Писменост Маја – кључ за разумевање мајанске цивилизације

Author(s): Vanja Stanišić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2011

As it is well-known, literacy emerges as a state instrument and represents one of the most significant marks that a certain nation has moved from the prehistoric age into the new historic age. This mutual dependence of the civilization and literacy is complete and is very important for understanding the essence of the Mayan civilization. The most significant issue here is whether the destruction of the original Mesoamerican cultures led to the destruction of the original civilizations.

Circulaţia europeană a formulelor campanare în limba latină în secolele XIV-XVIII

Author(s): Filimon Doina Doroftei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2012

The paper is an attempt to compare the Latin inscriptions on bells from different periods and areas of Europe, being based on some collections from France,Germany, Hungaria and Transylvania. There are three types of information:Christian inscriptions (quoted from biblical and liturgical sources), inscriptions concerning the sound of the bell and inscriptions about casting and recasting work,donors etc. Some aspects of a future comparative study, which is to be done after the publication of corpora of bells inscriptions in each country, are further suggested: the common formulae in all European areas, the peculiar ethnical and confessional use of some formulae, the recurrent terms and the evolution of the formular in each area etc.

MODIFICAREA LIMBII VORBITE

Author(s): Aurelian Ciocan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2018

„From a temporal perspective, the «birth» of a language is never a momentary phenomenon, but alengthy one. A language does not appear, but it is formed and developed within a long process that requires the succession and continuity of several stages of evolution.” We could therefore say that this process never ends, modifications occuring naturally. Language is constantly updated, new words, phrases, and new forms of expression are appropriated. But is there a limit? And if it exists, what is it?

NATURA ÉS CULTURA. Vulgáris és klasszikus latin Afrikában: africanismus-e a labdacismus?

Author(s): Dóra Bohacsek / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2020

The Sogdian envoy Maniach and his namesakes in China

Author(s): Wang Ding / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Chinese sources document foreign names with phonetic transcriptions and render them in Chinese characters with close, or at least approximate, sound value. Among the Sogdians who were active at the Chinese court of the 6th century there were two persons named He Zhuruo and An Weiruo respectively. The etymology of both names can now be tentatively identified with Maniach, the name which was recorded in a Byzantine source, being that of a Sogdian envoy to Constantinople. Hence the original written form of Zhuruo and Weiruo can be restored with the spelling Moruo. The reason for these misspellings goes back to the graphic similarity of the concerned characters. Some further emendations of similar kinds are also proposed.

Teoria variaţionistă kabatekiană şi procesul de acomodare lingvistică

Author(s): Cristina Bleortu,Alina Prelipcean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

This paper focuses on different general aspects concerning the process of linguistic accommodation and the diaphasic dimension within linguistic variation. What we seek to demonstrate is that speakers’ discourses are plurivarietal: each individual “accommodates” his discourse according to situations and purpose, being conditioned by its own linguistic biography. For example, an individual from Calafindeşti will use „curechi” and „macahon” with people from his own village, but he will avoid using this type of regionalisms with persons from other areas, thus controlling to a certain degree his speech. Our paper is structured as follows: (i) first of all, the concept of linguistic accommodation is explained [Trudgill, 1986; Auer et al., 2005], (ii) secondly, we refer to the theories on the diaphasic dimension [Briz, 2010; Coşeriu, 1992; Kabatek, 2000, 2002; Koch and Oesterreicher, 2007; López Serena, 2007], (iii) then, we present examples of linguistic accommodation in Romanian and Spanish language; and, finally, we draw the conclusions.

Cazul interjecţiei ho în spaniola din Pola de Siero [Asturia, Spania]

Author(s): Cristina Bleortu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

Our goal here is to construct, insofar as possible, a scenario for the study of “ho”, an Asturian interjection taking into account a sociolinguistic perspective. We preferred to start with a review of the previous literature. The results presented here look at the role of social factors – speaker gender, age, level of education, - and at the ways in which social identities and beliefs shape and influence the presence of “ho”.

NetLingua – Limbă, dialect sau slang?

Author(s): Bogdan Popoveniuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

The unprecedented development of information and communication technologies in recent decades, shaped a peculiar fuzzy language, NetLingua, used by virtual space users. The status of language used on social networks, in particular, and in Technology-Mediated Communications (TMC), in general, is ambiguous, with specialist opinions varying from cataloging it as slang, dialectal form, up to assigning it the status of a distinct linguistic system. The paper intends to make some clarification on the status of the language used in TMC starting from classical theories on language.

The Czech Scientist P. J. Šafařik − author of the first Slavic etymologies in Romanian

Author(s): Anca Irina Ionescu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The first scientific analysis of the Slavic borrowings in the Romanian language is found in the work of the Czech scientist Pavel Josef Šafařík, entitled Slovanské starožitnosti, published in Prague in 1837 (translated into German − 1844, Polish −1844 and Russian − 1848), 24 years before Franz Miklosich’s paper Die slavischen Elemente im Rumunischen was published, where Šafařík’s work is quoted 3 times. We have proof that Šafařík was familiar with Romanian as many Romanian Slavonic manuscripts were found in his archive with notes and comments by his hand.

Limba slavonă și slavonismele în context românesc

Author(s): Vladislav Knoll / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2017

The purpose of the article is to explain the complexity of the terminological and methodological issues related with the Church Slavonic Studies and to discuss its application to the study of Church Slavonic loanwords in Romanian. First, we compare the terminology related to the Church Slavonic studies used in Romanian and in other languages. This shows clearly that when using materials written within different local philological traditions, we may face various terminological concepts. Consequently, we focus on the stratification of Church Slavonic from the diatopic, diachronic and diaphasic point of view and show different varieties, which entered in contact with Romanian mainly in the period of the so- called Cultural Slavonism (14th – 16th/17th c.). This reminds us of the need to distinguish clearly the administrative varieties as well as the varieties in which the copied and originally composed texts were written. Further, we focus on the criteria able to identify Church Slavonic loanwords in Romanian. In that place, we sum up the result of the previous research by various authors and add some new ideas. At the end, we show the possibilities to identify various layers within the group of Church Slavonic loanwords by applying different perspectives.

Прагматичка вредност хипотетичког цитата у политичком и правном дискурсу српског језика у историјској перспективи

Author(s): Jelena M. Pavlović Jovanović,Milan Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

In this paper we have studied the hypothetical quotation in political and legal Serbian discourse. Our corpus consists of medieval charters, as well as texts from both the govrenment and church's law practice. The paper falls under the category of historical pragmatics. The examples from medieval times are explained with the theory of legal norm, while the examples form the 19th century are studied via relevance theory. Both periods are characterized bu the use of anticipating hypothetical quotation, which is based on the ritual of oath in which implicit meanings are put forward.

Сравнителният метод

Author(s): Leonard Bloomfield / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

La enfermedad en el refranero latino y románico

Author(s): Mihai Enăchescu / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2 (32)/2020

We propose to analyze the Latin and Romance paroemias that, from one perspective or another, are related to the disease and the attitude towards it in Latin and the following Romance languages: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian. First, we are going to analyze the Latin paroemias that exist also in other Romance languages, based on the key idea of the proverbs. It is, of course, a conceptual correspondence, not a literal one, although sometimes the latter also occurs. There are, for example, sayings related to the excesses that can lead to disease (Plures necat gula quam gladius), with the connections that can be established between the parts of the body (Quando caput dolet, cetera membra dolent), or about the old age, source of all illness (Senectus insanabilis morbus est).Second, we will make an analysis of other paroemias typical of the Romance world. There are sayings that reflect the importance of knowing one’s condition and that of a good cure (It. Malattia conosciuta mezza guarigione; Port. Doença bem tratada, poucas vezes é demorada), or the fatigue caused by a long illness (Fr. Longue maladie lasse le medecin et le malade).Third, we want to highlight those specific paroemias for one culture or another; for example, in Romanian it is emphasized the futility of wealth when one is sick: Ce foloseşte bolnavului pat de aur? The work closes with a thematic classification of the paroemias, that outlines the thematic variety of people’s beliefs and attitudes towards the disease, as well as the similarities, but above all the differences between the different Romance cultures.

Probleme ale definirii numelor de vânturi și soluții în Dicționarul fenomenelor atmosferice

Author(s): Alina-Mihaela Pricop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (32)/2020

In the Dictionary of the Atmospheric Phenomena there are many winds and complex atmospheric phenomena names in which the prevailing wind acts alongside rain or snow. There are recorded both designations of Romanian winds and foreign winds, each category characterizing the two components of the Romanian meteorological terminology: popular and scientific. For the Romanian urban civilization, living mostly in large and closed spaces, the wind is an atmospheric phenomenon that manifests itself in certain degrees of strength. The rural civilization, defining for Romanians, traditionally preoccupied with agriculture and animal husbandry, as well as the world of fishermen and sailors know the living under the open sky, in the wind, which decisively influences their actions.The overwhelming role of the wind emerges especially from the denominative richness that the sources of the Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DLR) and the Dictionary of the Atmospheric Phenomena (DFA) make available. But the information provided is quite few and sometimes vague about the particularities of these winds, sometimes reduced to indicating the area of manifestation, practically the place where the appropriate name was collected. The definition of these terms raises problems in establishing the directions of the winds, their particularities, being adopted different solutions in the language dictionaries and in the DFA, in agreement with the DLR or in completing the latter. Among the most problematic names of winds in terms of lexicographic treatment can be mentioned: carael, coşava and gorneac, not accidentally borrowed from the languages of neighboring peoples.The purpose of this article is to specify some problems that arose in defining such terms and to present the solutions found.

RECENZJE: Anna Wojciechowska, Protokół jako świadectwo komunikacji wspólnotowej w drugiej połowie XIX wieku. Studium genologiczne, Zielona Góra 2012

Author(s): Anna Dunin-Dudkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2014

Ion Heliade-Rădulescu şi modernizarea limbii române

Author(s): Ciprian Florentin Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

The 19th century represented for Romanian the most important period in its language history in terms of unification, normalization and modernization, which underwent fundamental transformations. Ion Heliade-Rădulescu played a very important role in the modernization of the Romanian thanks to the innovative principles and ideas presented in his works: realization of linguistic unity, establishment of common norms, change of spelling, substitution of popular language terms with neologisms that had better reflected the new linguistic realities.

Hrvatski i bosanski jezik u Stocu, Čapljini i Mostaru u svjetlu teorije jezičke pravde i teorije jezičkog imperijalizma (s fokusom na odnos s početka devedesetih i danas)

Author(s): Jasmin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2020

The paper discusses Croatian language and Bosnian language in Mostar and near Mostar, in the context of the discussion on language rights and in the context of the discussion on language discrimination, especially regarding the theory of linguistic justice and the theory of Linguistc Imperialism, which is also directly related to the issue of native language in education and pedagogical practice, both earlier and today. An analysis of the social arrangement of language issues is provided, with concrete examples of the contents of legal documents in the first half of the 1990s, which is connected to the language in education and wider society, with special analysis of the specific different social practices. This is an analysis of the present practically existing discriminatory, assimilating and segregationist models of education, as opposed to a desirable integration, non-segregationist and non-discriminatory education system.

Gramatika bosanskog jezika (1890) u kontekstu autrougarske jezičke politike u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Edim Šator / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2020

The paper gives a brief overview of the language policy pursued by Austria-Hungary when it came to Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. Namely, given the fact that the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was organized, it tried to introduce this order in Bosnia and Herzegovina in all fields, including the fieldof language. The first problem they encountered was language nomination. After that, the National Government formed the Language Commission, and soon after that, Fran Vuletić was given the task to write the Grammar of the Bosnian language. In this paper, we will pay special attention to some of the interpretations of the Grammar of the Bosnian language, as well as to a number of untruths that have been presented about the Austro-Hungarian language policy in Serbo-Croatian literature.

КОМЕНТАР КОН УПОТРЕБАТА НА ПОИМОТ ХЕЛЕНИЗАМ ВО МАКЕДОНСКАТА ИСТОРИОГРАФИЈА

Author(s): Natalija Popovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article “Comments on the use of the term Hellenism in Macedonian historiography” is a review of the use of the term Hellenism in the historiographical literature written in Macedonian language. Due to attempts to change the term with makedonism or alexandrism, as more appropriate we referred to several examples of Macedonian historiography, and tried to explicate that this tendency has no relevant support in historical sources and historiography. However, the questions pertaining to the appropriateness of the term are of great importance, which is why academic discussion remains open.

Italijanska gramatikografija između tradicionalne i savremene lingvistike

Author(s): Marija M. Mitrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 35/2021

The aim of this paper is to show the current situation in contemporary Italian grammaticography, i.e., to analyse grammatical models (traditional, generative and dependency model) grammar reference books for different purposes are based on. By means of diachronic and synchronic analysis of grammar reference books, we have examined and showed to what extent traditional theories and terminology are retained, i.e., to what extent generative grammar and valency theory are present.