. The social dialogue might play an important role for such regulation, but in the Bulgarian context it doesn’t rely on data and measurable indicators on which base the tripartite partners to take informed decisions. The analysis of the results of an author’s research with semi-structured interview and survey shows the expectations of the social partners and formulates examples of indicators to lead to an evidence - based dialogue.

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Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 pandemic on migration and the situation of migrants - the case of Poland

Author(s): Cezary Żołędowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 65/2022

The article undertakes statistical and sociological analysis of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for external migrations involving Poland. Its aim is to show the changes in the scale of migration and the socio-economic situation of migrants. The text uses the available statistical data, reports and research results. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrations turned out to be relatively small, especially in the statistical dimension. The inhibition of immigration was temporary, while the number of Polish citizens abroad decreased. The pandemic affected the socioeconomic situation of migrants more than the size of the displacements. Due to limited language competences and familiarity with Polish institutions, difficulties in accessing the labor market and social services were felt more strongly by them, especially by those staying in Poland for the shortest time and outside the labor market. The increased need for access to health care and social support has at the same time become a factor increasing legal employment of foreigners.

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