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"auleta" und es bleibt alles beim Neuen! Zur Konstitution der polnischen Fachneologismen im Bereich der altgriechischen Musik.

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawlowski / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.

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"U Doni Gjoni, biri i Bdek Buzukut ...” (Edhe një herë për prejardhjen e emrave Buzuk-u dhe Bdek-u)

Author(s): David Luka / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

In this essay/article, after introducing briefly the ideas expressed by various linguists on the matter in question, the author throws into discussion two issues: the origine of the patronymic Buzuku, as well as the origine of the name of Gjon’s father (Bdek), giving thus his contribution. He thinks that the two names, Buzuk and Buzuq, are nominal compounds. There is no doubt that the first part of these compounds is the noun buz/ë/(lip/s), but with the meaning ‘brink, border, bank’. It seems that with this meaning, are especially linked the toponyms and micro-toponyms, numerous throughout all the toponomastic nomenclature in our country, which come out since early times in various medieval documents to our days. The second part of Buzuk/Buzuq is the name Ujk (wolf), which appears since early in documents as personal name. It seems, then, that in Buzuk as well as in Buzuq, we have a compounding or a juxtaposition of two nouns, which originally named a place, buzë ‘brink’, where there were wolves, this perhaps in connection to some occurrence, now petrified in the micro-toponym Bazulk (respectively Buzuk). Later the noun must have been used as a patronym; over time it may have passed also to the naming of the village according to the name of the kin holding it. We are then within that circle which E. Çabej calls ‘the system of Albanian anthroponomy’.

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(Non-)Configurationality and the Internal Syntax of Adjectives in Old Romanian

Author(s): Raluca Braescu,Adina Dragomirescu,Alexandru Nicolae / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

This paper deals with three phenomena specific to old Romanian: pre-head complements to adjectives (i.e. head-final adjectival structures), post-adjectival degree markers, and discontinuous adjectival and degree phrases. Following recent work by Ledge-way, we defend the hypothesis that the old Romanian adjectival phrase preserves relics of the head-final and non-configurational syntax of Latin. The fact that pre-head complements of adjectives and post-adjectival degree markers represent a genuine instance of head-finality (i.e. roll-up movement) is reinforced by the existence of discontinuous adjectival phrases (the hallmark of non-configurationality), discontinuous structures being unavailable in harmonic head-initial systems (Ledge-way forthcoming b)

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(Under)specification of the person feature in relative clauses

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(Under)specification of the person feature in relative clauses

Author(s): Kaori Furuya / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

By examining ϕ-agreement in relative clauses, this paper investigates the relation between syntax and morphology in terms of the person feature. English relativized subjects appear to have different phi-features for the purposes of subject–verb agreement and binding relations. The verbal morphology uniformly displays 3rd person whereas reflexive binding shows 1st/2nd person in addition to 3rd person. If subject extraction must trigger an invariable verbal form as Ouhalla (1993) argues, the binding alternations cannot be accounted for. This paper proposes dual properties of the person feature based on Harley and Ritter’s (2002) feature geometry, and argues that relativized subjects may not obtain both properties of the person feature from the head noun via Agree. This partial agreement causes morphosyntactic variation in English and cross-linguistically in Distributed Morphology (DM). The current analysis demonstrates that referential and morphological (under)specifications are kept separate under the constraint of the syntactic operation Agree.

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1595 Tarihli Defter-i Mufassal-ı Livâ-i Ahısha’da Geçen Türkçe Kökenli Kişi Adları Üzerine

Author(s): Sinan Uygur / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 0/2017

One copy of this book that was made about in 1595 is in the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre in Ankara and another one is in Sakartvelos Sahelmtzebi Muzeumi in Tbilisi just after following the conquest of Ahiska whose Muslim people were exiled in 1944 and it was conquered by Ottomans in 1578 and occupied by Russians in 1828. The book both has an important place in historical researches in the way of showing that the economic and civilian administration structuring of the region and inclusion of the names of the taxpayers makes it valuable from the point of Turkish language and culture. However, the names of rich person in the book have been evaluated superficially by those who have not been experts before, and have been made inferences about the ethnic structure of the region based on these names in the book. We will examine these previous studies about the book and discuss the names of the Turkish people recorded in the book from the point of phonetics of the historical Turkish dialects, morphology and vocabulary, and will be emphasized on these names that bear trace which of Turkish dialects.

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1759 metų Ziwato moteriškojo linksniavimo daiktavardžiai ir jų raida

Author(s): Sonata Vaiciakauskiene / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 68/2013

The present article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the feminine-type declension nouns as represented by the 18th century best record of the Northern Zemaiciai (Samogitians) of Kretinga Dialect – the Ziwato, published in 1759. The feminine-type declension comprises three kinds of stem: ā and ā, and also ē stems. The data of the Ziwato Dialect were compared with the data of the present-day form use in the Northern Zemaiciai of Kretinga Dialect. The comparative study of the noun stem paradigms revealed certain characteristic features and tendencies in the morphological development of proper names in the Northern Zemaiciai of Kretinga Dialect. The comparative analysis proved that changes in the noun forms of the feminine-type declension and the abundance of homonymous forms had been preconditioned by the phonetic developments in the Dialect as well as by the patterns of stressing. Thus the morphological development of the dialect depends both on morphological and phonological phenomena.

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A „TESTESÜLTSÉG” ALAKZATAI A FOGALMI METAFORÁKBAN1

Author(s): Edit Katona / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2017

In this paper, based on long-term research and scientific theoretical foundations, the author looks into the issues of embodiment in cognitive metaphors. Grounding on her experiences, she engages in the matter of metaphorical competence and presents the forms of metaphorical cognition, its most common manifestations, as well as the web of metaphors and its mapping factors.

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A case for two voices in Old Church Slavonic – reflexively marked OCS verbs

Author(s): Anna Malicka-Kleparska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Old Church Slavonic data manifest significant similarities in the distribution and formal properties of anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals, while their semantics may also be viewed as partly uniform. The structures representing the said classes of verbs are very frequent in the language, while passive structures, formed with analytic morpho-syntactic constructions, are relatively infrequent. Consequently, the expressions headed by anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals (as well as dative impersonal structures) encroach on the area of semantics belonging in Modern Slavic to be the realm expressed in terms of passive morpho-syntax. The conclusion that can be drawn from this state of affairs is that Old Church Slavonic is characterized by the opposition of active and middle voices, while the passive voice is in its infancy.

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A Feature Geometric Approach of Verbal Inflection in Onondaga

Author(s): Gabriela Alboiu,Michael Barrie / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Iroquoian inflectional verbal morphology is well-documented in the descriptive literature (Chafe 1961, Lounsbury 1949, 1953, Michelson and Doxtator 2002), but has received less attention from a generative perspective. Most generative analyses of verbal inflection rely on the notion of tense as a central category and the universal projection of a Tense Phrase. Onondaga (Northern Iroquoian), however, often makes very little use of tense as a grammatical concept, capitalizing instead on the notions of aspect and mood, thereby rendering the standard generative approach inappropriate. Instead, we propose that a feature geometric analysis (Cowper 2005), which does not rely on tense as a central concept, is better suited for analyzing the Onondaga verbal inflectional domain.

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A HISTORICAL MORPHOLOGY OF WESTERN KARAIM: THE -p edi- PAST TENSE IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN DIALECT

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The present paper describes the -p edi- past tense in Western Karaim – the first such attempt made in the available scholarly literature. It is important to note that the paper is based not only on philological data collected from manuscripts from the 18th–20th centuries, but also on field research conducted by the late Polish Turcologist, Józef Sulimowicz (1913–1973). His linguistic informants were Karaims from Halych.

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A note on Mandarin Chinese wordhood

Author(s): Henrietta Yang / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2007

This study investigates the structural differences between the so-called de -modification, [Adj de N], and the so-called de -less modification, [Adj N], in Mandarin Chinese. I argue that the Adj’s followed by de are phrasal and have freer syntactic distribution. I further argue that the de -less modification should be analyzed as a morphosyntactic word (MWd) under the N head in the sense of Embick — Noyer (2001). This proposal accounts for the ordering fact that Adj’s with de cannot intervene between a de -less Adj and N or between two de -less Adj’s.

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A protocol for psych verbs

Author(s): Giuliana Giusti,Rossela Iovino / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

So-called psychological verbs such as Italian temere ‘fear’, preoccupare ‘worry’, and piacere ‘like’ present an extremely varied argument structure across languages, that arranges these two roles in apparently opposite hierarchies and assigns them different grammatical functions (subject, direct, indirect and prepositional objects). This paper wants to provide a descriptively adequate classification of such verbs in Latin and Italian to serve future analyses irrespective of their theoretical persuasion. We individuate six classes in Italian and seven classes in Latin, which comply with Belletti and Rizzi’s (1988) original analysis of psych verbs and focus on the three less studied classes, namely unaccusatives, unergatives and impersonals. We show that diachronic variation and apparent intra-language idiosyncrasies are due to the fact that these classes are universally available to all psych roots. The presentation is set in a protocol fashion in the sense of Giusti and Zegrean (2015) and Di Caro and Giusti (2015).

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A Slavonic etymology of Hung. ocsúdik ‘to come to, to awake’ and the question of the morphological adaptation of Slavonic loan verbs in Hungarian

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A Slavonic etymology of Hung. ocsúdik ‘to come to, to awake’ and the question of the morphological adaptation of Slavonic loan verbs in Hungarian

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The two Turkic etymologies of Hung. ocsúdik (1508) ‘to awake, to come to, to regain consciousness’ proposed, on the one hand, in the late 19th century by Vámbéry (1870) and, on the other, by K. Palló in 1976 and 1982, have been rightly rejected by the authors of TLH. At the same time, the explanation for the origin of this word found in the etymological dictionaries of Hungarian (TESz, EWUng, Zaicz 2006), namely, that it is a derivative of an unknown unproductive stem, is not entirely convincing for morphological reasons. The present paper offers a new etymology for this word, explaining it as a loanword from East Slavonic очюдитися ‘to regain consciousness, to awake’ attested in 16th- and 17th-century Russian. The starting point for the discussion is M. Stachowski’s (2014) article, in which he compared Hung. ocsúdik with Polish dialectal ocudzić ‘to revive’.

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A split DP-analysis of Croatian noun phrases

Author(s): Željka Caruso / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2016

This paper investigates the syntactic structure of nominal expressions in Croatian and proposes their analysis in terms of a split DP. Within the split DP-approach, the nominal left periphery contains functional projections DefP, FocP, TopP and DP. I will show that these functional categories host different lexical items (e.g. determiners, demonstratives, possessives, etc.) that contribute to the (in)definiteness and specificity of the Croatian noun phrase. A reanalysis of the nominal left periphery in terms of a split DP allows for the explanation of DP-internal word order variations, along with some other syntactic phenomena.

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Abraham Kajzer i jego tekst z obozów koncentracyjnych – studium przypadku

Author(s): Barbara Elmanowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The author analyses one of the intimate diaries from concentration camps written by AbrahamKajzer, who was a prisoner of KL Auschwitz-Birkenau and AL Riese (which was a part of KL Gross-Rosen on Lower Silesia). In article is uses Paweł Rodak’s theory of broad understanding of diary’s materiality as a writing practice, which was very complicated and difficult during the World WarII, especially at concentrations camps (finding material and tool to write, organizing space andwork out a ritual of writing; also place where notes were hiding and their fates in the post-war years). Diary it’s not only on textual level but it’s closely related to regular life. But in the campwriting daries was extremely dangerous practice (author could pay with his own life for it). Abraham Kajzer was an writing in Yiddish on empty cement bags with indelible pencil in camplatrine, where he was also hiding notes. After war he passed on his material to Adam Ostoja, who translated them and edited to publication.Kajzer described his reality in concentration camps and many traumatic experiences, which are one of many evidences of the Nazi genocide.

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Accentuation Models of Disyllabic Nouns in the Southern Aukštaitian Dialect

Author(s): Vilija Ragaišiene / Language(s): English / Issue: 68/2016

The article provides an analysis of the accentuation of disyllabic nouns in the Southern Aukštaitian (SAuk) dialect spoken in Southern Lithuania (Alytus, Lazdijai, Varėna, Šalčininkai, Druskininkai and Trakai districts). The term pietų aukštaičiai (southern Aukštaitians) was coined by scholars; because of certain phonetic peculiarities of the dialect, the inhabitants of southern Lithuania consider themselves to be dzūkai (Dzūkians). The SAuk has been of special interest to both dialectologists and Baltic language specialists for a long time. The archaic grammatical forms, syntactic constructions, phonetic, accentual and lexical peculiarities that are features of these dialects are intertwined with new phenomena and thus reveal many stages of the development of the dialect of the Southern Aukštaitians, which in turn can be of help in finding answers to some unanswered questions about the development and usage of language. For this reason more attention and research has been devoted to the SAuk dialect and its broader connections with language as a whole. The article analyses the tendencies of the accentuation parallels of disyllabic nouns with ā, ē, a and i̯a1 stems in the SAuk dialect. Drawing on audio and written sources dating from 1952–2015, the spread of the accentuation variants of the words and their forms in the same subdialect, separate subdialects and/or their groups are discussed; the accentuation patterns of disyllabic nouns with the productive ā, ē, a and i̯a stems that are stressed in various ways are described, and the nature of their prevalence in the area of the dialect is established. The study uses quantitative, geolinguistic and comparative methods.

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Accepţia ideologiei ca discurs

Author(s): Nicoleta Nesu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2-II/2010

The present paper fouses on the relationship between ideology and the political discourse, as well as on the relationship between ideology and propaganda. Our aim is to undeline the discoursive prospective of the ideology, seen into the global frame of the general communication process. A special attention is given to van Dijk´s three-dimension model of the ideologic discourse, based on a interdisciplinary theory of ideology which takes into consideration the level of the ideology´s nature, the level of its cognitive representation and the level of its modalities of expression.

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Acquisition of noun derivation in Estonian and Russian L1

Author(s): Reili Argus,Victoria Kazakovskaya / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2018

Acquisition of derivation is not a well-studied area in first language research and a comparative approach to the acquisition of derivation in different languages doesn’t exist. There is no information on how a child acquires derivation in a language with a rich and regular system of derivational patterns, or in a language where derivation is productive, but the system of derivational patterns is opaque. According to general ideas of complexity in a language, the child should start to use simplex stems first and, only after that, complex ones, that is, complexity should increase in the course of acquisition. Our paper is intended to address these issues, based on longitudinal child data from typologically different languages, Estonian and Russian. The results revealed significant differences in the acquisition of noun derivation in the two languages under observation. The system of noun derivation is acquired at a faster pace in Russian, while Estonian children have far fewer noun derivatives in their speech and they use different derivation suffixes with less regularity. Even so, the so-called building block model may be applied for both languages only partially.

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Adaptacije germanizama u međimurskom dijalektu

Author(s): Ðuro Blažeka / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2009

In this paper the author analyzes a corpus of Germanisms that have been collected in field research of the dialect of Međimurje. The corpus is analyzed in terms of parts of speech, in terms of extralinguistic reality to which the words belong and in terms of their phonological, morphological and semantic adaptations. A special effort is made to include the variations of replicas at different local points of the dialect of Međimurje in terms of expression and contents. In the chapter on semantic adaptations, a special emphasis is made on the analysis of the seven different kinds of recent secondary semantic adaptations by means of which all the Germanism that have their equivalents in the standard Croatian prolong their presence in the active vocabulary of the speakers of the dialect of Međimurje.

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Adaptacja obcych elementów językowych w nazwiskach opoczyńskich

Author(s): Genowefa Surma / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 27/1993

Die Anpassung fremder Sprachelemente an das polnische Sprachsystem wurde durch bestimmte kulturelle Tendenzen in Polen (wie Latinisierung slawischer und Polonisierung lateinischer Namen im Alt- und Mittelpolnischen), durch historische Gegebenheiten (wie deutsche Kolonisation und Ansiedlung von Juden, wodurch deutsche und jüdische Namen an das Polnische angepaßt werden mußten - aber auch umgekehrt) und schließlich durch bestimmte regionale Bedingtheit (wie Nachbarschaft mit russischen Dialekten) begünstigt. Fremde Namen wurden sowohl phonetisch als auch morphologisch auf das Polnische abgestimmt. Mit fremden Basen korrelierten nunmehr polnische Formanten -ewic(z)l/-owic(z), die patronymische Namen mit russischen, deutschen und jüdischen Basen herstellten; weiterhin sind -ski in lauter struktureller Funktion, -k in patronymischer und diminutiver Funktion sowie -as in struktureller Funktion zu nennen. Polnische Vor- und Zunamen wurden vor allem mit Hilfe der Flexion und mit Wortbildungsmitteln sowie durch Übersetzung (Niger dictus Czarny) latinisiert, germanisiert dagegen wurden sie meist mit dem Suffix -er in patronymischer, struktureller und die Abstammung sigmalisierender Funktion (Kaliszer : Kalisz). Russische Einflüsse markieren die Formanten -uk, -ko.

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