"Nebibliografinë" Jono Bretkûno Postilë (1591): Vlado Daumanto egzempliorius

Author(s): Ona Aleknavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 06/2004

In this article I describe the copy of Jonas Bretkûnas' Postilla (1591), which is kept in the Kaunas Art Gallery of Mykolas Žilinskas (this is a division of the National Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis), in the section of Archival Documents and Photographs (call number: Tkr. 148). Until 1944 the copy was kept in the private collection of Vladas Daumantas. For a certain period after World War Two it was unknown to scholars. The copy was included neither in the Lithuanian Bibliography (Lietuvos TSR bibliografija, 1969; LB I), nor in the supplement volume (Papildymai, 1990; LBP). This is the tenth copy of Bretkûnas' Postilla kept in Lithuania. Daumantas' copy is not defective, but is in good condition. There are, however, certain errors of pagination. Certain circumstances attest that this copy was the property of Vladas Daumantas: (1) an inscription in purple pencil on the title page "VDaumantas" (cf. Fig. 1); (2) an inscription "VDaumanto kolekcija" in the accession book of the Art Museum of Mikalojus Konstantinas Èiurlionis; (3) a description of the Postilla in the manuscripts by Petras Jakðtas (a contemporary of Daumantas; they both were members of the 27 Book Lovers Society).

"U Doni Gjoni, biri i Bdek Buzukut ...” (Edhe një herë për prejardhjen e emrave Buzuk-u dhe Bdek-u)

Author(s): David Luka / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

In this essay/article, after introducing briefly the ideas expressed by various linguists on the matter in question, the author throws into discussion two issues: the origine of the patronymic Buzuku, as well as the origine of the name of Gjon’s father (Bdek), giving thus his contribution. He thinks that the two names, Buzuk and Buzuq, are nominal compounds. There is no doubt that the first part of these compounds is the noun buz/ë/(lip/s), but with the meaning ‘brink, border, bank’. It seems that with this meaning, are especially linked the toponyms and micro-toponyms, numerous throughout all the toponomastic nomenclature in our country, which come out since early times in various medieval documents to our days. The second part of Buzuk/Buzuq is the name Ujk (wolf), which appears since early in documents as personal name. It seems, then, that in Buzuk as well as in Buzuq, we have a compounding or a juxtaposition of two nouns, which originally named a place, buzë ‘brink’, where there were wolves, this perhaps in connection to some occurrence, now petrified in the micro-toponym Bazulk (respectively Buzuk). Later the noun must have been used as a patronym; over time it may have passed also to the naming of the village according to the name of the kin holding it. We are then within that circle which E. Çabej calls ‘the system of Albanian anthroponomy’.

"Vita et mores Gregorii Sanocei" von Callimachus – eine anekdotische Biografie aus der Renaissancezeit

Author(s): Przemysław Chudzik / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2019

Aim: The aim of the article is to look at the first Renaissance biography written in Poland – Life of Gregory of Sanok by Callimachus. Research method: A compositional analysis was carried out and anecdotes appearing in the work were pointed out. Anecdotes are one of the key elements of ancient biography, which Callimachus directly referred to. Results/Conclusions: The analysis carried out in this way not only shows the Renaissance reception of ancient patterns, but also the use of anecdotes, which has not changed since ancient times. Callimachus’ work has a two-part structure - the first part refers to the tradition of Plutarch's biography, which is chronological; the other, however, follows the thematic pattern of Suetonius' biography. Anecdotes appearing in the work perform all the functions they performed in ancient works - they successfully carry out their tasks in new circumstances and with a new hero - a fifteenth-century Polish magnate.

100th Anniversary of the Republic: Strategies and Language Tools for Constructing Austrian National Identity in Socio- Political and Mass-Media Discourse

Author(s): Elena SHIRLINA / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

This paper is devoted to the comparison of two medially different “texts“– panel discussion and the premium newspaper “Der Standard” – united by a common topic: the 100th anniversary of the Austrian Republic, in terms of strategies and specific language tools used to construct a national identity. The author assumes that the set of strategies, in general, will coincide, since both texts are inscribed in the context of a broad public discussion about the fate of the country in the conditions of a postnational society. However, there may be differences in their implementation with the help of specific linguistic means, due to the medial and conceptual differences, different contexts in which communication takes place, etc.

13 naujai surastų Prūsijos valdžios įsakų

Author(s): Alina Kuzborska,Žavinta Sidabraitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 13/2011

Prūsijos valdžios įsakai, XVI-XIX amžiais publikuoti lietuvių kalba, yra reikšmingas kultūros paveldas, įdomus daugelio sričių tyrinėtojams - istorikams, kalbininkams, sociologams, kultūrologams. publikuoti prūsijos valdžios įsakai, nurodymai, perspėjimai lietuvių valstiečiams yra autentiškas lietuvininkų kasdieninio gyvenimo liudijimas. Be to, tai vieni pirmųjų lietuviškų spaudinių, kurie apie keturis šimtmečius buvo nuolat leidžiami. Toks tęstinumas atskleidžia krašto gyvenimo ir lietuvių rašto kalbos pokyčius.

1595 Tarihli Defter-i Mufassal-ı Livâ-i Ahısha’da Geçen Türkçe Kökenli Kişi Adları Üzerine

Author(s): Sinan Uyğur / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 0/2017

One copy of this book that was made about in 1595 is in the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre in Ankara and another one is in Sakartvelos Sahelmtzebi Muzeumi in Tbilisi just after following the conquest of Ahiska whose Muslim people were exiled in 1944 and it was conquered by Ottomans in 1578 and occupied by Russians in 1828. The book both has an important place in historical researches in the way of showing that the economic and civilian administration structuring of the region and inclusion of the names of the taxpayers makes it valuable from the point of Turkish language and culture. However, the names of rich person in the book have been evaluated superficially by those who have not been experts before, and have been made inferences about the ethnic structure of the region based on these names in the book. We will examine these previous studies about the book and discuss the names of the Turkish people recorded in the book from the point of phonetics of the historical Turkish dialects, morphology and vocabulary, and will be emphasized on these names that bear trace which of Turkish dialects.

A Korvin-könyvtár Plinius-kódexe és a korabeli Plinius-ősnyomtatványok illuminációi

Author(s): Tamás Gesztelyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2013

Album hrvatske ćirilice u Zbirci rukopisa i starih knjiga Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu

Author(s): Nina Čolović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2019

Review of: Nina Čolović - Ivan Kosić, Album hrvatske ćirilice u Zbirci rukopisa i starih knjiga Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu, Zagreb: Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica, 2015, 396 str.

Augusta Tenteļa pareizrakstības komisijas likumi un to atspulgi skolu mācību grāmatās un sabiedrībā

Author(s): Dzintra Paegle / Language(s): Latvian / Issue: 10/2019

The article reveals ups and downs of orthography at the end of 1930s, the alignment of orthography and changes in 1940s, and the influence of spelling rules on the use of the language nowadays. The article provides analysis of conclusions regarding spelling rules adopted under the supervision of Augusts Tentelis in 1938 and 1939. These “improvements” in the spelling directly affected the society, especially the content of schoolbooks. The article describes the development of several points in orthography-alphabet, use of long vowels ī IPA/iː/ and ā IPA/aː/ in the forms of verbs, forms of verbs in Simple Future second person plural form with ending -iet and the palatalized consonant ŗ IPA/rʲ/. The article provides a short insight into the protest on the part of the intellectuals against the orthography of 1938. To illustrate the orthography in practice, separate schoolbooks have been examined, specifying the biographic data of their authors Mārtiņš Gaide and Rūdolfs Grabis, and providing the main facts about the life of Augusts Tentelis and Ludis Bērziņš. The improvements introduced in the orthography by Tentelis caused disarray in the spelling, mismatches with the grammatical system of the Latvian language and the orthography developed by Jānis Endzelīns. In 1940s they were cancelled, but since 1946 the letter ŗ IPA/rʲ/ has been forgotten. This has changed the pronunciation from the close vowel e IPA /e/ to open vowel e IPA /æ/ in such verbs as dzeru, sveru, veru (simple present) and has reinforced the ending -iet in the of 2nd person simple future verb form lasīsiet, not lasīsit. These rules initiated the abandonment process of digraph ch in writing.

Cerkiewnosłowianizmy fonetyczne i słowotwórcze w I redakcji latopisów białorusko-litewskich (na przykładzie Latopisu Akademickiego i Kroniki supraskiej)

Author(s): Katarzyna Grabowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 23/2019

The subject of this article is an analysis of two 16th century monuments of Grand Duchy of Lithuania writing: the Academic Chronicle and the Suprasl Chronicle. They belong to the first Belarusian-Lithuanian redaction, which consists of three main parts: all-Ruthenian, Smolensk, and the Chronicle of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania – the first original work wholly written in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The aim of the article is to single out in both chronicles Old Church Slavonic elements occurring on phonetic and word-formation levels. The analysis has revealed that in the oldest, all-Ruthenian part of both Old Church Slavonic works there are the most phonetic and word-formation features. However, they are also present in the other parts of the chronicles, in which Old Church Slavonic forms of all-Slavonic words and their Old Ruthenian equivalents appear parallelly. A number of prefixes and suffixes typical of the Old Church Slavonic language also confirm a strong link between these two chronicles and the writing tradition.

Das Anonymi ABC-Buch von 1671 und Georg Ermel

Über Inhalt, Entstehungsort und Urheber der ersten sorbischen Fibel

Author(s): Michael Ermel / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2020

The earliest primers in Sorbian present us with riddles to this very day. Despite the endeavours of researchers in Sorbian studies it has neither been possible to ascertain the authorship of the Sorbian ABC book from 1671, nor to discover a copy of the primer authored around 1650 by Georg Ermel. The fact that both works originated in Lower Lusatia close together, both geographically and chronologically, led us to the question as to whether we are dealing here with one and the same book, and whether Georg Ermel, school rector at Calau, could have written it. For clarification, the content and external design of the ABC book of 1671 have been examined in detail followed by a similar investigation of the few sources that we have in relation to the Ermel primer. According to these sources Ermel’s authorship of the anonymous ABC Book of 1671 is highly probable, though it cannot be proven with absolute certainty. In addition to this finding on the author, it could be clarified that the work was printed in 1671 by Christoph Baumann in Bautzen and that the spelling introduced in the primer was adopted by Gottlieb Fabricius for his New Testament. Acknowledgement of this significant achievement has been missing up until now. The layout and decoration with a full-page woodcut of a rooster mark this primer out as a so-called “rooster abc book” and rarity of particular value.

Die diskursiven Strategien der habsburgischen Sprachpolitik in der Spätaufklärung – am Beispiel der galizischen Volksschulen

Author(s): Anna Harbig / Language(s): German / Issue: 23/2019

At the end of the 18th century, in the Habsburg monarchy there was a fundamental change in the language profile of elementary education. The “Allgemeine Schulordnung” Act of 1774 brought compulsory German language education to schools in all provinces. This was contradictory to the established practice of teaching focused on the mother tongue and the language of religion. The introduction of German language required means of propaganda which would help to explain why linguistic conventions in the formof trans-regional languages of communication and Latin as a universal language, verified over the centuries in the Habsburg monarchy, were to be abandoned. The high status of Romance languages and widespread Slavic languages in the Habsburg monarchy led to expected resistance to the imposition of obligatory German language education. The article presents discursive strategies in the Habsburg language and educational policies that were in use after the enactment of the “Allgemeine Schulordnung” Act (1774) until its replacement by “Politische Verfassung” (1806).

Edition und Kommentar des Buchs Ruth aus der Bibelübersetzung des Johannes Bretke (1589)

Author(s): Felix Thies / Language(s): German / Issue: 17/2015

Die Bibelübersetzung des Johannes Bretke (lit. Jonas Bretkūnas, 1536–1602) ist eines der umfangreichsten Zeugnisse preußisch-litauischer Literatur. Noch heute, über 400 Jahre nach dem Tod des Übersetzers, sind die meisten Teile des Werks unediert, lediglich der Psalter wurde 2002 von Friedrich Scholz herausgegeben, die Edition der Evangelien und der Apostelgeschichte ist bis heute unveröffentlicht.

Ein nehrungskurischer Text im Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas in Marburg. Das Blatt 30084 Nidden

Author(s): Christine Schiller,Dalia Kiseliūnaitė / Language(s): German / Issue: 17/2015

Mit Nehrungskurisch wird in der deutschsprachigen sprachwissenschaftlichen Literatur die auf kurländisch-lettischen Dialekten basierende Sprache bezeichnet, die von den Bewohnern – in erster Linie Fischern – auf der Kurischen Nehrung und daran angrenzenden Gebieten bis ca. 1958 gesprochen wurde. In der litauischsprachigen Literatur hat sich dafür der Terminus kuršininkų kalba bzw. kuršininkų tarmė, in der lettischen – kursenieku valoda eingebürgert.

From the history of the Georgian grammatical thought

Author(s): Giorgi Gogolashvili,Tamari Lomtadze / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2019

This article outlines some debates and issues in the field of Georgian linguistics and offers a research agenda for Georgian Grammar from the 5th century up to present day. It builds on previous research on the Georgian grammars. However, it is the first attempt to identify relevant periods and phases in the history of Georgian grammatical thought. Georgian grammar treatises, guidebooks and their history have been explored by several scholars but interrelations between standard Georgian and Georgian grammars have not been fully studied yet. The existence of standard Georgian doesn’t always coincide with the existence of normative grammars and vice versa. The study of the history of Georgian grammatical thought shows that in some periods normative grammars are dominant, while in others practical grammars are prevalent. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate that at different stages of its development Georgian grammatical thought produced different types of grammars. Even though Georgian written texts dating back to the 5th–11th centuries were written according the unified linguistic standard, implying the existence of normative grammar, we don’t have any evidence of the existence of such grammars except for supplementary text commentaries. From the 11th to the 19th centuries various types of grammar have been written but the existence of standard Georgian cannot be documented. In the 20th century standard Georgian goes hand in hand with normative grammars. The present paper aims to explore the ways in which different types of grammar have dominated throughout the history of Georgian grammatical thought and the lines alongside which it has developed from its origins up to present day. The authors employ methods of descriptive and diachronic analysis.

Heimat und Ausbreitung indogermanischer Stämme im Lichte der Namenforschung

Author(s): Jürgen Udolph / Language(s): German / Issue: 76/2017

Wenn man die Heimat und Ausbreitung der Indogermanen beschreiben will, ist es zunächst notwendig, die ursprünglichen Siedlungsgebiete der einzelnen indogermanischen Stämme zu ermitteln. Aufgrund der Gewässer- und Ortsnamen und auch aufgrund der guten und ertragreichen Böden, die eine kontinuierliche Besiedlung ermöglichen, lassen sich die Slaven am Nordhang der Karpaten lokalisieren, die Germanen nördlich des Harzes und die Kelten am Westrand der Alpen. Gewässernamen, die der Alteuropäischen Hydronymie zuzurechnen sind, zeigen weiter, dass von fast allen Siedlungsgebieten aus alte Beziehungen zum Baltikum und zu den baltischen Sprachen nachweisbar sind. Das Baltikum ist somit das Zentrum der indogermanischen Namen und es spricht nichts dagegen, es als Ausgangsbereich und Heimat der indogermanischen Expansionen anzusehen. Eine Heimat außerhalb der Alteuropäischen Hydronymie, sei es in Südrußland, in Kleinasien oder am Kaukasus ist ausgeschlossen.

Historia crítica de la lexicografía gitano-española

Author(s): Ivo Buzek / Language(s): Spanish / Publication Year: 2011

Publication deals with critical history of Spanish Gypsy lexicography. In first place, it pays attention to the theoretical lexicography and it applies its rules, mainly from the area of lexicographical criticism, to the corpus of Spanish Gypsy dictionaries. The main part of the book presents a critical study of repertoires of lexical units of this mixed dialect, starting from the 16th and 18th centuries manuscripts, 19th century amateur lexicographers’ dictionaries and ending up with 20th century ones. Final chapters look closely to Spanish Gypsy vocabularies and lists of lexical units present in publications about flamenco and Spanish Gypsies in general.

Jacob Grimm und die litauische Sprache – I. Studien und Korrespondenzen

Author(s): Philip Kraut / Language(s): German / Issue: 17/2015

This article summarizes Jacob Grimm’s research on the Baltic languages and cultures, Lithuanian in particular. Although Grimm never published an exclusive textbook on this subject, throughout his life he researched the genetic relationship between Lithuanian and the Germanic and Slavonic languages and certain aspects of Baltic literature and culture. The starting point for his interest was his reading of Rasmus Kristian Rask’s Undersögelse om det gamle Nordiske eller Islandske Sprogs Oprindelse (Kopenhagen 1818). In 1822, in his new edition of the Deutsche Grammatik, he also used Lithuanian as a cognate language to establish the First Germanic Sound Shift, which became famous as Grimm’s law. At this time, Grimm’s interest in Baltic languages also became apparent in his scholarly correspondence with the important German philologists Georg Friedrich Benecke and Karl Lachmann, in which he discussed issues of Lithuanian and the Old Prussian language and related specialist literature. As early as 1824, Grimm drew attention to a possible closer genetic relationship between the Baltic, Slavonic, and Germanic languages. Thanks to his rich annotations in his Lithuanian books, one can observe that Grimm read and understood Lithuanian fluently. The East Prussian promoters and collectors of Volkspoesie, Ferdinand Gottschalk and Cornelius Roose, wrote letters to Jacob Grimm that are published in this article for the first time, and also sent him collections of Lithuanian Volkspoesie. Jacob Grimm received contemporary baltistic specialist literature by Friedrich Kurschat, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann, and August Schleicher. The results of Grimm´s Baltic studies were published, e.g., in his Deutsche Grammatik or in reviews. When he began work on the Deutsches Wörterbuch 1851/52, he was able to participate at a high level in baltistic specialist discourse.

K vybraným lexikálním grécismům ve staroslověnštině a jejich rozšíření v slovanském areálu (s důrazem na makedonštinu a češtinu)

Author(s): Helena Karlíková / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

The article deals with lexical borrowings in Old Church Slavonic, particularly with borrowings from Greeks, from the point of view of their etymological origin, meaning and further spreading in other Slavonic languages. On examples from semantic field “architecture” it is shown that the borrowings in Old Church Slavonic constitute a peculiar part of the lexicon the sorting of which does not have a simple solution according to generalizing rules.

-kál végű igék az Erdélyi magyar szótörténeti tárban

Author(s): Borbála Zsemlyei / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

The main focus of the present article is connected to the morphological structure of Hungarian verbs that have as their final component the morpheme -kál. This is a problematic phenomenon, as the specialized literature presenting derivation (ex. Magyar grammatika, Strukturális magyar nyelvtan) does not include the morpheme -kál in the list of derivational suffixes, therefore the question rises whether -kál can be considered a derivational suffix at all, or do we have to deal with a suffix formed by two separate elements (the diminutive suffix -ka + the verbal suffix -l). To be more specific: in today’s spoken language there are several verbs – definitely formed by derivation – about which we cannot determine whether they were derivated in one or two steps. Therefore, the question is whether in the structure of the verb pisikál -kál is a derivative suffix in itself, or the verbal suffix -l is attached to the diminutivized version of the noun pisi (pisi + -ka). The same phenomenon can be observed in the case of other verbs as well hamikál (hamika + -l vs hami + -kál) or papikál (papika + -l vs papi + -kál). If it gets proved that such a denominal suffix exists, then there must be a deverbal suffix, too, which appears in the morphological structure of the verb járkál for instance. This means that we have two different suffixes: a denominal one and a verbal one. The present article analyses this problem from a historical perspective, based on the data of the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania.