Klausiamieji sakiniai publicistinio stiliaus tekstuose

Author(s): Audronė Bitinienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 53/2004

The article analyses interrogative sentences in journalistic style texts. In exploring their frequency and use tendencies, it is important that interrogative sentences can provide information, while the author himself may be their target audience. The functions of interrogative sentences are associated with many parameters, which indicate that the primary use area of these sentences is dialogue. The dialogising direction of journalistic style texts depend on its strains; the genre dispersion of the journalistic style is based on the relation between monologue and dialogue in the text. The basis of dialogue genres (interview; talk) is formed by a stylised dialogue; in monologue texts, interrogative sentences are most often included into dialogising fragments. It appears from specific texts that journalistic style texts are united by the attitude of a friendly, respectful conversation with the target person, with the aim of convincing and influencing him. This general attitude helps to realise linguistic instruments of a colloquial form. The dialogising of journalistic style texts brings monologue closer to the spoken language, but does not copy it. To summarise, it should be said that in journalistic style texts, it is possible to distinguish two layers of linguistic instruments corresponding to the functions of a linguistic act. Some linguistic instruments are associated with the communication of information; others are used for highlighting polemic statements. The elements of the first layer provide new information, while elements of the second group should be interpreted as verificational ones – conveying response to the possible opinion of the target person. For functional stylistics, it is important that factual information is associated with standard expression, while verificational elements – with implicit or explicit dialogue.

К истории становления сербского литературного языка: неологизмы в проповедях Гаврилы Стефановича Венцловича

Author(s): Irina Gučkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2014

The article deals with the neologisms in the sermons of Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović, a Serbian writer of the XVIIIth century, who was among the first to use Serbian vernacular as a standard language for the purpose of writing sermons. After the Vuk type of written language had won, lexical gaps were filled mainly words and expressions already present in the vernacular. This method provided a very limited stylistic and lexical inventory for the writers. Venclović’s stylistic neologisms, possessing such qualities as picturesqueness and semantic transparency, served to draw attention of the audience to the text of the sermon. Rooted in the biblical tradition, they represent a ‘bridge’ between the Old Church Slavonic lexical legacy and the Serbian vernacular, as well as demonstrate the possibility for the creation of a standard language based on vernacular, without divorcement from the tradition of Cyril and Methodius. For a more detailed analysis of the neologisms in the language of Venclović’s sermons the author has chosen the category of verbal nouns with the suffix -lac, which were further categorized into complex and simple nouns, according to the derivation feature.

Декоративные вербы в западной Беларуси и восточной Литве во второй половине ХХ–начале ХХI вв.

Author(s): Jonas Mardosa / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2013

Various consecrated symbols play a special role in folk culture and folk religion. In the Christian liturgy, the verba (palm) is a symbol having a concrete religious meaning. In the second half of the 20th century, in Western Belarus and Eastern Lithuania, a tendency to consider verba from the aesthetic point of view emerged. An exceptional case among the verba (between Belarusian, Russian, Polish, and Lithuanian believers) are the decorated symbol, which may be called palm-shape verba. Amongst the believers of Belarus, regardless of confession, the decorated verba (with flowers) has become a symbol of the contemporary religious identity. Verbas with decorations in Eastern Lithuania are more popular amongst Polish believers; in Western Belarus, they are blessed regardless of confessional and nationality differences. In the beginning of the 21st century, three main variants of palm-shaped verba may be found. The first variant is made from willow or juniper twigs decorated with dry and green flower blossoms (or the twigs of both trees are used together). The second and very popular decoration variant is artificial flowers attached to a willow twig. In the third variant, the blossoms made from threads are arranged along the whole length of a willow twig. An exceptional case among the decorated verbas in Eastern Lithuania are the Vilnius verba. This variant of decorated verba first appeared at the start of the 19th century in the surrounding areas of Vilnius. Originally, these verbas were associated with the Polish religious and folk culture of Southeast Lithuania. In the second half of the 20th century, the Vilnius verbas were strongly linked with the Catholic Lithuanian and Polish folk culture of the Vilnius region, but have not been popular amongst the believers of Belarus. Considerable differences may be noticed in the scope and content of decorative elements in the verba of Lithuania and Belarus. In Lithuania, decorated verbas are more popular among urban Catholics. Thus, verba reveals the diversity of the Christian tradition, which comprises the exceptional features of the contemporary folk religion in Eastern Lithuania and Western Belarus. Through the link between the verba and the ethnic and confessional communities, these variants of the symbol become an important identity-forming factor for the inhabitants of Western Belarus and Eastern Lithuania in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century

Kilka słów o niemieckich podręcznikach i tradycjach pisania autobiograficznego – najciekawsze porady i inspiracje

Author(s): Brigitta Helbig‑Mischewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Currently a huge number of manuals on creative writing, especially autobiographical writing, isbeing published in Germany. Also very popular are literary autobiographies about family historiesconnected to the former GDR. The German manuals distinguish between the two most populartypes of autobiographical writing: writing as therapy (inspired by psychoanalytical thought) andwriting for literary purposes. Their techniques overlap more and more, inspire each other andthus bear the fruit of new methods to stimulate one’s creativity. Creative writing can be aimed atprivate purposes (f.e. to leave behind a symbolic legacy for one’s descendants) or can be aimed atthe public – the chosen method depends on the goal. The author of the text presents the manuals’most interesting advises on the motivation for writing, the best conditions for creative work,techniques of non-linear writing, the stimulation of private memories, narrative techniques andquestions of style and language. The author also points to the existential aspect of autobiographicalwriting – it deepens one’s experience of life.

Gramatyka polska Jana Łosia – pierwsza gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Ewa Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

Гетеротопия одного стихотворения («Пляска» Н. Асеева как балто-славянский текст)

Author(s): Serguey Preobrazhensky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The situation of heterotopia naturally appears in the areas in which multinational cultural and historic context creates premises for ambiguous choice of interpreting the message text, i.e., the areas where the common interpretative convention does not exist. Such premises have been a typical peculiarity of some parts of Central Europe, since the moment of the formation of national civilization structures up to the present time. In frontier areas the relations between centre and periphery are more complicated than the binary centric model “centre – outskirts” which presupposes reproducing the messages of the centre in terms of outskirts. The article deals with the application of the concept ‘heterotopia’ to the field of metric and semantic analyses of rhythmically ambiguous and semantically vague texts. As an example N. Aseev’s poem “Pliaska” (“Folk Dance”) is under consideration. The poem is of interest due to its rhythmical characteristics, as well as to its content and lexical choice, including that of proper names, which indicate the author being influenced by poetical and historic realia of Balto-Slavonic border areas (“kresy” in the Polish language). The poem is analysed in a wide context of Slavonic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian and Polish) poetry. The paper also touches upon a Slavonic versification universalia, the so-called hexasyllabic verse consisting of two (rarely three) phonetic words. Such type of verse in the context of Russian poetry is usually regarded as exclusively Ukrainian by its origin and as a bright sign of stylization of this kind. The article proposes another interpretation of hexasyllabic verse, namely as a sign of Balto-Slavonic heterotopia.

Незамеченные семантические полонизмы в приказном языке Московского государства

Author(s): Liudmila Pavlovna Garbul / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2016

This article examines the history of the following words found in the 17th c. Musco¬vite State diplomatic correspondence: nasaditi ‘appoint, nominate; invest with author¬ity’, nasaditisja ‘put smb. hostilely, with enmity against smth.; be up in arms (against); threaten, imperil’, nužnyj ‘poor, beggarly, squalid, miserable; meagre, scanty; bad, nasty’, oprava ‘repair(s), repairing; restoration, renewal; improvement’, pobrati ‘take away, be¬reave of; take possession of, seize’, privernuti ‘return, restore, recover’, strašlivyj ‘ter-rible, frightful, horrific’, sumnen’e ‘conscience’, teplica (-y) ‘a locality with hot springs; pl. health resort with hot springs’.The author argues that these words, in the meanings provided above, are probably semantic calques from Polish in the Russian written language of the 16th and 17th centu¬ries, which were borrowed likely through mediation of the written language of the Great Duchy of Lithuania, with the exception of nasaditi.

К вопросу о роли письменности Великого княжества Литовского в межславянских языковых контактах

Author(s): Liudmila Pavlovna Garbulj / Language(s): Russian Issue: -/2017

This article deals with the twofold role of written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the chancery language and the “prostaja mova“) in inter-Slavonic, mainly Polish-Russian language contacts, studied on the materials of the diplomatic correspondence of Mucsovy. This study summarizes the research data proving that the written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania played the role of an active mediator in the 15–17th centuries in Polish-Russian language contacts and was a source of lexical and semantic borrowings in the Russian written language. What is more, the article examines anew the exposed lexical and semantic borrowings from the written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Russian Chancery language of the 17th century.

Traduire la peur: une étude contrastive

Author(s): Effrosyni Lamprou,Freiderikos Valetopoulos / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2020

In this paper, we examine the question of the verbalization of fear and its translation from Modern Greek into French. The target texts of our analysis are of two types: translations of experienced translators and translations of Cypriot learners. We study data from the analysis of our translation corpus and we question the conceptualisation of the emotion of fear.

Дом и представления о нем в русских свадебных приговорах

Author(s): Yulia Krasheninnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

In this work, a list of the house nominations, stylistic and poetic means and techniques used to describe the groom’s and bride’s houses are considered based on published and archival materials of the 19th — early 21st centuries. The description of the newlyweds’ houses is formed by depicting three macrolocuses: the adjacent territory, or courtyard; the zone connecting the courtyard with the interior of the dwelling (porch, door, threshold) and the interior of the house, the image of which is formed by sequentially naming the loci that are most significant from the ritual viewpoint (place of honor, wide bench, furnace, etc.). The houses of both the groom and the bride are described using the very same poetic means of the ‘house’ semantic group. The concept of the bride’s house as a “strange” space for the groom’s party is manifested in speeches related to climbing the porch, opening doors, crossing the threshold and entrance. As the groomsman progresses and claims the house territory, the sense of the house as “strange” intensifies, reaches a critical point at the moment of crossing the threshold and declines after the entrance to the house. The dynamics of the groomsman’s image is revealed in speeches emphasizing the crossing of the threshold. The entrance of the best man to the house is interpreted as a case of crossing the boundary: penetration of the “strange” space is accompanied by a deterioration in vision, the onset of limpness and muteness, being marked, losing clothes or shoes, and giving away material values (money). As he claims the “strange” space and transcodes it into “own space,” the temporary physical indisposition of the groomsman passes. The courtyard, staircase, steps, porch, and threshold are regularly depicted in the descriptions of houses and adjacent territory. The most frequent epithets are wide and new. Numerous diminutives are another feature of the texts that describe the house.

Found in Narration: Nonhuman Voices in Jessica Grant’s "Come, Thou Tortoise" and Colin McAdam’s "A Beautiful Truth"

Author(s): Magdalena Jagodzka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article delves into the problem of nonhuman subjectivity in two literary texts: Jessica Grant’s Come, Thou Tortoise with the first-person tortoise narration, and Colin McAdam’s A Beautiful Truth that employs the collective primate narrator. While nonhumans cannot actively participate in the act of creation of the text, their presence in the story, arranged by the author, conveys multiple meanings. Considerations of the narrative techniques are critical for negotiating the relevance of nonhuman actors. I argue that although each author finds different methods of giving voice to nonhumans and both ensure practical significance of animal particularity, nonhuman subjectivity should not be perceived as a fixed value of the presented literary texts.

Three Ways of Looking at a Tiger: Animal Minds in Yann Martel’s "Life of Pi"

Author(s): Xinyi Cao / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Engagement with animals is a central theme in Yann Martel’s novel Life of Pi, reflected and shaped by the character-narrator Pi’s reading of animal minds. The article examines attributions of minds to animals in three types of encounters with them: observation, interaction, and narration. While in childhood Pi tends to project human temperaments and emotions onto animals, he is forced to recognize animals’ species-specific experiences as the shipwreck foregrounds his embodiment. As such, the novel introduces the logic of nonhuman psychology into narrative development, formulating an intersubjective and interspecies relationship. Furthermore, at the end of the novel, it alerts us to intellectual and therapeutic functions of animals as narrative elements through a comparison between representations of human and animal minds. The text not only identifies different forms of presence of animals in the human world, but generates insights into how narrative in general conveys and responds to complex human-animal entanglements in our reality.

Административный восторг: крылатое слово Достоевского как средство оценки в тексте СМИ

Author(s): Jelena Jegorowa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 169/2020

The given paper is dedicated to the analysis of the word combination “administrative delight,” which was firstly used by F. Dostoevsky in his novel Demons to describe the bureaucratic arbitrariness, and later on became a figure of speech. By considering the examples of the usage of the mentioned stylistic device in Russian, Ukrainian and Polish mass media, the context extension and the change of semantics were pointed out by the author of the paper. The undertaken research leads to the conclusion about the universality and the convincing factor of the viability of the figure of speech created by F. Dostoevsky.

Оценочность в медийном тексте — интерпретации переводчика

Author(s): Alicja Pstyga / Language(s): Russian Issue: 169/2020

The paper touches the matter of evaluation in press discourse which is presented from the perspective of Russian press articles translation into Polish language. Axiology in terms of press articles translation — creative, also usually persuasive, in which various means are used as carriers of evaluative connotations describing the matter of statement in negative or positive way — prompts us to consider to what extent the original evaluation is reproduced (or changed). The author proves that the holistic view on original and translated media texts allows to discover also other important elements of press articles structure which presence, emphasis or omission influences axiological valuation.

Osmanlı Türkçesinde Arapça ve Farsça Kökenli Duygu Sözcükleri

Author(s): Ahmet Ferhat Özkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 71/2021

Emotion researches has gained momentum in many fields of social sciences with the rise of social constructivist perspective which claims emotions are not only biological impulses but also socio-cultural constructs. One of these disciplines, “the history of emotions”, focuses on changes of emotions over time, and their differences in various cultures, with reference to historical texts and literary works to list emotional vocabulary of the language it focuses. In this regard, detecting emotional vocabulary of Turkish language would yield useful results not only for Turkish literature researches but also to track histories of emotions in Turkish. In this respect, it is important to detect the emotion words belonging to another cultural sphere, of which Turkish language in Western field starts to interact from 13th century. This lexicon search tries to identify Arabic and Persian originated “emotion nouns” of Ottoman Turkish from 13th to 19th centuries. For this purpose, Ottoman Turkish – Modern Turkish Dictionary of Ferit Devellioğlu, which is the most extended dictionary of Ottoman Turkish from 13th to 19th centuries, has been looked up item by item, and three hundred and ninety five words which express an emotion or an affect have been found. Afterwords, the vocabulary found in Devellioğlu Sözlük, searched in Kamus-ı Türkî, the most reliable dictionary of Ottoman Turkish for 19th century, to understand whether they still exit or is there any semantic changes. In this process it is aimed to determine the emotional lexicon which is borrowed from Arabic and Persian of Ottoman Turkish from 13th centuries to 19th centuries, and their situations especially in 19th century in which new genres of Turkish literatures emerged.

Anglizmi u jezičnim savjetnicima posljednjega desetljeća 20. st.

Author(s): Vlatka Štimac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2003

The paper deals with the issues of lexical-and-semantic standards, in particular those concerning loan-words but with a special emphasis on anglicisms, that can be found in the current usages published in the 1990s. The anglicisms, taken from Croatian language guides, are listed first. Then the principles of regularity, used by the authors in suggesting their Croatian equivalents, are analysed. There is a question - whether the authors were too puristic, i. e. how much are the suggested equivalents acceptable and how much are they accepted?

Novotvary a internacionalismy v češtině v období pandemie covid-19

Author(s): Gabriela ENTLOVÁ / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The paper represents a brief inquiry into the occurrence of neologisms, borrowings and international terms used in the Czech language, strictly bound by the contemporary covid-19 pandemic events. The employed examples include both, older borrowings, fully domesticated in Czech, as well as the new ones, not yet recorded in any of the reliable printed Czech dictionaries. It focuses mainly on borrowings of Greco-Latin adstrate but also on loanwords of Romance origin, Anglicisms and, to a limited extent, loanwords of German origin in Czech. In addition, a small number of examples is represented by the terms of Slavic and Old Czech origin. The article outlines how the currently used lexical units from different source languages function in the Czech language and their level of adaptation to the Czech orthographic, phonological and morphological systems including some of their semantic peculiarities.

Evaluarea logopedică la început de an școlar. Model de fișă de evaluare logopedică și aplicații

Author(s): Claudia Doinita Gherlea,Daciana Panțiru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this paper was to illustrate the approach of speech and language asssessment developed within the Interschool Speech Therapy Centers in Romania (Centrele Logopedice Interșcolare), at the beginning of the school year, in a pandemic context. It presents the initial evaluation of students and preschoolers, but also the way in which the complex evaluation of children identified with speech and language disorders is developed, fallowing the legislation and specific methodology. The Speech and Language Evaluation Scale is a very useful tool at this stage and beyond. This helps to condense the relevant data about children, to formulate the speech therapy diagnosis and to outline the therapeutic approach. The developed model addresses both aspects of psychomotor development and aspects of pronunciation and articulation. It is designed mainly for primary school students, but can also be applied to preschoolers. The presented case study is intended to highlight the way this model can be used, at various stages, in a specific intervention strategy.

Exil interior, disidenţă, nostalgie. Dinspre John Neubauer spre Svetlana Boym

Author(s): Dumitru-Mircea Buda / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2015

The article discusses the concepts of interior exile, dissidence and nostalgia starting from the ideas of John Neubauer, attempting to draw similarities and typologies in the larger picture of 20th century European political and cultural immigration. The cases of Central-East European writers such as Thomas Mann, Frank Thiess, Imre Kertesz or Ferenc Fejto or the Russians Victor Şklovsky and Joseph Brodsky (offered as examples by Svetlana Boym) are considered relevant.

The PhytoLex plant name database: results and perspectives

Author(s): Valeria B. Kolosova,Kira I. Kovalenko,Georgy A. Molkov / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

Russian plant names are a semantic group poorly represented in historical dictionaries. During the project “Russian phytonyms in diachronic aspect (11th– 17th c.)” (2017–2020), the PhytoLex database was created, which contains plant names recorded in Russian texts of the 11th–17th centuries. The population of the database was accompanied by research work devoted to various issues relating to the representation of plant names in the Russian language in general, and in particular in relation to some specific genres: herbals, documents of the Apothecary Chancery, business documents, church literature and lexicons. Some earlier unknown plant names were identified. These database materials will be the basis for the dictionary of Old Russian plant names, draft word entries for which have been compiled. Technical solutions will be used during the creation of a further database representing plant names recorded in later periods of the Russian language.