Le Congres de l'alphabet et son Role sur le Developpement du Mouvement Culturel National Albanais

Author(s): Kristaq Prifti,Shaban Demiraj / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2004

Le Congrès de l'Alphabet de la langue albanaise de 1908, constitue avec le Congrès de l'Orthographe, l'un des événements les plus remarquables dans l'histoire de la culture et de la nation albanaise en général, l'une des plus grandes réussites dans le domaine de la culture du XXe siècle. Il a marqué le résultat de toute une époque dans l'histoire de la culture nationale albanaise en couronnant les efforts menés pendant des siècles pour élaborer la langue albanaise, pour élaborer un alphabet aussi précis et approprié que possible pour l'écriture de l'albanais, commun à tous les Albanais .

POČECI SLUŽBENE UPOTREBE BOSANSKOG JEZIKA

Author(s): Alen Kalajdžija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2016

This article discusses the issue related to beginning of the formal use of the official language in the Ottoman Bosnia in the second half of the 19th century. Based on that, following the scientific data and historiographical sources, the focus is shifting from the so-called Kallay language policy and the reforms of the Austro-Hungarian period’s school system to the previous period of Ottoman governance in Bosnia, in the context of Tanzimat reforms. Thus, the focus of attention turns from the ingrained attitudes about the political inferiority of the Bosnian language in the Austro-Hungarian period. It is concluded that the Austro-Hungarian government continued implementing systemic reform language policy that was preceded.

Considering CL 1699, is there enough evidence to correct the attestation of copt, –ă (1887, DLR)?

Author(s): Adina Chirilă / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

In 1699, translating from Greek a text by Maxim the Peloponnesian, Antim Ivireanul uses a word that, at first glance, coincides with a neologism attested in Romanian no sooner than the end of the 19th century, as a French loan: copt, –ă, ‘Locuitor [...] al Egiptului, descinzând din vechile secte creștine ale Euticheenilor’ [Inhabitant (...) of Egypt, descending from the ancient Chris- tian sects of the Euticheens]. In order to answer the question in the title, the author had to conduct a semantic analysis of the corresponding word in the Greek source-text, i.e. κóπται (and also its etymology), since, for the period when Maxim the Peloponnesian writes, the Greek lexicography indicates only the existence of the ancient form κóπτης (pl. κóπται), derivative of the verb κóπ(τω) –της ‘to cut, to strike’. The study leads towards an affirmative answer, and might also cast a new light on the language dynamics of the post-byzantine era.

Zsigmond Simonyi (1853–1919)

Author(s): László Honti / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2008

Zsigmond Simonyi was the most influential Hungarian linguist of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. He acquired wide and deep professional knowledge at various universities in Hungary and abroad. His work was influenced by Neogrammarian ideas but his attitude to them was also critical to the necessary extent. This is demonstrated by the fact that he studied the contacts between Hungarian and the languages spoken in neighbouring countries in the wake of Schuchardt’s ideas. He was a Neogrammarian by education, but his views on historical linguistics were more modern, more akin to those of the younger generation of Neogrammarians. Thus, unlike most representatives of the classical Neogrammarian school, he did not restrict his attention to the phonological aspects of language change. Rather, he also studied larger units like phrases or sentences, as well as semantics. He attached special importance to discussing phenomena of the current spoken language, especially those of the various dialects, to keep track of linguistic facts as evidence for changes that have taken place. The enormous “Historical dictionary of Hungarian” that he co-authored with Gábor Szarvas has retained its value as a source of information to the present day, and continues to be an indispensable tool in research on etymology and historical linguistics.

Пермские наречия на -ла: историко-генетические и ареальные аспекты

Author(s): Galina Fedyuneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The origin of Permian adverbs with a la-element in their structure is considered. The adverbs are divided into three groups that may be associated with different periods of the formation of l-cases in the Permian and Mari languages.

Langues et politiques, des destins imbriqués mais distincts (I)

Author(s): Christian Tremblay / Language(s): French Issue: 2 (28)/2018

This two-chapter study aims at disentangling the relationship between politics and languages and raises the question of to what extent and at what level it is possible to have a language policy and particularly a French language policy from a plurilingualism perspective. The bases of our argument is a comparative approach to the futur of English and French. This approach is all the more legitimate since the two languages, despite the obvious supremacy of English, have some common characteristics as international languages. We like to point out that the French language is no longer the property of France. In fact, an objective look at nearly a millennium forces us to consider that the French language, which owes much to the French monarchy, has always had its own destiny, and there is no reason for this to change.

Karen Grainger and Sara Mills: Directness and indirectness across cultures

Author(s): Han Dan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Karen Grainger and Sara Mills: Directness and indirectness across cultures. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 177.

Kazimierz Nitsch jako historyk języka

Author(s): Bogusław Dunaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2019

Kazimierz Nitsch is the founder of Polish dialectology. In addition, he also studied, though to a lesser extend, contemporary Polish language and its history. His early works in the field of linguistic history are typical philological studies. An analysis of rhymes in poetry from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century was methodologically innovative, and allowed for an interpretation of some phonetic processes that took place in the past. Growing out of dialectological research, the most important method applied to the interpretation of historical linguistic processes, was reasoning about their course on the basis of an analysis of the reaches of certain phenomena in dialects. The great merit of K. Nitsch was the initiation in 1913 of a discussion about the origin of the Polish literary language.

On the use of the adessive case in Tver Karelian

Author(s): Nicklas N. B. Oranen / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2019

This study provides a descriptive account of the adessive case in the endangered and scarcely documented Tver Karelian variety of the Karelian language. Te investigation provides not only an overview of the many functional uses of the case in question, but also comparisons to Finnish and Estonian, as well as Russian. Te adessive case is historically associated with external location but has acquired a wide range of other uses not directly related to location, including temporal, instrumental, possessive, dative, and experiential functions. Te case is even used to mark direct and oblique objects of certain verbs. Some of these functions are shared by the adessive case in other Finnic languages, including Finnish and Estonian, while other functions that set Tver Karelian apart from these relatives appear to have developed under the influence of Russian with which the language has a long history of contact.

Болестта като проклятие или пътят на един медицински термин

Author(s): Kalina Boseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/2019

In the past, the invisible evil of a deadly epidemic was always explained and justified with a divine intervention. It was either revenge by some angered deity, or, in Christian times, a just punishment for the ever sinning mankind. Following the term “ignis sacer” across the ages, we discover that, along with the attempts at medical treatment for the multiple diseases known under this name, there is a coexisting superstitious layer. The term carries a subtle moral charge and easily becomes a curse against all those worthy of punishment. When translating we need to investigate precisely what stands behind this term in each given century, author and even passage.

Неизвестен гръцки Акатист на св. Йоан Владимир (издание и превод)

Author(s): Veneta Savova,Rosen Rusev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/2019

In this article the Greek Akathist (along with two prayers) of Saint John Vladimir found in the manuscript Zogr. Gr 214 from the library of the Zograf Monastery is presented and published for the very first time in its original form and with Bulgarian translation. In addition it is included the fragment of Church slavonic translation of In this article the Greek Akathist (along with two prayers) of Saint John Vladimir found in the manuscript Zogr. Gr 214 from the library of the Zograf Monasterythree hymns identified in manuscript Zogr 533 from the same library.

Доц. д-р Константин Горанов: от латинския и семинарията към медицината. Интервю

Author(s): Veronika Kelbecheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01/2019

L’italiano /ˈfredːo/ ed il friulano /ˈfred/: evoluzioni apparentemente simili del latino FRĪGĬDUM

Author(s): Paolo Roseano / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1-2/2019

This article reconstructs the evolution of Classical Latin FRĪGĬDU(M) in Italian and in Friulian. The process that gave birth to the Italian word /ˈfredːo/ may be summarized as follows: FRĪGĬDU(M) > FRĬGDU(M) > */ˈfregdu/ > */ˈfredːu/ > /ˈfredːo/. On the other hand,the forms observed in contemporary Friulian dialects ([ˈfɾeːt], [ˈfɾei̯t], [ˈfɾɛi̯t], [ˈfɾiat],[ˈfɾiət], [ˈfɾiot]) seem to derive from an Ancient Friulian form */ˈfrei̯d/, which may derive from FRĪGĬDU(M) > *FRĬGĬDU(M) > */ˈfregidu/ > */ˈfredʒidu/ > */ˈfrejidu/ > */ˈfrei̯du/ >*/ˈfrei̯də/ > */ˈfrei̯d/. In other words, the pathes that start from Classical Latin FRĪGĬDU(M)diverged already in a very early stage, when Vulgar Latin spoken in Tuscia preferred the form *FRĬGDU(M), while Aquileiese Vulgar Latin used *FRĬGĬDU(M).

«Беседы об истинном Боге и истиной вере на наречии обских остяков» (1900) святого Макария: местоимение, наречие, прилагательное, числительное, послелоги, частицы, превербы

Author(s): Sergey V. Kovylin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (33)/2019

The paper presents a morphological description of one of the first written monuments in Southern Selkup, recorded by Bishop Macarius. The first solid comments and handling of the script were made by Hartmut Katz. Nevertheless, until now there was no consistent and structural analysis of its morhology. The paper deals with the description of the morphology of the pronoun, adverb, adjective, numeral, postposition, particles and preverbs. In addition, the data obtained were analyzed in comparison with the well described morphology of the Southern, Central and Northern Selkup dialects.

Juste roy pensoit comment pourroit avoir aide, non mie asseant tailles grieves, ne dures toultes – approche sémantique du vocabulaire fiscal médiéval dans les textes de Christine de Pizan

Author(s): Małgorzata Posturzyńska-Bosko / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2019

The purpose of this article is an analysis of the mediaeval fiscal vocabulary in the works of Christine de Pizan, including Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, Le Livre de la Paix, and Le Livre du corps de Policie. The topics discussed include the various types of tax and the complexity of the feudal fiscal system. The richness of the fiscal terms and the resulting lack of terminological precision illustrate the extent of the complexity of that system.

JEZIK RAŠKOGA RUDARA

Author(s): Teodora Fonović Cvijanović,Vanessa Vitković Marčeta / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 9/2017

With the end of the World War II and the fall of the Independent State of Croatia started a new period in the standardization of the Croatian language, which received a substantial media coverage due to its political engagement. The interest in linguistic issues thus became more widespread in the general population. This paper illustrates the main guidelines of the language policy during the milestone events from the AVNOJ period, the Novi Sad meeting and Novi Sad Orthography, the Declaration on the name and status of the Croatian Literary language and the Croatian Spring, up to the 1990s. Since the language of the media was not free of ideological attitudes, this research will show how the political situation affected the language of Istrian periodicals. The research is focused on the orthographical and linguistic peculiarities of the magazine “Raški rudar“ (Raša Miner), issued intermittently by the workers’ union branch of the Association of Miners and the management of the “Istarski ugljenokopi“ (Istrian collieries) from 1947 to 1990. The aim is to compare them to the then normatively acceptable and orthographical solutions. The analysis of texts written by “ordinary“ people, workers, will shed additional light on the repercussions of the language policy in the socialist period, which will help complete the image of the orthography and language of the time.

A reformáció hatása a magyar standard nyelvváltozat formálódására

Author(s): Dénes Máthé / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: VI/2019

This paper analyses the roles of the Reformation in the development of the Hungarian literary language in the 16th century. This investigation is based on the following facts: – the main basis of the ideas of the Reformation was the Bible (cf. the principle of Sola Scriptura). One of the central tasks of the Reformation was the translation of the Bible into national languages; – the consequence of this program was the change of the language of worship: Latin was exchanged with national languages; – The Reformation made use of the printing house. This new technology had an essential role in the forming of some orthographical and phonological norms because people speaking different dialects used the same Bible and other publications; – the intellectuals of the age, bishops, ministers, etc. used a more elaborated language and this served as a model for others. These facts form the pillars of this research, based on the 16th century Hungarian church literature, presenting the roles of the Reformation in the development of the Hungarian standard language.

Volga – the First River of Europe

Author(s): Václav Blažek / Language(s): English Issue: 81/2019

The present study summarizes all designations of the Volga River and when it is possible, in wider context of primary texts, arranged in Appendix. The second task is a survey and discussion of existing etymologies. The third goal consists in offer of new solutions, if those existing are not convincing enough. Finally, some general conclusions are formulated.

O (ne)poučení z historického vývoja teórie a praxe vyučovania materinského jazyka

Author(s): Ľudmila Liptáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2016

V tomto diskusnom texte nadviažeme na viaceré podnety z historického skúmania vyučovania materinského jazyka, ako ich v tomto čísle časopisu implikuje štúdia profesorky Marie Čechovej a v rozhľadoch sprostredkované historiografické lingvodidaktické práce docentky Martiny Šmejkalovej. Hneď na úvod uvažovania o tom, ako sa dejinné skúsenosti z vývoja vyučovania materinského jazyka z doby štátneho spolužitia Čechov a Slovákov, teda s prestávkou vojnového obdobia od roku 1918 až do roku 1992, premietajú v súčasnom stave jazykového vzdelávania a pri projektovaní jeho budúceho vývoja, musíme pripomenúť nelichotivé konštatovanie, že od obdobia prvej Československej republiky až dodnes je vyučovanie materinského jazyka hodnotené veľmi kriticky (Šmejkalová 2010, s. 76). Napriek meniacim sa podmienkam spoločenského a jazykového vývoja sa od spomínaného obdobia až doteraz nepodarilo kurikulum materinského jazyka optimalizovať tak, aby v plnej miere vyhovovalo aktuálnym potrebám jazykového vzdelávania žiaka.

PROCOPIUS DE AEDIFICIIS: ΚΟΥΜΑΡΚΊΑΝΑ, ТВРЂАВА У МАКЕДОНИЈИ

Author(s): Jasminka Kuzmanovska / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 56/2019

Име тврђаве Κουμαρκίανα једно је од хапакса у Прокопијевим Грађевинама што, свакако, отежава интерпретацију језичког порекла топонима и његову идентификацију на терену. Главни део саопштења је усмерен ка испитивању вероватне етимологије овог јединственог имена. Насупрот преовлађујућем становишту да је реч о имену из обимне и веома продуктивне групе топонима латинског порекла са посесивним суфиксом -iana/ianon у чијој се основи налази лично име, наша теза је да, премда неуобичајено за такву врсту имена, његову основу чини један апелатив, латинска основа/реч commercium, која је у грчки језик из познијег периода преузета потврђеним графијама κομ(μ)έρκιον и κουμμέρκιον са значењем ‘царина, царинарница’. Даље, у непосредној вези са значењем имена, следи разматрање питања локализације Прокопијевог утврђења.