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"auleta" und es bleibt alles beim Neuen! Zur Konstitution der polnischen Fachneologismen im Bereich der altgriechischen Musik.

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawlowski / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2015

Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.

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"U Doni Gjoni, biri i Bdek Buzukut ...” (Edhe një herë për prejardhjen e emrave Buzuk-u dhe Bdek-u)

Author(s): David Luka / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

In this essay/article, after introducing briefly the ideas expressed by various linguists on the matter in question, the author throws into discussion two issues: the origine of the patronymic Buzuku, as well as the origine of the name of Gjon’s father (Bdek), giving thus his contribution. He thinks that the two names, Buzuk and Buzuq, are nominal compounds. There is no doubt that the first part of these compounds is the noun buz/ë/(lip/s), but with the meaning ‘brink, border, bank’. It seems that with this meaning, are especially linked the toponyms and micro-toponyms, numerous throughout all the toponomastic nomenclature in our country, which come out since early times in various medieval documents to our days. The second part of Buzuk/Buzuq is the name Ujk (wolf), which appears since early in documents as personal name. It seems, then, that in Buzuk as well as in Buzuq, we have a compounding or a juxtaposition of two nouns, which originally named a place, buzë ‘brink’, where there were wolves, this perhaps in connection to some occurrence, now petrified in the micro-toponym Bazulk (respectively Buzuk). Later the noun must have been used as a patronym; over time it may have passed also to the naming of the village according to the name of the kin holding it. We are then within that circle which E. Çabej calls ‘the system of Albanian anthroponomy’.

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(Non-)Configurationality and the Internal Syntax of Adjectives in Old Romanian

Author(s): Raluca Braescu,Adina Dragomirescu,Alexandru Nicolae / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

This paper deals with three phenomena specific to old Romanian: pre-head complements to adjectives (i.e. head-final adjectival structures), post-adjectival degree markers, and discontinuous adjectival and degree phrases. Following recent work by Ledge-way, we defend the hypothesis that the old Romanian adjectival phrase preserves relics of the head-final and non-configurational syntax of Latin. The fact that pre-head complements of adjectives and post-adjectival degree markers represent a genuine instance of head-finality (i.e. roll-up movement) is reinforced by the existence of discontinuous adjectival phrases (the hallmark of non-configurationality), discontinuous structures being unavailable in harmonic head-initial systems (Ledge-way forthcoming b)

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(Under)specification of the person feature in relative clauses

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(Under)specification of the person feature in relative clauses

Author(s): Kaori Furuya / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

By examining ϕ-agreement in relative clauses, this paper investigates the relation between syntax and morphology in terms of the person feature. English relativized subjects appear to have different phi-features for the purposes of subject–verb agreement and binding relations. The verbal morphology uniformly displays 3rd person whereas reflexive binding shows 1st/2nd person in addition to 3rd person. If subject extraction must trigger an invariable verbal form as Ouhalla (1993) argues, the binding alternations cannot be accounted for. This paper proposes dual properties of the person feature based on Harley and Ritter’s (2002) feature geometry, and argues that relativized subjects may not obtain both properties of the person feature from the head noun via Agree. This partial agreement causes morphosyntactic variation in English and cross-linguistically in Distributed Morphology (DM). The current analysis demonstrates that referential and morphological (under)specifications are kept separate under the constraint of the syntactic operation Agree.

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1759 metų Ziwato moteriškojo linksniavimo daiktavardžiai ir jų raida

Author(s): Sonata Vaiciakauskiene / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 68/2013

The present article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the feminine-type declension nouns as represented by the 18th century best record of the Northern Zemaiciai (Samogitians) of Kretinga Dialect – the Ziwato, published in 1759. The feminine-type declension comprises three kinds of stem: ā and ā, and also ē stems. The data of the Ziwato Dialect were compared with the data of the present-day form use in the Northern Zemaiciai of Kretinga Dialect. The comparative study of the noun stem paradigms revealed certain characteristic features and tendencies in the morphological development of proper names in the Northern Zemaiciai of Kretinga Dialect. The comparative analysis proved that changes in the noun forms of the feminine-type declension and the abundance of homonymous forms had been preconditioned by the phonetic developments in the Dialect as well as by the patterns of stressing. Thus the morphological development of the dialect depends both on morphological and phonological phenomena.

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A case for two voices in Old Church Slavonic – reflexively marked OCS verbs

Author(s): Anna Malicka-Kleparska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Old Church Slavonic data manifest significant similarities in the distribution and formal properties of anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals, while their semantics may also be viewed as partly uniform. The structures representing the said classes of verbs are very frequent in the language, while passive structures, formed with analytic morpho-syntactic constructions, are relatively infrequent. Consequently, the expressions headed by anticausatives, reflexives, subject experiencer verbs, statives, and reciprocals (as well as dative impersonal structures) encroach on the area of semantics belonging in Modern Slavic to be the realm expressed in terms of passive morpho-syntax. The conclusion that can be drawn from this state of affairs is that Old Church Slavonic is characterized by the opposition of active and middle voices, while the passive voice is in its infancy.

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A Feature Geometric Approach of Verbal Inflection in Onondaga

Author(s): Gabriela Alboiu,Michael Barrie / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Iroquoian inflectional verbal morphology is well-documented in the descriptive literature (Chafe 1961, Lounsbury 1949, 1953, Michelson and Doxtator 2002), but has received less attention from a generative perspective. Most generative analyses of verbal inflection rely on the notion of tense as a central category and the universal projection of a Tense Phrase. Onondaga (Northern Iroquoian), however, often makes very little use of tense as a grammatical concept, capitalizing instead on the notions of aspect and mood, thereby rendering the standard generative approach inappropriate. Instead, we propose that a feature geometric analysis (Cowper 2005), which does not rely on tense as a central concept, is better suited for analyzing the Onondaga verbal inflectional domain.

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A HISTORICAL MORPHOLOGY OF WESTERN KARAIM: THE -p edi- PAST TENSE IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN DIALECT

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The present paper describes the -p edi- past tense in Western Karaim – the first such attempt made in the available scholarly literature. It is important to note that the paper is based not only on philological data collected from manuscripts from the 18th–20th centuries, but also on field research conducted by the late Polish Turcologist, Józef Sulimowicz (1913–1973). His linguistic informants were Karaims from Halych.

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A note on Mandarin Chinese wordhood

Author(s): Henrietta Yang / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2007

This study investigates the structural differences between the so-called de -modification, [Adj de N], and the so-called de -less modification, [Adj N], in Mandarin Chinese. I argue that the Adj’s followed by de are phrasal and have freer syntactic distribution. I further argue that the de -less modification should be analyzed as a morphosyntactic word (MWd) under the N head in the sense of Embick — Noyer (2001). This proposal accounts for the ordering fact that Adj’s with de cannot intervene between a de -less Adj and N or between two de -less Adj’s.

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A protocol for psych verbs

Author(s): Giuliana Giusti,Rossela Iovino / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

So-called psychological verbs such as Italian temere ‘fear’, preoccupare ‘worry’, and piacere ‘like’ present an extremely varied argument structure across languages, that arranges these two roles in apparently opposite hierarchies and assigns them different grammatical functions (subject, direct, indirect and prepositional objects). This paper wants to provide a descriptively adequate classification of such verbs in Latin and Italian to serve future analyses irrespective of their theoretical persuasion. We individuate six classes in Italian and seven classes in Latin, which comply with Belletti and Rizzi’s (1988) original analysis of psych verbs and focus on the three less studied classes, namely unaccusatives, unergatives and impersonals. We show that diachronic variation and apparent intra-language idiosyncrasies are due to the fact that these classes are universally available to all psych roots. The presentation is set in a protocol fashion in the sense of Giusti and Zegrean (2015) and Di Caro and Giusti (2015).

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A Slavonic etymology of Hung. ocsúdik ‘to come to, to awake’ and the question of the morphological adaptation of Slavonic loan verbs in Hungarian

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A Slavonic etymology of Hung. ocsúdik ‘to come to, to awake’ and the question of the morphological adaptation of Slavonic loan verbs in Hungarian

Author(s): Michal Németh / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The two Turkic etymologies of Hung. ocsúdik (1508) ‘to awake, to come to, to regain consciousness’ proposed, on the one hand, in the late 19th century by Vámbéry (1870) and, on the other, by K. Palló in 1976 and 1982, have been rightly rejected by the authors of TLH. At the same time, the explanation for the origin of this word found in the etymological dictionaries of Hungarian (TESz, EWUng, Zaicz 2006), namely, that it is a derivative of an unknown unproductive stem, is not entirely convincing for morphological reasons. The present paper offers a new etymology for this word, explaining it as a loanword from East Slavonic очюдитися ‘to regain consciousness, to awake’ attested in 16th- and 17th-century Russian. The starting point for the discussion is M. Stachowski’s (2014) article, in which he compared Hung. ocsúdik with Polish dialectal ocudzić ‘to revive’.

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A split DP-analysis of Croatian noun phrases

Author(s): Željka Caruso / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2016

This paper investigates the syntactic structure of nominal expressions in Croatian and proposes their analysis in terms of a split DP. Within the split DP-approach, the nominal left periphery contains functional projections DefP, FocP, TopP and DP. I will show that these functional categories host different lexical items (e.g. determiners, demonstratives, possessives, etc.) that contribute to the (in)definiteness and specificity of the Croatian noun phrase. A reanalysis of the nominal left periphery in terms of a split DP allows for the explanation of DP-internal word order variations, along with some other syntactic phenomena.

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Abraham Kajzer i jego tekst z obozów koncentracyjnych – studium przypadku

Author(s): Barbara Elmanowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

The author analyses one of the intimate diaries from concentration camps written by AbrahamKajzer, who was a prisoner of KL Auschwitz-Birkenau and AL Riese (which was a part of KL Gross-Rosen on Lower Silesia). In article is uses Paweł Rodak’s theory of broad understanding of diary’s materiality as a writing practice, which was very complicated and difficult during the World WarII, especially at concentrations camps (finding material and tool to write, organizing space andwork out a ritual of writing; also place where notes were hiding and their fates in the post-war years). Diary it’s not only on textual level but it’s closely related to regular life. But in the campwriting daries was extremely dangerous practice (author could pay with his own life for it). Abraham Kajzer was an writing in Yiddish on empty cement bags with indelible pencil in camplatrine, where he was also hiding notes. After war he passed on his material to Adam Ostoja, who translated them and edited to publication.Kajzer described his reality in concentration camps and many traumatic experiences, which are one of many evidences of the Nazi genocide.

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Accentuation Models of Disyllabic Nouns in the Southern Aukštaitian Dialect

Author(s): Vilija Ragaišiene / Language(s): English / Issue: 68/2016

The article provides an analysis of the accentuation of disyllabic nouns in the Southern Aukštaitian (SAuk) dialect spoken in Southern Lithuania (Alytus, Lazdijai, Varėna, Šalčininkai, Druskininkai and Trakai districts). The term pietų aukštaičiai (southern Aukštaitians) was coined by scholars; because of certain phonetic peculiarities of the dialect, the inhabitants of southern Lithuania consider themselves to be dzūkai (Dzūkians). The SAuk has been of special interest to both dialectologists and Baltic language specialists for a long time. The archaic grammatical forms, syntactic constructions, phonetic, accentual and lexical peculiarities that are features of these dialects are intertwined with new phenomena and thus reveal many stages of the development of the dialect of the Southern Aukštaitians, which in turn can be of help in finding answers to some unanswered questions about the development and usage of language. For this reason more attention and research has been devoted to the SAuk dialect and its broader connections with language as a whole. The article analyses the tendencies of the accentuation parallels of disyllabic nouns with ā, ē, a and i̯a1 stems in the SAuk dialect. Drawing on audio and written sources dating from 1952–2015, the spread of the accentuation variants of the words and their forms in the same subdialect, separate subdialects and/or their groups are discussed; the accentuation patterns of disyllabic nouns with the productive ā, ē, a and i̯a stems that are stressed in various ways are described, and the nature of their prevalence in the area of the dialect is established. The study uses quantitative, geolinguistic and comparative methods.

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Adaptacije germanizama u međimurskom dijalektu

Author(s): Ðuro Blažeka / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2009

In this paper the author analyzes a corpus of Germanisms that have been collected in field research of the dialect of Međimurje. The corpus is analyzed in terms of parts of speech, in terms of extralinguistic reality to which the words belong and in terms of their phonological, morphological and semantic adaptations. A special effort is made to include the variations of replicas at different local points of the dialect of Međimurje in terms of expression and contents. In the chapter on semantic adaptations, a special emphasis is made on the analysis of the seven different kinds of recent secondary semantic adaptations by means of which all the Germanism that have their equivalents in the standard Croatian prolong their presence in the active vocabulary of the speakers of the dialect of Međimurje.

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Additive Enclitic Suffix -Da In Turkish As A Cohesive Device

Author(s): Dönercan Dönük / Language(s): English / Issue: 130/2005

This study aims to throw light upon the focusing and continuative functions of-dA at the intersentential and intrasentential level focusing on the study by Kerslake (1992).

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Adjectival and verbal nouns in Japanese and multi-level nominalization

Author(s): Seiki Ayano / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2007

This paper shows that there is a subclass of adjectives in Japanese called adjectival nouns, which consists of adjectives mostly of foreign origin, and this subset of the adjectives is required to undergo nominalization by the merger of a null nominalizing suffix. This process of nominalization takes place either prior to the PF interface or at PF, depending on the types of null nominalizing suffixes that merge with adjectival nouns. The proposed multilevel nominalization analysis has desirable consequences for adjectival nouns, and can also be extended to a subclass of verbs in Japanese, which likewise are typically of foreign origin.

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Adjectives co-occurring with the illative form of the MA-infinitive in Finnish and Estonian

Author(s): Petra Hebedová / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2016

In both Finnish and Estonian, the illative form of the MA-infinitive/supine can be used at the end of a predictive the clause, as in the Finnish online hitaita optimal (‘we were slow to learn’) or the Estonian open küps Seda aktsepteerima (‘I am ready/ripe to accept it’). In these sentences, a characteristic expressed by an adjective is attributed to the subject of the sentence, with the scope of the characteristic related to a single activity marked by the an illative form of the MA-infinitive/supine. In this paper, I will present data to describe this type of construction in both languages and will analyze it as a constructional schema in terms of cognitive grammar (Langacker 2000, 2008). My analysis will concentrate on the adjectival component of the schema with the help of examples from Estonian and Finnish corpora.

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Adnominal Possessive Constructions in Narym, Vasjugan and Middle-Ob Dialects of Selkup

Author(s): Victoria Vorobeva,Irina Novitskaya,Ksenia Girfanova,Vitaliy Vesnin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The paper presents an analysis of the structural types of the adnominal possessive constructions in three little-studied Southern dialects of Selkup: Narym, Vasjugan and Middle-Ob. Apart from the other two types of possessive constructions (predicative and external) the adnominal possessive construction corresponds to a noun phrase involving a possessor (dependent) and a possessed (head). The possessor can be expressed by a noun or a pronoun, thus two types of adnominal possessive constructions (PNP) can be distinguished: nominal PNP and pronominal PNP. There are some approaches to marking possession in each type of the PNP in Selkup, which boil down to morphological or syntactic encoding. The locus of explicitly expressed markers encoding the possessive relation can either be on the head, on the dependent, on both or on neither of them in Southern Selkup.

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Adtabanlı Eylemler ve Kılınış Özellikleri

Author(s): Mustafa Aksan,Yesim Aksan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 132/2006

This paper analyzes the morpological and semantic properites of denominal verbs in Turkish. Following Clark and Clark (1979), Turkish denominal verbs are classified into eight semantic categories: location, locatum, duration, agent, experiencer, goal, source, and instrument. The lexical aspectual characteristics of location, locatum, and goal verbs are also presented. It is argued that the inherent semantic features of base nouns have a crucial role in determining the telicity of the abovementioned denominal verbs. There is a correlation between the (non)boundedness of the base nominal and the (a)telicity of the derived verb. The paper finally focuses on the variable aspectual properties of locatum verbs and illustrates the impact of contextual factors, particularly real-world knowledge, in ascribing (a)telicity interpretations to these verbs.

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