"Nebibliografinë" Jono Bretkûno Postilë (1591): Vlado Daumanto egzempliorius

Author(s): Ona Aleknavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 06/2004

In this article I describe the copy of Jonas Bretkûnas' Postilla (1591), which is kept in the Kaunas Art Gallery of Mykolas Žilinskas (this is a division of the National Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis), in the section of Archival Documents and Photographs (call number: Tkr. 148). Until 1944 the copy was kept in the private collection of Vladas Daumantas. For a certain period after World War Two it was unknown to scholars. The copy was included neither in the Lithuanian Bibliography (Lietuvos TSR bibliografija, 1969; LB I), nor in the supplement volume (Papildymai, 1990; LBP). This is the tenth copy of Bretkûnas' Postilla kept in Lithuania. Daumantas' copy is not defective, but is in good condition. There are, however, certain errors of pagination. Certain circumstances attest that this copy was the property of Vladas Daumantas: (1) an inscription in purple pencil on the title page "VDaumantas" (cf. Fig. 1); (2) an inscription "VDaumanto kolekcija" in the accession book of the Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis; (3) a description of the Postilla in the manuscripts by Petras Jakðtas (a contemporary of Daumantas; they both were members of the 27 Book Lovers Society).

"U Doni Gjoni, biri i Bdek Buzukut ...” (Edhe një herë për prejardhjen e emrave Buzuk-u dhe Bdek-u)

Author(s): David Luka / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

In this essay/article, after introducing briefly the ideas expressed by various linguists on the matter in question, the author throws into discussion two issues: the origine of the patronymic Buzuku, as well as the origine of the name of Gjon’s father (Bdek), giving thus his contribution. He thinks that the two names, Buzuk and Buzuq, are nominal compounds. There is no doubt that the first part of these compounds is the noun buz/ë/(lip/s), but with the meaning ‘brink, border, bank’. It seems that with this meaning, are especially linked the toponyms and micro-toponyms, numerous throughout all the toponomastic nomenclature in our country, which come out since early times in various medieval documents to our days. The second part of Buzuk/Buzuq is the name Ujk (wolf), which appears since early in documents as personal name. It seems, then, that in Buzuk as well as in Buzuq, we have a compounding or a juxtaposition of two nouns, which originally named a place, buzë ‘brink’, where there were wolves, this perhaps in connection to some occurrence, now petrified in the micro-toponym Bazulk (respectively Buzuk). Later the noun must have been used as a patronym; over time it may have passed also to the naming of the village according to the name of the kin holding it. We are then within that circle which E. Çabej calls ‘the system of Albanian anthroponomy’.

"Vita et mores Gregorii Sanocei" von Callimachus – eine anekdotische Biografie aus der Renaissancezeit

Author(s): Przemysław Chudzik / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2019

Aim: The aim of the article is to look at the first Renaissance biography written in Poland – Life of Gregory of Sanok by Callimachus. Research method: A compositional analysis was carried out and anecdotes appearing in the work were pointed out. Anecdotes are one of the key elements of ancient biography, which Callimachus directly referred to. Results/Conclusions: The analysis carried out in this way not only shows the Renaissance reception of ancient patterns, but also the use of anecdotes, which has not changed since ancient times. Callimachus’ work has a two-part structure - the first part refers to the tradition of Plutarch's biography, which is chronological; the other, however, follows the thematic pattern of Suetonius' biography. Anecdotes appearing in the work perform all the functions they performed in ancient works - they successfully carry out their tasks in new circumstances and with a new hero - a fifteenth-century Polish magnate.

A Korvin-könyvtár Plinius-kódexe és a korabeli Plinius-ősnyomtatványok illuminációi

Author(s): Tamás Gesztelyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2013

A Lost Lady: A Narrative of Manifest Destiny and Neocolonialism

Author(s): Ammar Aqeeli / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The greatly examined story of A Lost Lady usually depicts Mrs. Forrester’s success in meeting and adapting to the challenges of a changing world, a world characterized by materialism and self-fulfilment. However, the overlooked story, one far more disturbing than the privileged story in the text, is the narrative of oppressed groups of people of other races and the lower class. Drawing on some aspects of postcolonial theory, this paper explores Willa Cather’s own reactions to real changes in her society, to the waning power of imperialism, and of her nostalgic longing for the western prairies of her youth, without showing any sympathy for the dispossessed Native Americans and other oppressed races. It will also disclose the unmistakable colonial overtones, which remarkably resonate with the common discourse of “Manifest Destiny” during the time period of American expansion to the Wild West.

Album hrvatske ćirilice u Zbirci rukopisa i starih knjiga Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu

Author(s): Nina Čolović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2019

Review of: Nina Čolović - Ivan Kosić, Album hrvatske ćirilice u Zbirci rukopisa i starih knjiga Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu, Zagreb: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica, 2015, 396 str.

ANDALUŽANSKA GRAMATIČKA ŠKOLA

Author(s): Hajrudin Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 11/2019

The Andalusian Grammar School is one of the series of grammar schools that has enriched Arabic linguistics and left an indelible mark on its further development. After the arrival of the Arabs in Andalusia, due to its specific geographical location, there was a need to study Arabic and all disciplines related to it. Although living far away from scientific centers in the Arab East, the Andalusians became recognizable for their characteristic views and commentary on numerous capital works, but also on works that originated in Granada, Cordoba and Seville, greatly enriching the Arab library. The paper presents the circumstances in which this school was created, outlines the most significant characteristics and attitudes of this school, as well as the most significant protagonists of the Andalusian school and their contribution to the development of Arabic grammar in general.

Augusta Tenteļa pareizrakstības komisijas likumi un to atspulgi skolu mācību grāmatās un sabiedrībā

Author(s): Dzintra Paegle / Language(s): Latvian / Issue: 10/2019

The article reveals ups and downs of orthography at the end of 1930s, the alignment of orthography and changes in 1940s, and the influence of spelling rules on the use of the language nowadays. The article provides analysis of conclusions regarding spelling rules adopted under the supervision of Augusts Tentelis in 1938 and 1939. These “improvements” in the spelling directly affected the society, especially the content of schoolbooks. The article describes the development of several points in orthography-alphabet, use of long vowels ī IPA/iː/ and ā IPA/aː/ in the forms of verbs, forms of verbs in Simple Future second person plural form with ending -iet and the palatalized consonant ŗ IPA/rʲ/. The article provides a short insight into the protest on the part of the intellectuals against the orthography of 1938. To illustrate the orthography in practice, separate schoolbooks have been examined, specifying the biographic data of their authors Mārtiņš Gaide and Rūdolfs Grabis, and providing the main facts about the life of Augusts Tentelis and Ludis Bērziņš. The improvements introduced in the orthography by Tentelis caused disarray in the spelling, mismatches with the grammatical system of the Latvian language and the orthography developed by Jānis Endzelīns. In 1940s they were cancelled, but since 1946 the letter ŗ IPA/rʲ/ has been forgotten. This has changed the pronunciation from the close vowel e IPA /e/ to open vowel e IPA /æ/ in such verbs as dzeru, sveru, veru (simple present) and has reinforced the ending -iet in the of 2nd person simple future verb form lasīsiet, not lasīsit. These rules initiated the abandonment process of digraph ch in writing.

Cerkiewnosłowianizmy fonetyczne i słowotwórcze w I redakcji latopisów białorusko-litewskich (na przykładzie Latopisu Akademickiego i Kroniki supraskiej)

Author(s): Katarzyna Grabowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 23/2019

The subject of this article is an analysis of two 16th century monuments of Grand Duchy of Lithuania writing: the Academic Chronicle and the Suprasl Chronicle. They belong to the first Belarusian-Lithuanian redaction, which consists of three main parts: all-Ruthenian, Smolensk, and the Chronicle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania – the first original work wholly written in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The aim of the article is to single out in both chronicles Old Church Slavonic elements occurring on phonetic and word-formation levels. The analysis has revealed that in the oldest, all-Ruthenian part of both Old Church Slavonic works there are the most phonetic and word-formation features. However, they are also present in the other parts of the chronicles, in which Old Church Slavonic forms of all-Slavonic words and their Old Ruthenian equivalents appear parallelly. A number of prefixes and suffixes typical of the Old Church Slavonic language also confirm a strong link between these two chronicles and the writing tradition.

Circulaţia europeană a formulelor campanare în limba latină în secolele XIV-XVIII

Author(s): Filimon Doina Doroftei / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2012

The paper is an attempt to compare the Latin inscriptions on bells from different periods and areas of Europe, being based on some collections from France,Germany, Hungaria and Transylvania. There are three types of information:Christian inscriptions (quoted from biblical and liturgical sources), inscriptions concerning the sound of the bell and inscriptions about casting and recasting work,donors etc. Some aspects of a future comparative study, which is to be done after the publication of corpora of bells inscriptions in each country, are further suggested: the common formulae in all European areas, the peculiar ethnical and confessional use of some formulae, the recurrent terms and the evolution of the formular in each area etc.

Das Anonymi ABC-Buch von 1671 und Georg Ermel

Über Inhalt, Entstehungsort und Urheber der ersten sorbischen Fibel

Author(s): Michael Ermel / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2020

The earliest primers in Sorbian present us with riddles to this very day. Despite the endeavours of researchers in Sorbian studies it has neither been possible to ascertain the authorship of the Sorbian ABC book from 1671, nor to discover a copy of the primer authored around 1650 by Georg Ermel. The fact that both works originated in Lower Lusatia close together, both geographically and chronologically, led us to the question as to whether we are dealing here with one and the same book, and whether Georg Ermel, school rector at Calau, could have written it. For clarification, the content and external design of the ABC book of 1671 have been examined in detail followed by a similar investigation of the few sources that we have in relation to the Ermel primer. According to these sources Ermel’s authorship of the anonymous ABC Book of 1671 is highly probable, though it cannot be proven with absolute certainty. In addition to this finding on the author, it could be clarified that the work was printed in 1671 by Christoph Baumann in Bautzen and that the spelling introduced in the primer was adopted by Gottlieb Fabricius for his New Testament. Acknowledgement of this significant achievement has been missing up until now. The layout and decoration with a full-page woodcut of a rooster mark this primer out as a so-called “rooster abc book” and rarity of particular value.

Deviner, adeviner: osservazioni semantiche su due verbi del francese antico

Author(s): Francesca Righetti / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 4/2011

This paper analyses the Old French verbs of deviner and adeviner, taking into consideration a corpus consisting of numerous editions with respective glossaries and linguistic notes. With regard to this, the paper aims at overcoming certain limitations of basic dictionaries: in some cases, conventional meanings proposed by them do not serve the purpose of adequate translation.

Die diskursiven Strategien der habsburgischen Sprachpolitik in der Spätaufklärung – am Beispiel der galizischen Volksschulen

Author(s): Anna Harbig / Language(s): German / Issue: 23/2019

At the end of the 18th century, in the Habsburg monarchy there was a fundamental change in the language profile of elementary education. The “Allgemeine Schulordnung” Act of 1774 brought compulsory German language education to schools in all provinces. This was contradictory to the established practice of teaching focused on the mother tongue and the language of religion. The introduction of German language required means of propaganda which would help to explain why linguistic conventions in the formof trans-regional languages of communication and Latin as a universal language, verified over the centuries in the Habsburg monarchy, were to be abandoned. The high status of Romance languages and widespread Slavic languages in the Habsburg monarchy led to expected resistance to the imposition of obligatory German language education. The article presents discursive strategies in the Habsburg language and educational policies that were in use after the enactment of the “Allgemeine Schulordnung” Act (1774) until its replacement by “Politische Verfassung” (1806).

Edition und Kommentar des Buchs Ruth aus der Bibelübersetzung des Johannes Bretke (1589)

Author(s): Felix Thies / Language(s): German / Issue: 17/2015

Die Bibelübersetzung des Johannes Bretke (lit. Jonas Bretkūnas, 1536–1602) ist eines der umfangreichsten Zeugnisse preußisch-litauischer Literatur. Noch heute, über 400 Jahre nach dem Tod des Übersetzers, sind die meisten Teile des Werks unediert, lediglich der Psalter wurde 2002 von Friedrich Scholz herausgegeben, die Edition der Evangelien und der Apostelgeschichte ist bis heute unveröffentlicht.

Ein nehrungskurischer Text im Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas in Marburg. Das Blatt 30084 Nidden

Author(s): Christine Schiller,Dalia Kiseliūnaitė / Language(s): German / Issue: 17/2015

Mit Nehrungskurisch wird in der deutschsprachigen sprachwissenschaftlichen Literatur die auf kurländisch-lettischen Dialekten basierende Sprache bezeichnet, die von den Bewohnern – in erster Linie Fischern – auf der Kurischen Nehrung und daran angrenzenden Gebieten bis ca. 1958 gesprochen wurde. In der litauischsprachigen Literatur hat sich dafür der Terminus kuršininkų kalba bzw. kuršininkų tarmė, in der lettischen – kursenieku valoda eingebürgert.

Framing the Identity of an Ideal Primary School Teacher of English

Author(s): Oleksandr Kapranov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The article presents a study that aimed to examine how primary school teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) framed the identity of an ideal EFL teacher. The specific research aim was to identify and classify frames associated with the identity of an EFL primary school teacher in the corpus of reflective essays of approximately 1000 words about an ideal EFL teacher in Norwegian primary school contexts written by 32 Norwegian in-service primary school EFL teachers. It was hypothesised that the participants’ framing would be reflective of the identity of an ideal EFL teacher in Norway. The corpus of the participants’ essays was analysed in accordance with the framing methodology developed by Entman (1993) and Dahl (2015). The results of the framing analysis indicated that the participants in the study framed the identity of an ideal EFL teacher via frames associated with future ideal selves, ought-to selves, the identity of their former EFL teachers, and the identity of an ideal EFL teacher as a fictional character. The study implications would be beneficial to pre-service and current in-service EFL teachers and teacher-trainers alike, who could treat the results as a collective “portrait” of an ideal EFL teacher.

From the history of the Georgian grammatical thought

Author(s): Giorgi Gogolashvili,Tamari Lomtadze / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2019

This article outlines some debates and issues in the field of Georgian linguistics and offers a research agenda for Georgian Grammar from the 5th century up to present day. It builds on previous research on the Georgian grammars. However, it is the first attempt to identify relevant periods and phases in the history of Georgian grammatical thought. Georgian grammar treatises, guidebooks and their history have been explored by several scholars but interrelations between standard Georgian and Georgian grammars have not been fully studied yet. The existence of standard Georgian doesn’t always coincide with the existence of normative grammars and vice versa. The study of the history of Georgian grammatical thought shows that in some periods normative grammars are dominant, while in others practical grammars are prevalent. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate that at different stages of its development Georgian grammatical thought produced different types of grammars. Even though Georgian written texts dating back to the 5th–11th centuries were written according the unified linguistic standard, implying the existence of normative grammar, we don’t have any evidence of the existence of such grammars except for supplementary text commentaries. From the 11th to the 19th centuries various types of grammar have been written but the existence of standard Georgian cannot be documented. In the 20th century standard Georgian goes hand in hand with normative grammars. The present paper aims to explore the ways in which different types of grammar have dominated throughout the history of Georgian grammatical thought and the lines alongside which it has developed from its origins up to present day. The authors employ methods of descriptive and diachronic analysis.

Heimat und Ausbreitung indogermanischer Stämme im Lichte der Namenforschung

Author(s): Jürgen Udolph / Language(s): German / Issue: 76/2017

Wenn man die Heimat und Ausbreitung der Indogermanen beschreiben will, ist es zunächst notwendig, die ursprünglichen Siedlungsgebiete der einzelnen indogermanischen Stämme zu ermitteln. Aufgrund der Gewässer- und Ortsnamen und auch aufgrund der guten und ertragreichen Böden, die eine kontinuierliche Besiedlung ermöglichen, lassen sich die Slaven am Nordhang der Karpaten lokalisieren, die Germanen nördlich des Harzes und die Kelten am Westrand der Alpen. Gewässernamen, die der Alteuropäischen Hydronymie zuzurechnen sind, zeigen weiter, dass von fast allen Siedlungsgebieten aus alte Beziehungen zum Baltikum und zu den baltischen Sprachen nachweisbar sind. Das Baltikum ist somit das Zentrum der indogermanischen Namen und es spricht nichts dagegen, es als Ausgangsbereich und Heimat der indogermanischen Expansionen anzusehen. Eine Heimat außerhalb der Alteuropäischen Hydronymie, sei es in Südrußland, in Kleinasien oder am Kaukasus ist ausgeschlossen.

Historia crítica de la lexicografía gitano-española

Author(s): Ivo Buzek / Language(s): Spanish / Publication Year: 2011

Publication deals with critical history of Spanish Gypsy lexicography. In first place, it pays attention to the theoretical lexicography and it applies its rules, mainly from the area of lexicographical criticism, to the corpus of Spanish Gypsy dictionaries. The main part of the book presents a critical study of repertoires of lexical units of this mixed dialect, starting from the 16th and 18th centuries manuscripts, 19th century amateur lexicographers’ dictionaries and ending up with 20th century ones. Final chapters look closely to Spanish Gypsy vocabularies and lists of lexical units present in publications about flamenco and Spanish Gypsies in general.

Hospodárske dejiny Horehronia v zrkadle historickej toponymie regiónu do konca 16. storočia

Author(s): Matej Mesko / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 23/2020

The main topic of the presented study is the analysis and localization of old terrain names of hills, valleys of streams and meadows belonging to the Horehronia area in the 16th century which reflected the economic activity of man. Traces of historical reality captured in historical toponymy may help complete the picture of Horehronie's economic history in the early modern period. During that period, this region was a quite economically developed part of the monarchy due to the mining of precious metals, the center of which was the town of Brezno. The individual toponyms are classified according to type of economic activity: mining, technical equipment, road network, agriculture, pastoralism and hunting.