Проблема локализации прародины сино-кавказской языковой общности

Author(s): Aleksey A. Romanchuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2009

This article considers the hypothesis of S.A. Starostin, I.A. Peiros and some other researchers about the localization of the Sino-Caucasian motherland in the West Asia. The author shows some facts which do not allow us to localize the Sino-Caucasian motherland in the region in question.Then he pays attention to the fact that in Sino-Caucasian language there were some words for plants which were domesticated in East and South-East Asia. First of all we should mention some kind of millets – Setaria Italica and Panicum miliaceum. Millets were rare in western part of Eurasia during the Neolithic and the main nodes of their growing here was the region of Caucasus and South-East Europe.Besides, here should be mentioned apricot and hemp, which appears in Caucasus and South-East Europe in the Neolithic as well, but their origin is related with East Asia.On the contrary the main plants which were domesticated in Near East region (such as wheat, barley) and animals (ship and cow) appear in China only in the III millennium BC, i.e., too late. That’s why the author’s opinion is that the Sino-Caucasian motherland was in East Asia.

Прогрессивная палатализация и древненовгородское местоимение въхе

Author(s): Elena A. Galinskaya / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2014

The progressive palatalization is one of the most debatable questions of the historical Slavic linguistics. For instance, there is no plausible explanation for the Old Novgorodian pronoun vъxe which does not exhibit the effect of the progressive palatalization. It is attested 23 times in the Novgorodian birch bark letters and in Varlaam’s letter. In 17 cases, there is Ъ in the root, in 5 cases the root has no vowel, and only in one birch bark letter there is Ь in the root. The latter text was written after the fall of yers which makes it possible that Ь marks the assimilative palatalization of [v]. I propose a possible explanations for this situation and argue that Ъ in the root predates the split-off of the Novgorodian dialect from Common Slavic. It is a plausible hypothesis since there are Novgorodian phenomena which came into existence during the Common Slavic period and are unattested in other Slavic dialects. If it is so, there is no need to expect the progressive palatalization in the root vъx- because there were no conditions for that, as there is no front vowel before x.

Произходът на българските фразеологизми ‒ между филологията и фолклористиката

Author(s): Yana Sivilova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 16/2018

The article illustrates two approaches in the development of hypothesis regarding the origin of phraseological units. The author tries to examine the positive trends as well as the most popular mistakes in the fields of linguistics and folk studies. A successful combination of these two approaches is presented as a conclusion.

Противопоставительная конструкция в корейском языке: синтаксический анализ

Author(s): Elena L. Rudnitskaya,Seokyoung Hwang / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01 (6)/2012

In the article the Korean construction with contrastive negation for correction (or corrective negation) is considered. The semantic and syntactic analysis of correction with focalization and contrastive negation is presented; it is discussed how corrective negation functions in the languages with and without term negation. A more detailed analysis of the Korean corrective negation construction “A-ka ani-la” leads to the conclusion that “A-ka ani-la” (‘not A’) forms a deficient, or a parenthetical, clause. This parenthetical clause is grammaticalized; its syntactic features are to some degree similar to the predicative / focus group of the so-called “pseudocleft construction” that is rather widespread in Korean.

Прошла глаголска времена у старосрпским повељама и писмима од 12. до 14. века

Author(s): Luka Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 52/2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the use of past tenses in Old Serbian, more precisely, in Old Serbian charters and letters from the 12th to the 14th centuries which constitute a significant part of Старе српске повеље и писма, vol. 1, no. 1, a collection of medieval Serbian charters and letters published by Ljubomir Stojanović (1929). Since a diachronic approach is used, it is essential to define concrete changes and even broader developmental paths from Proto-Slavic origins to the Old Serbian system of past tenses. Hence the latter will be compared to the system of past tenses in Old Church Slavonic, which reflects the corresponding state of affairs in Late Proto-Slavic. Meanwhile, the corpus framework and its limiting properties, inherent to any research dealing with historical linguistics, shall need special attention.

Псалтырь на церковнославянском языке, написанная польскими буквами (из собрания рукописей А. С. Норова)

Author(s): Jelena Aleksandrovna Celunova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2020

This article is devoted to the research of the Book of Psalms manuscript from A. S. Norovʼs book collection stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library. The manuscript is written in the beginning of the 18th century in Church Slavonic language Polish letters. This manuscript has never been studied before, it is nonetheless of interest primarily as a Latin-graphic text, which is a transliteration of the originals in Church Slavonic. Very few such texts have survived, and almost all of them were created in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article provides a complete description of the manuscript and analyses of its language peculiarities. The analysis has made it possible to identify Church Slavonic protographs of the manuscript, and also to establish that the manuscript was written by women (most likely nuns) for private use. Since the authors of the transliteration themselves had very good command of Church Slavonic, it can be assumed that the text was written to order. Against the background of the cultural and historical context of the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries it can be assumed that the manuscript was written by the nuns of one of the southwestern Russian Uniate monasteries who had moved to one of the monasteries in Russia at that time.

Путовима хрватскога књижевног језика

Author(s): Herta Kuna / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1979

Review of: Zlatko Vince, "Putovima hrvatskoga književnog jezika", by: Herta Kuna

Първи езиковедски трудове в Древна Индия

Author(s): Ivanka Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2021

The subject of this study are the first works in ancient India related to language and speech. From the earliest times in this territory there has been a cult of the word which is why the country is considered the cradle of philology. It is also essential that India remains true to its cultural identity to this day; and that works written in one of the classical languages of antiquity; Sanskrit; have passed on intact for millennia and have always been studied and interpreted by the linguists.

Първи преводи на произведения от български писатели в българския немскоезичен вестник „Дойче балканцайтунг” 1917-1918 г.

Author(s): Daniela Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2010

The article deals with the first translations of works of Bulgarian authors in the cultural column Feuilleton of the German-language newspaper Deutsche Balkan-Zeitung 1917-1918 and its weekly illustrated supplement Witoscha, published in Bulgaria by the German-Bulgarian society [Deutsch-bulgarische Gesellschaft e. V. 1916-1918] during the First World War.

Първи прояви на пуризъм в България

Author(s): Nadka Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2014

The subject of research are the first signs of purism during the Bulgarian Revival: from 'Istoria Slavianobolgarska' until the end of the late 20s of 19th century when the puristic idea in the social space was implicitly expressed. The most typical features of the initial phase of Bulgarian purism are glorification of Bulgarian language, ascribing of symbolic functions and prestige to it, the attitude of loyalty and pride with the view of excluding Greek from the cultural and linguistic space.

Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол. Разплата. История на Отон. Пратеничество в Константинопол

Author(s): Liudprand Liudprand of Cremona / Language(s): Bulgarian

This modern translation of all the surviving literary compositions ascribed to Liudprand, the bishop of Cremona from 962 to 972, offers unrivaled insight into society and culture in western Europe during the "iron century". Since Liudprand enjoyed the favor of the Saxon Roman emperor Otto the Great, and traveled to Constantinople more than once on official business, his narratives also reveal European attitudes toward the Byzantine Empire and the culture of its refined capital city. No other tenth-century writer had such privileged access to the high spheres of power, or such acerbic wit and willingness to articulate critiques of the doings of powerful people. Liudprand's historical texts (the Antapodosis on European events in the first half of the 900s, and his Historia Ottonison the rise to power of Otto the Great) provide a unique view of the recent past against a genuinely European backdrop, unusual in a time of localized cultural horizons. Liudprand's famous satirical description of his misadventures as Ottonian legate at the Byzantine court in 968 is a vital source of information on Byzantine ritual and diplomatic process, as well as a classic of medieval intercultural encounter. Readers interested in medieval European culture, the history of diplomacy, Italian and German medieval history, and the history of Byzantium will find this collection of translated texts rewarding. A full introduction and extensive notes help readers to place Liudprand's writings in context.

Рајна Драгићевић, Српска лексика у прошлости и данас, Нови Сад, 2018: Матица српска. 450 стр.

Author(s): Darinka Gortan-Premk,Vera Vasić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2018

Ранната печатна кирилица: графичен опит и културни функции

Author(s): Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

The article is dedicated to one aspect of the long-lasting life of the Cyrillic alphabet, namely the use of Cyrillic script as base for the Slavonic book publishing in its initial period from the end of the 15th – the 16th centuries. The main goal is to illustrate some peculiarities in the grapheme inventory, and to point out the cultural-historical functions of the early printed Cyrillic, the major of which was the preservation and the reproduction of the religious and spiritual identity. Supplementary, but not less important functions were the creation of cultural communities, the integration of the Bulgarian written legacy in Europe, its cognitive, moral, entertaining function, and others. The statement is subjected to the pursuit of shaping historically the relation between alphabet and identity, which should be realized as value, especially in the year of the Bulgarian presidency of the European Union, and the Cyrillic as one of its symbols.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИЗВОДЫ КНИЖНОГО ЯЗЫКА И ВТОРОЕ ЮЖНОСЛАВЯНСКОЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ (ОБ ОРФОГРАФИИ ЗАХАРИИНСКОГО ПАРИМЕЙНИКА 1271 Г.)

Author(s): Anna Igorevna Kuzovenkova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2013

The article reveals certain language peculiarities of one of the unexplored manuscripts, Zakhariinskii Parimeinik of 1271. On the one hand, the manuscript reflects the Pskov-Novgorod dialect features: the mixing of affricates w and Ÿ as well as sibilant and hushing sounds, a particular type of the reflexivity of TъrT groups, the use of ;u along with ;l, etc. On the other hand, there are many spellings of South Slavic origin in the manuscript. All this makes it possible to state the appearance of obsolete orthography in Zakhariinskii Parimeinik and to specify information about the number and territorial belonging of the scribes, who worked on the text.

Редки сложни думи в шест слова за блага вест в Рилските сборници на Владислав Граматик и Мардарий Рилски. Речник-индекс

Author(s): Kamelia Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2 (8)/2018

This article presents a Slavonic-Greek glossary of compound lexemes in six Slavic homilies translated from Greek. The copies used date back to the 15th century and come from the following collections of the Rila Monastery: 4/5 and 4/8. The words have been excerpted and compared with those in glossaries based on other medieval Slavonic texts in order to draw conclusions about the translation of the texts and the usage of the compound lexemes. The article also features a Greek-Slavonic dictionary.

Реконструкция на имена за места (nomina loci), мотивирани от названия на плодове въз основа на топонимни данни

Author(s): Maya Vlahova-Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The naming of places according to local vegetation is a universal way of creating toponyms, a considerable part of which is derived from common names of localities, denoting ‘a place where a particular plant (fruit) grows’. Studying such toponyms can enrich the current locality-labelling data with new, hitherto unknown ones, as well as complete the pattern of the folk taxonomy of fruit. Nomina loci, as a separate word formation category, is well studied in both literary Bulgarian and its dialects. The present study aims to reconstruct the common names of localities, motivated by names of fruit, which have been preserved in Northern Bulgaria toponymy. There is a list of locality names derived from different kinds of toponyms. Some of these names expand the currently known ‘nomina loci’ word formation categories by providing new names. The analyses also show that the toponymy has preserved a fair number of archaic lexemes, formed through rare and antiquated suffixes with a locative function, which have not been registered in earlier research of locality names.

Реорганизация видовых парадигм и утрата оппозиции неитеративности–итеративности в русском языке

Author(s): Vladimir D. Klimonov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 130/2010

The reorganization of the aspect system of Russian is investigated in the framework of the theory of natural grammar. It is claimed that the grammatical changes in morphological systems of natural languages are determined by a limited number of markedness principles (or naturalness principles, or preference principles). These typologically relevant principles are considerated as the grammatical laws of change. They determine the direction of morphologically-induced changes. These principles explain the attested diachrony of grammatical changes in the aspect system of Russian and in the area of interaction between aspectuality and iterativity.

Рефлексы праславянских сочетаний типа *tьrt, *tъrt, *tьlt, *tъlt в Выголексинском сборнике

Author(s): István Pozsgai / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3-4/2005

The aim of this work is to examine reflexes of the Proto-Slavic compounds *tьrt, *tъrt, *tьlt and *tъlt type in the manuscript Vygoleksinskij Sbornik (Collection) which was copied in Old Russian language area at the end of the 12th century. I have found 4 writing methods of the examined reflexes: 1. Old Russian type, 309 examples, e.g. v'rh=, d=lgago; 2. two-yer writing method, 52 cases, e.g. d'r'xati, m=l=;[; 3. reflecting vocalization of the reduced vowel, 16 examples, e.g. priderxa s/, polnu; 4. mixed type with vocalization and one yer, 4 cases, e.g. v=zver'goh=, s=vol=k=. I have concluded that the manuscript reflects the whole russification of the examined reflexes. The examples of the vocalization refer to the fact that the manuscript must have been copied only after 1164, after the writing of the famous Dobrilo Gospel. The cases of the intersyllable assimilation in the root (-)sk'rb- can localize the place of the manuscript’s genesis in the southern part of the Old Russian area.

Рефлексы праэвенкийского *s в говорах эвенкийского языка во второй половине XVIII в.

Author(s): Karina O. Mishchenkova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 02 (37)/2020

Tungusic lexical lists within “Comparative dictionaries of all languages and dialects” by P. S. Pallas (1773 year of recording, 1787—1789 years of edition) represent the earliest and most representative lexical material for the dialectology of the Evenki and Even languages. The lists contain vocabulary in seven Evenki and two Even dialects. The subject of considerable interest is also a manuscript of A. J. Sjögren (redrafted in 1842) that contains similar materials in six Evenki and two Even dialects and in Manchu. This article attempts to compare the vocabulary presented in the dictionaries of P. S. Pallas and A. J. Sjögren, to establish the time and place of its recording, as well as to clarify the distribution of the Evenki dialects in the second half of the 18th century. The study reveals that the manuscript of A. J. Sjögren most likely represents the revised and expanded vocabulary materials of P. S. Pallas excepting the list in the Evenki dialect of the Chapogir clan. The present study focuses primarily on the reflection of the Proto-Evenki *s as one of the differential phonetic features of the Evenki dialects. The data reflected in the dictionaries collected from the Evenki of Mangazeya, Yeniseysk and the Chapogirs allow to highlight the ʃ isogloss for the basin of the Yenisei River. The dialects spoken by the North Baikal Evenki of the Upper Angara River and the Transbaikal Evenki of Nerchinsk show the same hushing character. The vocabulary recorded from the Barguzin Evenki testifies the hissing character of the dialect in anlaut and mixed character (s and ʃ) in inlaut. In the dialect of the Nerchinsk Evenki in anlaut and inlaut there may be reflected s as well as ʃ. The dictionary of the Evenki dialect recorded on the territory of modern Yakutia demonstrates the ʃ reflection and isolated cases of s reflection in anlaut and the distribution of ʃ and h in inlaut.

Речник фитонима у лекаруши Kосте Rадовића (1830)

Author(s): Nikolina P. Tutuš / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 50/2019

This paper presents a healing book with a prayer book written by Kosta Radović in 1830, which is kept in the Rarities department of Matica Srpska under the signature RR II 62. The aim of the research is to look at pre-standard language expression at the lexical level and to compose the dictionary of phytonyms represented in this manuscript. As a result, a systematic review of the herbs used for healing is obtained, as well as an overview of the language fund related to their naming. Comparison with older, medieval, medical books, such as the Hodoški zbornik and the Hilandarski tipik, seeks to shed light on the potential association of this manuscript with works of a similar purpose in the earlier period, using as criteria the organization of the text, the number and identity of the plant species, their names and medicinal actions attributed to them.