Linguistics vs. Digital Editions: The Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank

Author(s): Hanne Eckhoff,Aleksandrs Berdičevskis / Language(s): English Issue: 14-15/2015

This article provides a description of the Tromsø Old Russian and OCS Treebank (TOROT), which, along with its parent treebank, the PROIEL corpus (built by members of the project Pragmatic Resources in Old Indo-European Languages), is the only existing treebank of Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic and Middle Russian texts. The TOROT is a part of a larger family of treebanks of ancient languages which all use the PROIEL open-source annotion web tool and annotation schemes. In this article we present principles and selected problems at several levels of analysis in the TOROT, and then briefly discuss ways that corpus linguists and edition philologists can fruitfully collaborate and complement each other.

Religijno-kościelny czynnik sprawczy rozwoju języka polskiego

Author(s): Bogdan Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article aims at a comprehensive presentation of the title topic, based on the vast literature on the subject, a significant part of which comprise the previous publications by the article’s author. The author points to our insufficient knowledge concerning the latest period of Polish language history, Modern Polish.

The Earliest Attestation of the Lěstvica

Author(s): William R. Veder / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

The earliest attestation of the Slavonic translation of the Scala Paradisi is not furnished by the excerpts in the Simeonov Sbornik, but by those in the Scaliger Patericon, which can reliably be dated before the removal of library resources from Pliska to Preslav, i.e. ‘after 887 but before 893’. It contains 59 excerpts (ca. 1210 words) from twelve chapters (1 through 30), which provide a convenient base to examine the relationship of versions a and b of the translation. Both versions have protographs written in Glagolitic, which discredits the claim that version b be a 14th century Athonite work. Both versions vary in 21%, but share 79% of the text, i.e. one of them served as an exemplar for the other. The proposal to consider a co–author of 21% is based on the following: a corrects deficiencies in b, but b not in a; recurrent variation shows patterning in a, not in b; a is ignorant of Cyrillo–Methodian monastic terminology. The most probable dating of a is to ‘before 887’ and of b correspondingly to ‘before a’.

The current Bulgarian-Austrian project on the investigations of the manuscript Zograf No. 105 and its fragment No. 3070

Author(s): Anissava Miltenova / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

A Slavic translation of the Ohrid Chrysobull of 1273

Author(s): David J. Birnbaum / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

The Slavic text of the Ohrid chrysobull of 1273 in Muz. 3070 (Russian State Library) represents a translation by a Slav with a poor understanding of the original Greek.

Proverbs of Solomon in the Slavic Manuscript No 105 from the Zograf Monastery

Author(s): Andrej Bojadžiev / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

The paper represents edition and introductionary words about the copy of the Proverbs of Solomon as found in the Slavic manuscript No 105 from the Zograf monastery of Mount Athos. The text is compared with the earliest Slavic copies of Prophetologia and the full text of this Old Testament book. The paper discusses the contents and structure of this copy. A conclusion is made that this is a draft copy of the Slavic text of Proverbs, completely different from the other known witnesses of the text.

The Book of Daniel, included in the Chronicle of Johannes Zonaras, No 105 from the Zograf monastery (Preliminary notes

Author(s): Ivan I. Iliev / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

The paper discusses a medieval South Slavonic text referring to the Book of Daniel in the framework of the Chronicle of Johannes Zonaras contained in manuscript No. 105 which is kept in Zograf Monastery. The author believes that this Slavonic version of the Chronicle was compiled by Konstantin Kostenečki. The author compares the version of the Book of Daniel in the Zograf manuscript with older Slavonic translations and versions of the Book of Daniel known to him to highlight the differences and the specific Constantine’s approach that is somewhat unique for this book from the Bible. This comparison makes it evident that Zograf 105 preserves a unique version of this biblical book which is not known to medieval Bulgarian and Greek written traditions. The juxtaposition is carried out on structural and lexical levels.

The Life of Stefan Lazarevic´ and a Genealogy of Serbian Rulers in MS No 88, coll. 201, Russian State Archive

Author(s): Denitsa Petrova / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2023

A 16th c. manuscript of truly remarkable content is kept at the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA) – No 88, Op. 1, Obolensky Collection (f. 201). It includes an excerpt of the Life of Stefan Lazarević by Konstantin Kostenečki and a Rodoslov (Genealogy) of the Serbian rulers designed as a Loza Nemanjića-type family tree scheme. The genealogical work replicates part of the facts from the hagiographic one, but complements the vita and enriches the information it provides. The excerpt from the Life of Stefan Lazarević is an account about the rulers of the Nemanjić dynasty, from Stefan Nemanja to Uroš V and from Vukan to Stefan Lazarević. The Genealogy does not overlap with any of the known Serbian chronicles. It has a larger chronological scope and deals with the so-called second branch, which is presented briefly in most related texts. While the hagiographical part talks about the descendants of Stefan Prvovenčani (the “First-Crowned”), the second part emphasizes the descendants of his brother Vukan. There are included those representatives of the dynasty who were rulers or wives of rulers. Considered as a whole, the two texts show a different conception of power and this distinguishes them from other Serbian Genealogies.

Краткая южнославянская версия трактата „Ἑρμηνεία περὶ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ“ Симеона Солунского. Издание текста Протлъкъ лутꙊргїи, и црькви, и чинꙊ свѧщеньничьскомꙊ по рукописи РГАДА 88 и Богишич 52

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 23/2023

The publication brings into scholarly circulation the recently identified interpretation of the liturgy under the title Протль лургїи, и црк҃ви, и чи́н сщ҃енничьском, which is known in two manuscripts of Serbian origin, 16th century: RGADA 88 (84r – 87r) and in Bogisic 52 (122v21, 133r-v, 124r-v. Based on specific differences in the text, it has been established that the work is a summary translation of the treatise ‘Ἑρμηνεία περὶ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ’ by the Byzantine theologian Simeon of Thessalonica (1381/1387–1429). The Slavic translator did not leave his name. It is assumed that the prototype of the codices is a medieval Serbian manuscript from the first half of the 15th century, created in the circle of scribes under the patronage of the despot Stefan Lazarević and that Konstantin Kostenečki, also called the Philosopher, made the translation of the text. He was a Bulgarian intellectual in exile, who worked in the court of the mentioned despot. The main argument in favour of this assumption is that the interpretation of the liturgy in the two collections appears in the context of works confirmed in paleo-Slavic studies as coming from the pen of Constantine.

Alttschechische Glossen in mittelalterlichen hebräischen Schriften und älteste Denkmäler der tschechischen Literatur

Author(s): Jiřina Šedinová / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1981

The authoress pays attention to glosses in Old Czech to be found in medieval Hebrew books. First she mentions the most important Hebrew texts of this kind and papers dealing with the subject. She also discusses some orthographic problems, mainly the transcription of OÏd Czech into the Hebrew alphabet. Finally the glosses in Hebrew books are compared with those to be found in Latin texts dating from the 12th-13th centuries.

INSTITUCIONALNO IZUČAVANJE HADISA U MUSLIMANSKIM ZEMLJAMA

Author(s): Zuhdija Hasanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2008

Since the schools of studies of hadith in literature are often spoken as of something which was of very short duration, and without significant impact on the societies, the author in this paper which deals with the most important hadith schools in Islamic countries, points out that the hadith schools emerged very early, in the 4th to 10th century, and that some of them, indeed, lasted very shot, but some were active even for a few centuries and had strong impact on the level of education, morality and general attitude of the environment in which they existed. Special attention was paid to the contemporary institutions which show the highest interest in studies of Muhammad’s, p.b.u.h., tradition, as the hadith school in Morocco, Iran and Saudi Arabia, which using modern technical devices and possibilities accomplish significant results not only in promoting Muhammad’s p.b.u.h. tradition, but also in promoting a moderate understanding and practicing of Islam and by that a more moral and humane living in general.

UZAJAMNA POVEZANOST KUR’ANSKIH DIJELOVA I CJELINA (TEN SUBU’L-QUR’AN)

Author(s): Dževad Šošić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2008

The connections aspects of structural parts of Qur’anic text is the subject matter to which many commentators of Qur’an are devoted and which is the subject of a special Qur’anic discipline, known as ‘Ilm tenasubi’l-Qur’an. The nature of the problem speaks for itself that research is in the field of Arabic grammar and stylistics. It shows all the subtlety and beauty of Qur’anic expression: arrangement of words, concise and general forms, fascinating quotations, the story telling manner etc. Revealing mutual connections between the words in an ayah, between the very ayat or between suwar, we learn about the nature of the Qur’anic text in spite of different contents, aim, themes or motives and thus we recognise its supernatural qualities and its uniqueness. For the fuller understanding of Qur’an, its intentions and messages it is important, among others, to know the relations between its structural components.

‘‘TELKHISU'L-MIFTAH’‘ - DJELO O ZNANOSTI KOJA RASKRIVA ASPEKTE KUR'ANSKOG I'DŽAZA

Author(s): Almir Fatić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2008

This paper at the beginning discusses language as the Divine sign on the basis of comments of 22nd ayat of surah Er-Rum and reveals perceptions of Islamic commentators. Further, on the basis of the same ayat, it treats plurality of human speeches and languages and plurality of opinions on that matter. Before presentation of some phonetic-phonological and linguistics results of contemporary linguistics which correspond with stated hermeneutic efforts of Qur’an commentators, our attention is directed to phonetic studies and sound aspects of Arabic language during the early period of Islam. The paper especially deals with phonetic and linguistic works of two great scholars, the founders of Arabic linguistics, Sibevejh and Ibn Džinni. After partial presentation of some classical and contemporary Islamic linguists and Qur’an commentators and their views on the language, we have shortly discussed and formulated three assumptions - primarily on the basis of Qur’anic ayats and also on the basis of generally accepted linguistic comprehension - of that what we have named, in this paper, Qur’anic theory of language and speech.

Ineta Balode, Dzintra Lele-Rozentāle: Deutsch im Baltikum. Eine annotierte Forschungsbibliographie. Unter Mitwirkung von Manfred von Boetticher und Reet Bender

Author(s): Jürgen Beyer / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Ineta Balode , Dzintra Lele - Rozentāle : Deutsch im Baltikum. Eine annotierte Forschungsbibliographie. Unter Mitwirkung von Manfred von Boetticher und Reet Bender. (Fremdsprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Bd. 17.) Harrassowitz. Wiesbaden 2016. 358 S., Ill. 978-3-447-10598-9. (€ 64,–.) –

LES NOMS DE FAMILLE COMPOSÉS EN ROUMAIN ET FRANÇAIS

Author(s): Adela-Marinela Stancu / Language(s): French Issue: 36/2024

French and Romanian compound family names mostly come from nicknames. Their origin is rather obscure. Semantically, these names belong to those categories of nicknames that indicate some physical or psycho-moral particularities, but they can also be related to an unusual event from the life of an individual or they can point to the local origin of some persons.

ADDITIONS TO THE HISTORICAL ROMANIAN ONOMATOPOEIA FROM THE NORTHWEST OF KIEVAN RUS

Author(s): Vladul D. Ghimpu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 36/2024

Through some additional contributions, the author brought new data regarding the name Lidul, who could be a Romanian character present at the peace negotiations from the Russo-Byzantine wars. Also supported by analogy with the ethnic names present in Romanian throughout history. Other names from other sources render the Christian from the Old Testament Amos (Amosco), brought by the Romances, as well as others, diminutive, Romance, written in the Agrarian Recessions from Toropeț and Staraia (Old) Rusa, which render Vasco, Zeno, Marco and .a. In the first case, as clear Romance names, as an indubitable argument for the presence of Romanian migration in the northwest of medieval Russia, supported by a lot of examples from the second census as well. And the attestation of the name Hot in Novgorod also confirms with new details the pre-Christian Romanian names here, presented by us and in other studies and researches.

Pożegnanie Prof. dr hab. Kwiryny Handke (1932–2021) językoznawcy, polonistki, slawistki, varsavianistki

Author(s): Ewa Masłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 79/2023

In memoriam Prof. dr hab. Kwiryny Handke (1932–2021).

EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF DREAM AS DESIRE: METAPHORICAL HUNGER AND THIRST IN THE ENGLISH, ROMANIAN AND FRENCH LANGUAGES

Author(s): Oana Șulic / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2024

The main purpose of the present article is to investigate the concept of “dream” as “desire” across three languages: English, Romanian and French. Having as a starting point the cognitive metaphor theory, we focus our attention mainly on the metaphors of hunger and thirst by examining how these linguistic expressions are employed to convey dreams as desires and by shedding light on the close connection between language, culture and human cognition. We begin our study from the very definition of the concept of “dream” as “desire” followed by the analysis of a selection of metaphorical expressions from our three languages in order to highlight the way these languages conceptualize “dreams” as “desires”.

Ewolucja form fleksyjnych przymiotników starobiałoruskich (na podstawie latopisów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego)

Author(s): Lilia Citko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2023

The article is devoted to the inflectional forms old Belarusian adjectives. As a source of research material, two monuments of the 16th–18th centuries were used, representing the first (the Chronicle of Suprasl) and the last (the Chronicle of Bychowiec) editions of the Chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Chronicle literature reflects the condition of the living language of that period better than religious works subordinated to the canons of Church Slavonic tradition. The aim of the research is the analysis of the development of inflectional forms of adjectives with particular attention to similarities and differences in reference to the Ruthenian condition. Forms of adjectives have been selected and compared to paradigms of the earlier period. It has been established that inflectional system of adjectives took into consideration both the advanced process of phasing-out of non-complex inflexion (nominal) and the promotion of complex inflection (pronominal). Within its framework, old features referring to the Church Slavonic language have been documented, although at the same time, features of the nature of Belarusian innovations have been very clearly marked. Inflectional system of adjectives (especially The Chronicle of Bychowiec) preserved some regional features which indicate references to the south-western Belarusian dialects. These phenomena may help to establish the location of the monument or the place of origin of its author.

Надка Николова, Диана Иванова, Кина Вачкова, Мийрям Салим. Писмовниците на Българското възраждане като източник за формирането и функционирането на книжовния език. Том 1. Том 2.

Author(s): Tatyana Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The book consists of 14 studies arranged according to the chronological order of the publication of the 14 letter-writing manuals discussed in them, which appeared between the 1830s and the 1870s.