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The main goal of the present work is to define the basic characteristic positioning a tourist destination in the tourism market. Theory of constrains (TOC) is examined and opportunity of its application in tourism destination management. Conclusions are made on the burden of key indicators restricted the development of tourism destinations.
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This paper aims to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and higher education. The research is based on the theoretical framework and real examples, detected from the social media channels and universities’ websites. The positive relationship comes from the point universities realize that it is a competitive market in terms of creating an on going stream of satisfied alumni, attracting new students and addressing the concerns of business supporters. Thus, to survive the structures of higher education in Bulgaria needs a competitive advantage, such as applying new business model which incorporates CSR. The paper provides a brief review of CSR practices of few foreign universities which the author considers as great suggestions for the universities in Bulgaria.
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Satisfaction can be defined as a derivative of a sense of conformity between the motives, attitudes to work, the level of expectations, requirements for results and the possibility of their implementation. It’s complicated experience which is a consequence of the alignment of the personality with the environmental conditions and the assessment of the overall situation and an indicator of attitude to activity. The article presents the results of study at the item – “Which is the measure for satisfaction with the choice of academic speciality?” as a part of research on motivation for education and military activities in military formations of the example of the Vasil Levski National Military University, Bulgaria. The interviewees were cadets who graduated through the following academic years – 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016.
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The aim of this study is to derive and analyze the important changes in the production system and the main public institutions predetermined by the characteristics of knowledge economy. Being aware of the immensity of the knowledge economy research field, the current study does not purport to cover all its details. The emphasis is placed on the fundamental development factors having caused the changes in the speed of processes and spatial relatios on the basis of new technological achievements at the macro level.
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In the present report, esoteric tourism is considered as a tool of diversification of tourism offering in Bulgaria. They are presented potential points of interest for development of esoteric tourism and conditions forits practicing. At the end of the statement, it is submitted its binding with the sustainable development, which is also a crucial component for its popularization. They are made some practical suggestions for the approval of esoteric tourism, as a sustainable kind of tourism in Bulgaria.
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This article aims to study the effectiveness of the pension sector. As a result of the analysis are distinct levels of manifestation of the category in this area – efficiency pension system efficiency of pension models and efficiency of organizations engaged in funded pension schemes, as is revealed causal connection between them.
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Changes that occur in the attitudes and needs of society requires the implementation of amendments in the nature of business organizations - in the strategies of competitiveness, in understanding the importance of the relations and interactions that occur with their stakeholders, the management of human capital, understanding the importance the added value to the overall performance, which is reflected in constructs such as corporate culture, reputation, good management practices, which include the principles of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility.
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The development analyses some of the problems faced by managers in the large-scale organizations through five points of view – business as a part of our daily, personality of manager, working place, teamwork and humanity.
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The Iraqi economy is a rentier economy; it depends heavily on crude oil revenues to finance the federal general budget. Hence, when any volatility in crude oil prices occurs, it will directly affect public revenues, so the fiscal policy goes to exceptional resources to finance the budget, including the internal public debt. Based on the pertinent conversations, this paper aims to study the impact of volatility oil prices on internal public debt by applying (ICSS) and the wavelet approach on the monthly dataset covering the period between 2004 and 2021. we found many breakpoints in the time series; it was the same as an increase in the proportion of the internal public debt and debt returns and debt growth rate at a significant level of 5%. And then, we found that the positive impact between the volatility oil prices on internal public debt variables is identified by considerable alterations throughout time during the sample period. Therefore, the most important requirements for economic stability are to diversify the sources of public revenue and reduce dependence on crude oil as a major resource for the public budget to avoid any shocks in global oil prices.
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Murder usually causes death. Unconventional kinds of attacks on human life include the propagation of Coronavirus illness (COVID-19). According to the World Health Organization and medical specialists, COVID-19 is a lethal virus and a poisonous chemical, making its transmission a murderous act. Therefore, it is possible to have several criminal forms related to the transmission of COVID-19 to others. These forms vary according to the consequences resulting from the transmission of COVID-19, so the consequences may be death, which is expected due to this virus; if the victim cannot resist it, the consequences may most often cause harm to others. In addition, these criminal forms vary based on whether the mental element is purposeful or involuntary.
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Agricultural areas are extremely challenging as an object of administrative influence. The problems existing in agricultural areas cannot be overcome without research, the results of which can help managers to make effective decisions. The study aims to analyze the development of ecosystem stability as an instrument for managing agricultural territories in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Through the methods of focus groups and expert survey, the study identifies the key directions of activity to improve ecosystem stability as a tool for managing agricultural territories in Kazakhstan. The authors conclude that the problems of agricultural territory management require direct intervention of the state through the application of various instruments promoting the stability of the ecosystem of agricultural lands. Several directions of work are recommended to be developed to overcome the identified problems. First, the application of the ecosystem approach to the development of stability of agricultural land in Kazakhstan must focus on strengthening the system of innovative development and the management of effective integration of rural areas. The second recommendation suggests the improvement of land and water use based on the ecological-landscape approach. The third direction is the improvement of the quality of life in agricultural territories through better provision of public goods and basic services to the rural population. Furthermore, the regulatory influence of the state should extend not only to the economic sphere, but also to the adjacent spheres of human activity and the use of natural resources.
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This article considers the tools that form the organizational and financial basis for the green economy transition and the features of their application. Currently, most countries of the world have taken a course towards the green economy transition to ensure a decent life for society while preserving the environment. The study aims at seeking the most effective tools for managing such a transition in a certain order and on time. The article dwells on the state regulation of environmentally oriented industries and support for green investments, as well as social orientation towards the environment. A special emphasis is laid on market-based instruments for financing the development of the green economy, including green bonds. The authors of the article have presented a model of transition to green growth with minimum losses for commodity-exporting countries using special financial instruments that ensure the green economy transition for enterprises in the fuel and energy complex. They also have formed proposals for improving the regulatory potential of environmental legislation and the main objects influenced by the state environmental policy.
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Tourism as an industry, which is interdependent and influences several sectors of the economy, has the potential significantly to enhance global sustainability. One of the new paradigm of sustainable development is a circular economy. Circular economy principles include repurposing business for the benefit of society and the environment, replacing materials with renewable and natural resources, producing value from "waste," and using energy and resources efficiently. Digital technologies are considered as a catalyst and important supporter of movement to circularity. To find relationship between digital technologies and circular tourism a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature has been conducted in this study. For counting and visualization the authors, keywords and text in the abstracts co-occurrence we have used VOSviewer software.The findings shown tight links in the studies between two concepts and how they are interrelated. In this study, we defined the term “circular economy”, the most perspective digital solutions for creation circular tourism, and aspects pertaining to social effect, institutional reforms, and defining the role of the non-profit sector should not be disregarded in the development of circular tourism.In the drawn conclusion stated, that more empirical investigations are required to collaborate theories, models, and frameworks that have been produced, since the majority of studies are grounded in theory.
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The conception of sustainable tourism is comparatively new and only started to emerge in the 1980s, whereas nowadays, it became a prevalent theme of discussion for researchers and tourism policymakers. Since then, sustainable tourism is often referred to as the holy grail and ultimate solution to achieve a balanced outcome that equally emphasizes environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of tourism development. These factors are said to ensure active participation and assist in the process to create consensus amongst stakeholders. The tropical island of Phuket depends heavily on international tourism and generates most of its income from tourism receipts. Phuket developed quickly into a mass-tourism destination with its set of associated challenges derived from mass tourism. At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive account of perspectives from the tourism stakeholders, including indigenous people, local communities, visitors, industry, and government. Therefore, this review aims to serve as an insightful reference for policymakers and stakeholders that wish to affect change in the tourism industry for Thailand in general and Phuket specifically.
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Along with the increase in tourist destinations, hotels also increase, ranging from cheap to expensive ones. The promotion of the hotel was well done. However, the low quality of service resulted in the hotel losing guests. Excellence in the hospitality promotion sector is part of the hotel industry's success. For Muslim-majority countries, one of the influential factors in hotel selection is the Halal brand. This study aims to investigate the effect of Sharia-based hospitality hotels on competitive advantage and tourists' revisiting interest. This study uses the method of the Structural Equation Model (SEM). There were 140 respondents consisting of guests, staff, and managers of Shariah hotels in West Java, Indonesia. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. Hypothetical testing results showed that Shariah-based hospitality hotels significantly affect competitive advantage and tourists' revisiting interest. The competitive advantage significantly affects tourists' revisiting interests. Shariah-based hotel hospitality's creativity and innovation create superior competitiveness and foster interest in staying again. Shariah hotel marketing is not just advertising in digital media but also paying attention to customer feedback.
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The reforms initiated by the Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in October 1956 led to profound changes in Polish agricultural policy. The reforms affected three sectors of agricultural production: private, cooperative, and State-owned. The fees and charges levied on private farmers were reduced, and new regulations promoting the growth of the private agricultural sector were introduced. Peasants who did not join collective farms were no longer prosecuted, and the forceful establishment of agricultural cooperatives was abandoned. These reforms put an end to agricultural collectivization and resulted in massive dissolution of collective farms. Agricultural reforms decentralized management and empowered individual farmers who occupied the lowest level in the hierarchy of State Agricultural Farms. However, over time, small State-owned farms were merged into less efficient agricultural holdings.
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The modern era ushers in significant changes in the conventional method of achieving economic growth, bringing us to eco-efficiency in economic growth. Nowadays, eco-efficiency is becoming a measure of progress in green growth and an increasingly preferred way of using resources. Ecoefficiency has become a practical approach for businesses to contribute to sustainable development. The focus of the paper is on eco-efficiency and sustainable development in the agriculture sector. In this context, sustainability in the agricultural sector depends on the existence of ecoefficient production models. A number of parameters were researched with the aim of determining and comparing the development level as well as the level of realisation of sustainable development goals (SDG) in Central and Southeast Europe (CSEE). We used the method of a comparative analysis of SDG indicator values between different CSEE countries in order to assess the effectiveness of countries in advancing the goals of sustainable development. Since this is a relatively unknown indicator in Serbia, we also research to what extent the concept of eco-efficiency is implemented in the Serbian agricultural policy and strategic development documents. The research gave a basic framework for the answers to the question of how to improve Serbian agriculture based on the postulates set within the EU in order to comply with the SDG.
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The visualization of the strategic priorities of higher schools in the digital space is a key task of academic management in the modern conditions of a dynamic educational environment, digitalization and globalization. Proclaiming the official organizational culture on the Internet is essential for improving the image of educational institutions in the external environment and, respectively, for the demand for their services. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the official organizational culture of higher schools in Bulgaria publicized on the Internet and to reveal their common features, specifics and direction. The research tools used include descriptive statistical analysis, content analysis and comparison method. The obtained results show that the higher schools in Bulgaria demonstrate a high desire to publicize the official culture in the digital space, with the most actively proclaimed elements being the organizational mission and the history of the institutions.
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Motivation: According to the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS, 2020), Southeast-European countries are either modest or moderate innovators because they consistently innovate below the EU average. Given that innovation is a key driver of economic growth (Hasan & Tucci, 2010), this implies that Southeast Europe has been economically falling back while simultaneously politically integrating with the EU. However, the EIS categorizes countries according to the inconclusive arithmetic mean of indicators for firm-level innovation (bottom-up) and indicators for inputs and enablers of innovation at the national level (top-down). Besides, it does not separately assess innovation performance of high-technology industries although these are crucial for international competitiveness (Schwab, 2019). Consequently, this paper answers the following research question: What is innovation performance of high and medium-high technology industries in Southeast Europe in comparison to the EU average? Idea: In contrast to the EIS which merges top-down with bottom-up innovation indicators, the core idea of this paper has been to analyse only bottom-up data on comparative innovation performance of high and medium-high technology industries in Southeast Europe. Method and data: The paper methodologically draws on guidelines for collecting, reporting, and using data on innovation by Oslo Manual (OECD & Eurostat, 2018), and uses secondary data from 2010-2016 Community Innovation Surveys of enterprises to compile an own set of 140 data points. Innovation activity within an industry is defined as the ratio of innovative enterprises to the total population of enterprises while innovation performance is the ratio of innovation activity in the respective country to innovation activity of this industry in the whole EU. Tools: All data points have been arranged country-wise as unbalanced contingency panels and plotted to draw conclusions on innovation performance of high and medium-high technology industries in Southeast Europe. Findings: Although all top-down innovation inputs and enablers at the national level are far below the EU average throughout Southeast Europe, several industries in the region reach or surpass the average EU innovation performance: the pharmaceutical industry in Croatia, all medium-high technology industries in Turkey, manufacture of machinery in North Macedonia and Serbia, as well as manufacture of motor vehicles in all countries except for Romania. Contributions and limitations: This is the first known paper to benchmark innovation performance of high and medium-high technology industries throughout Southeast Europe. In addition, the paper reveals the shortcomings of the whole-country method employed by the EIS since it clearly points out that innovation performance of national industries should be assessed instead. Limitations of the paper are the exclusive focus on innovation as a process and partly restricted data availability.
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Nearly a century after the renown Keynes-Hayek debate, the two economists are still perceived as diametrically opposed. This is certainly not true in the realm of business cycle theory where for a period of time they both employed the Wicksell inspired savings-investment approach. The publication of Keynes’s General Theory obscured these similarities and the IS-LM model disconnected all possible ties between the two cycle theories. However, I argue that Keynes did not succeed in the General Theory to offer a consistent interest rate theory and that his 1937 articles which were meant for further clarification were received even worse than the book itself. If Keynes’s more nihilistic variant of the liquidity preference theory would be replaced which Leijohnhufvud’s Z theory (i.e., the Treatise plus output modifications), Keynes and the Austrians would still have considerable theoretical points in common in the realm of business fluctuations. The two cycle theories would complement, rather than contradict each other.
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