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Getting the Feel for English Rhythm: a Musical Approach

Author(s): Giedrė Balčytytė-Kurtinienė / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

The research into the perception and production of English rhythm has been a subject of argument among linguists and language educators for decades. English has traditionally been ascribed to the group of stress-timed rhythm languages as opposed to syllable-timed languages (Pike, 1945; Abercrombie, 1967; Ladefoged, 1975) and even though several scholars find this typological classification of languages contraversive (e.g. Dauer, 1987), certain reliable stress-timed acoustic cues remain relevant to EFL learners and help acquiring the natural sound of English. The particular rhythmic cues determine the alternation of weak and strong syllable sequences as well as the implication of certain aspects of connected speech. The EFL learners need to develop the feel for this specific English rhythm and educators worldwide suggest various natural input strategies and practice techniques. This particular paper argues for the implementation of music in order to develop the feel for English rhythm, since there is emerging evidence that language and music share a number of features at evolutionary, cognitive as well as sensory perceptual levels (Patel, 2003; Mithen, 2005; Jackendoff, 2009). Moreover, the two capacities of the human mind are similar in their expressive features as well as their hierarchic structure including the prosody: stress, meter and rhythm. Scholars in the field argue that EFL learners may benefit from this cross-domain influence, since the interaction of linguistic stress and musical meter enhances the perception and production of natural English rhythm (Besson et al., 2008). The particular experimental study was carried out on a cohort of 29 non-native English students of different linguistic backgrounds, who were exposed to selected sentence patterns through musically rhythmical expertise. The results suggested benefits in English speech rhythm: they demonstrated a better skill in stressing, strong / weak syllable production and recognition as well as vowel reduction.

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Графико-фонетический анализ архивного словаря пелымского диалекта мансийского языка… о. Константина Словцова

Author(s): Natalia Kosheliuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

The article considers the graphical and phonetic features of one of the Mansi written monuments of the 20th century and compares them to the dictionary of Artturi Kannisto. After taking into account these features archaic and innovative features of the Pelym dialect recorded in 1905 in the village of Upper Pelym of the Ivdel district of Sverdlovsk region were established.

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Есть ли дифтонги в орочонском языке?

Author(s): Olga N. Morozova,Svetlana V. Androsova,Valerij S. Gibalin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

One of the contradictory issues in the Orochon phonology is the absence / presence of diphthongs. Within the theoretical study conducted, we compared the Orochon phonological system with the Chinese and acquired the information about phonological systems of other Tungus-Manchu languages that are closely related to Orochon - first of all, the Evenki language. Our experimental study aimed at analyzing acoustic features of the Orochon tokens where groups of vowels could possibly be formed and comparing them to the ones in Evenki. The major finding was that in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner dialect, the deletion of intervocalic /j/, /w/ and /ɡ/ caused /ea/, /ua/, and /uə/ vowel-group forming that might enter the vowel system as diphthongs in the nearest future. The same deletion occurred in Lesser Khingan dialect of Orochon leading to long vowel forming. In the Evenki Selemdzha sub-dialect, no deletion of the intervocalic consonants was found.

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Дискуссионная заметка к статье О. Н. Морозовой, С. В. Андросовой, В. С. Гибалина «Есть ли дифтонги в орочонском языке?

Author(s): Anna Vladimirovna Dybo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (31)/2018

Обсуждаемая статья представляет интерес уже тем, что в ней демонстрируются результаты экспери- ментального фонетического исследования по тунгусо-маньчжурским языкам. Такие исследования, как и вообще тунгусоведческие работы, довольно редки и заслуживают всяческого внимания.

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Značajke glasnika /i/ i /e/ u osoba s oštećenim sluhom

Author(s): Marina Božić Bakušić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2005

The research is directed toward examination of the characteristics of sounds lil and lei at children with impaired hearing. The children to be studied in the research were 12 children of both sexes from ages 6 to 11 with average or above average intelligence, with a hearing loss!damage level of 40 to 90dB and without damage to the vocal tiact. The contiol gioup consisted of 11 children of similar ages and sex distribution with normal hearing abilities and average or above average intelligence and with no damage to the vocal tract. The research showed that there are differences in the basic characteristics of the sound lil and lei between children with impaired hearing and children with normal hearing. Further, the study showed there are differences between the two groups within the entire spectrum of applicable variables for the sounds lil and lei. The major problem for children with impaired hearing is in control of auditory, respiratory and laryngeal levels during vocalization. The basic characteristic disturbances among children with impaired hearing noted in this research are: excessive inhalation, the lack of variations in and high oscillation infrequencies.

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Reorganizacija izgovora pod utjecajem umjetnog nepca

Author(s): Jelena Ivičević Desnica / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2004

Despite the perturbation of articulatory movements the speakers make effective adaptation to unfavorable articulatory conditions and they manage to compensate for the perturbation . The data collected by means of the experimental articulatory perturbation (fixation of the mandible by the bite block, articulation with the oral tube, loading of the lower lip, speaking with the thick artificial palate) showed that in articulatory adaptation the important role is played by sensory control of articulatory movements. In the present study the influence of the artificial palate (6 mm in the region of alveolar ridge) on the reorganizeation of the articulatory movements when the speakers practice pronunciation with the artificial palate was investigated. Seven female subjects of the normal articulatory and hearing status pronounced Isal syllable 30 times in a row in five sequences with a 15- minute interval between subsequent sequences. In the interval between syllable sequences the subjects practiced the pronunciation by reading the text loaded with the Is/ sound. Prior to and after speaking with the artificial palate the subjects articulated Isal syllable 30 times without perturbation. The analysis was done by calculating the long term average spectrum of the Is/ sound for each sequence of pertubed and unperturbed pronunciation, as well as by assessment of the pronunciation quality of the Is/ sound made by three phonetitians. The results showed that practice makes perturbed articulation closer to natural, but also that after pronunciation training with the artificial palate the unperturbed pronunciation differs from the natural pronunciation. The results are discussed in the light of the influence of structural changes in oral cavity on the reorganization of the articulation.

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Fonološke teškoće osoba s afazijom

Author(s): Tatjana Prizl Jakovac,Ana Leko Krhen / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2004

This research is directed to establishment of differences in auditory and visual recognition of initial and final sound in words and logatoms in people with different types of aphasia. Two subtest of PALPA (Psycholinguistic Assessments of Language Processing in Aphasia, Kay, Lesser, Colthert, 1992), phonological segmentation of initial sound (16) and phonological segmentation of final sound (17) are applied in 12 male and female examinees that were 40 to 68 years old.This research is carried out through 8 variables.The variable aphasia type is separated as critical variable. Examinees have shown significant differences in auditory and visual recognition of initial and final sound in words and logatoms. Similar differences are confirmed in consideration of aphasia type. The errors, which appeared at most examinees, are based on levels of lexical selection and phonological planning.

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Objektivna procjena glasa i somatske teškoće nastavnica i odgojiteljica

Author(s): Emica Farago,Ana Bonetti,Luka Bonetti / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2003

The purpose of this paper was to examine the influence of professional life and smoking on voice quality and health in general in 31 female school-teachers and kindergarten teachers. The evaluation of voice quality (acoustic analysis of the phonation of the vowel /a/) was made by using MDW software. The presence and the severity of somatic problems was ascertained by using the questionnaire (Gotthnan it al., 1996). The voice data and the somatic data were compared. The acoustic analysis of the voice samples showed increased values of jitter, voice turbulence index, and soft phonation index' Over 50 % of the subjects answered they experienced somatic problems. The influence of smoking on voice quality and the connection between smoking and severity of the somatic complains was confirmed, Results obtained suggest that the consequences of stress, exertion and the lack of a healthier lifestyle can be traced among female school teachers and kindergarten teachers.

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Interactions between Segmental Context and Quantity: Temporal Patterns of Geminates in Estonian

Author(s): Helen Türk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

This study investigates segmental level contextual effects on the acoustic realization of the phonological three-way consonantal quantity contrast. The durational patterns of intervocalic consonants in three quantity degrees are studied as a function of the quality of the consonant and the surrounding vowels. It is generally found in different languages that the main correlate of consonantal quantity or gemination is duration: geminates are longer than single consonants. The durations of underlying segments are also conditioned by their intrinsic properties, i.e., place and manner of articulation, which can interact with quantity. In this paper, the relationship between segmental characteristics and quantity is studied by measuring the durations of different consonants in the three quantity degrees characteristic of the phonetic system of the Estonian language. The results show that in all quantities bilabial consonants are longer than alveolars and velars while obstruents are shorter than sonorants. In Q1 the intrinsic durations of consonants are the most distinctive, in Q2 and Q3 the durations of different obstruents move closer to each other, while the durations of sonorants retain their distinctiveness. Although vocalic context tends to even out these intrinsic characteristics of consonants, they are still somewhat preserved at the level of quantity.

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Syntetická fonologická teória a slabika v slovenčine a v angličtine

Author(s): Renáta Gregová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 39-40/2019

Synthetic phonological theory (SPT) of J. Sabol (1989) views the syllable as a complex sound unit that connects the sound level of a language with the level of the meaning. The syllable boundaries are placed according to several criteria, and the syllabification of words is always complete. The present paper introduces the individual phonetic, phonemic and morphophonemic criteria of syllabication as specified by SPT. The criteria are applied to the delimitation of the syllable boundaries in the Slovak word-medial consonant clusters. Then the sample analysis of the English word-medial consonant clusters follows. Our research probe indicates the possibility to use the theory not only in Slovak, but also in English. By implication, the results indicate language-typological and language-universal nature of the syllable theory on the basis of SPT.

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QUELQUES PAIRES ÉTYMOLOGIQUES FRANÇAIS – SERBE DU CHAMP LEXICAL DES VÊTEMENTS

Author(s): Mihailo Popović / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2019

Nous nous proposons dans cet article de suivre l’évolution phonétique et sémantique de quelques mots français et serbes appartenant au lexique des vêtements et ayant les étymons communs. Ce sont les mots qui ont la même origine indo-européenne ou latine et les mots d’origine arabe ou turque. Ces mots ont trait aux matières textiles, à la technique de fabrication des vêtements et aux objets vestimentaires. L’analyse des changements de la forme et du contenu montre qu’il y a quatre rapports entre les paires étymologiques. 1° Il existe une ressemblance de la forme et l’identité du sens. 2° L’identité du sens est bien manifeste, mais les formes sont très éloignées l’une de l’autre. 3° La ressemblance de la forme est évidente, mais pas celle du sens. 4° Ni le sens ni la forme ne paraissent pas avoir de traits communs. Les différences de forme et de sens proviennent de l’évolution propre à chaque langue, mais aussi de l’influence des langues véhiculaires et de l’analogie.

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Еще раз об отражении йотированных гласных в удмуртском памятнике… «Наставление христианское святителя Тихона на вотском языке»

Author(s): Maria Kaysina,Ilya B. Itkin,Svetlana I. Pereverzeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 04 (35)/2019

The article is dedicated to the problem of the reflection of iotated vowels in the Udmurt monument “Christian admonition of Saint Tikhon in the Votyak language” (1891). We consider in detail the distribution of the three ways of recording combinations with the iotated vowels presented in the text of the monument — as V1iV2, V1йV2, and V1V2. It is shown that all the usages of the grapheme й in the place of expected i fall into two small “non-standard zones”, the first one covers p. 6—10, the second one — p. 49—53. We assume that the deviating spellings of some words in these zones were influenced by an earlier monument “Christian admonition of Saint Tikhon” (1878), the translation of the same Russian text into another Udmurt dialect. To check this hypothesis, we study rules of reflection of iotated vowels in the monument of 1878 and compare the spellings in the “non-standard zones” in “Christian admonition…” of 1891 with parallel places of the earlier monument. The analysis allows to conclude that the graphical system of the “Christian admonition ...” (1891) is generally more orderly than previously thought.

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Теленгитские согласные по инструментальным данным

Author(s): Iraida Jacovlevna Selyutina,Nikolay S. Urtegeshev,Albina A. Dobrinina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (34)/2019

The article presents the results of using instrumental data of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and of acoustic analysis to explore the articulatory-acoustic bases of the Telengits, one of the ethnic groups of South Altai. The AAB of Telengits in the field of consonantism is characterized by a strong and moderate tension of the speech organs, while weak degree of tension is unusual. In addition to the main articulation, an important role in developing the specificity of the Telengit AAB is played by the additional articulations: labialization, palatalization, velarization, uvularization, pharyngealization; the lack of nazalized articulations indirectly reflects the overall strong tension. A clear direct correlation between the degree of articulatory tension and the level of expression of additional features was revealed. In the most concentrated form, the set of these parameters marks the ejective settings articulated with a raised larynx. Set of characteristics of Telengits articulation detects the proximity of the Ust-Kan settings, Ongudai substantially different from Telengits implementations.

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De la perception de la voyelle /y/ chez des apprenants polonais du français langue étrangère

Author(s): Paulina Gajdzica,Magdalena Dańko,Fabrice Marsac / Language(s): French Issue: 19/2019

The main objective of this study is to test the perception of the vowel /y/ among the Polish learners of FLE, as it does not exist in their natural vowel system. We defend the hypothesis that optimal perception conditions can make the identification and acquisition of new sounds more intelligible.

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Mennyire átlátszó az i?

Author(s): László Fejes,Péter Rebrus / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2019

According to earlier descriptions of Hungarian vowel harmony i behaves transparently both in the stem and the suffix. In this paper we present a study that supports our hypothesis asserting that in some cases the stem i is not necessarily but optionally transparent, that is, following such fluctuating stems the vowel i in the suffix may further increase the chance of palatal suffixing.

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NON-NATIVE INTERPRETATION AND (RE)PRODUCTION OF SL/FL SOUNDS. CASE STUDY: KOREAN AND ROMANIAN

Author(s): Alexandra Bîja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Non-native interpretation and (re)production of SL/FL sounds. Case study: Korean and Romanian. Issues in pronunciation arise from the fact that not all languages have identic phonetic inventories and that a language could make use of sounds that may not be present in the phonetic inventory of another, thus a FL learner could have difficulties in reproducing them. This paper tries to approach the issue of non-native pronunciation of sounds with regard to the acquisition of the Korean phonetic system by Romanian native speakers, and vice-versa.

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O FONOLOŠKIM OBILJEŽJIMA JEZIKA POLJIČKOGA STATUTA I DANAŠNJEGA GOVORA SRIJANA

Author(s): Marijana Tomelić Ćurlin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2012

The analysis of Croatian medieval legal documents, which stand as monuments to their times, results in an overview of the historical development of both the Croatian language and its dialects along with Latin, Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts. The main object of the analysis presented in this paper is the Statute of Poljica, a medieval Croatian document written in Cyrillic and a rich source for the analysis of linguistic content, as well as a number of historical, social, legal, ethnographic and sociological elements. However, this paper focuses on the analysis of the Statute of Poljica as a linguistic document. The main thesis of the paper follows that of P. Šimunović (1978) who considers the Statute a monument of the Čakavian dialect. This is followed by an analysis of authentic field recordings of the speech of the village of Srijane in the Republic of Poljica, never before described in linguistic studies. The analysed recordings of Srijane speech are especially interesting to dialectologists. Namely, Poljica is defined as a space of contact of two dialects, Čakavian and Štokavian. By comparing the language of the Statute of Poljica and Srijane speech, the author attempts to prove a genetic classification of Srijane speech as a Čakavian dialect and to define to what extent the Čakavian dialect has been preserved in Srijane speech along with the frequency of the occurrence of Štokavian innovations. The goal of this paper is to define the process of interference between these two dialects. Analysis will take place only on the phonological level.

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TWO SOLUTIONS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN LEARNING-TEACHING ROMANIAN – UNITARY CONTENTS AND AN OFFICIAL ROMANIAN GRAMMAR

Author(s): Cipriana-Elena Peica / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

School textbooks do not clearly define grammar and its parts, leaving it to teachers to formulate them or not; and, if they find it useful to define them, the way they (Romanian language and literature teachers in general) do it is not unitary, which is understandable given that we do not have an official grammar. The fact that the Academy Grammars represented by default the official grammar that could be found, theoretically and practically, in school textbooks is obviously outdated for the reasons that we will present and argue. Consequently, given the current situation, our proposal is that an official grammar of the Romanian language should be established. As shown in this paper, our opinion is that there is no compatibility between the contents of the school grammar and the new academic treaties which are, on the one hand, inhomogeneous and sometimes contradictory in terms of both content and terminology and, on the other hand, sometimes insufficiently adapted to the very specificity of the Romanian language. Therefore, at present and in this form, they are not applicable in the pre-university didactics, which is why a decision must be made regarding the contents which will be of reference for textbook authors, teachers who are free to select the contents that they will teach, and students or any other person interested in studying the grammar of contemporary Romanian.

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Обозначение звука ö [e̮] в памятниках ранней удмуртской письменности

Author(s): Leonid M. Ivshin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

The article deals with the designation of the Udmurt ӧ [e̮] in monuments of the Udmurt alphabet of the 18th to the first half of the 19th century. In dictionaries and lists of words based on the Latin alphabet, researchers have adapted single letters ö, y, ü, e and various letter combinations for its representation. In the monuments written in Cyrillic, the ö phoneme is also denoted by individual letters and letter combinations. The choice of the letter or letter combination is fundamentally independent of the dialectal affiliation of one or another written monument.

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Les apprenants polonophones du français et la phonétique: représentations et auto-évaluation

Author(s): Krzysztof Kotuła,Françoise Collinet / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2019

The goal of the research was to determine whether learners of French are able to accurately assess the quality of their pronunciation. Study participants were Polish students of Applied Linguistics (n = 25). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire containing items related to their beliefs about pronunciation, as well as to self-evaluate their pronunciation. Four basic components were taken into consideration: sounds, intonation, accentuation and liaisons. Next, the subjects were recorded while reading a text. Immediately after the completion of the recording, they were asked to assess one more time the quality of their pronunciation. The recordings were then submitted to three judges (experienced French teachers). Statistical analysis of the data showed that students tended to perceive their abilities in a less favourable light immediately after the recording. This decrease was found to be in concordance with the scores attributed by the judges, proving that students are able to correctly evaluate the quality of their pronunciation, but also that the context of self-assessment is a crucial factor.

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