Отражение гендерных стереотипов в татарских паремиях

Author(s): Fanuza Sh. Nurieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The article is devoted to the gender analysis of the tokens ‘man’ and ‘woman’ on the material of the Tatar proverbs. Axiological characteristics of man’s and woman’s images were studied on the basis of physiological (features of appearance, age characteristics), psychological (personality traits, intellectual abilities, relationships between a man and a woman) and status and role characteristics (behavioral characteristics, family relations, social status, property condition). The study of gender stereotypes with linguistic and cultural perspective reveals ethnically and culturally conditioned specifics of conceptualization of masculinity and femininity in the Tatar proverbs.

Параметрическая стратификация карачаево-балкарской лексики на фоне родственных языков

Author(s): Indira Semenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The article deals with the quantitative analysis of the vocabulary of the Turkic-Russian dictionaries according to the functional, syntagmatic, paradigmatic and epidigmatic parameters. The aim of the research is to single out the lexicosemantic nucleus of the Karachay-Balkar language and to compare it with the similar nuclei of Turkish, Uzbek and Tofalar (Tofa).

О некоторых мифологических представлениях башкир

Author(s): Firdaus Khisamitdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The article considers the basic mythological concepts of the Bashkirs: about creation of the world and landscape formation, about the two brothers-demiurges (the deities-antagonists), about vertical (three levels of the universe) and horizontal (four cardinal directions) models of the world. The article also focuses on the characters of the Bashkir lowest mythology: the images of spirits-owners (patron-spirits) and spirits of diseases, demons and totemic ancestors of the Bashkirs.

Лексико-семантические модели сложных (составных) финно-пермских фитонимов, содержащие детерминант

Author(s): Igor Brodski / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

In the Finno-Permic languages (the branch of the Finno-Ugric languages excluding the Ugriс languages) common lexical-semantic models of composite phytonyms (names of plants) are found. Many of these models are common for all branches of the Finno-Permic languages or only for a part of them. Many of these models contain a determinant which points to the class of the nomination object. In the article the author examines such models, classifying them by existence in different branches of the Finno-Ugric languages. If there are identical or close models in contact languages, they are also specified. As it becomes clear, an unusually large number of the lexical-semantic models is common for the Baltic Finnic and Permic languages. On the other hand, in the Finno-Volgaic languages the common models are found very rarely; their majority applies to the names of mushrooms.

К вопросу о принципах реконструкции номинационных моделей (дискуссионная заметка)

Author(s): Juliya Victorovna Normanskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (13)/2014

The author of the discussion article notes the importance of the problem, that Igor Brodski deals with in the paper “Lexical-semantic models of composite Finno-Permic phytonyms with determinants”. The author also pays attention to some methodic disadvantages of this work.

GOVORI ZAPADNOHERCEGOVAČKIH HRVATA U KONTEKSTU HRVATSKOGA JEZIKA

Author(s): Sanja Vulić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

The paper analyzes spoken language of Westherzegovinian Croats in the context of Croatian language as a whole. It is emphasised that this spoken language as a part of Croatian new-'štokavian' 'ikavian' dialect represents partly the foundations of the norm of the modern Croatian literary language. The analysis shows that in the 20th ct. this spoken language preserved many words that have, for centuries, been a part of Croatian literary works, written documents as well as Croatian local speeches in Croatia and in indigenous communities in old Croatian diaspora in Central Europe. Naturally, many of those linguistic realisations have been preserved till now. That is the reason why in this paper we deal with words and expressions of Croatian Westherzegovinian spoken language in the context of different Croatian idioms in history and in present. We analyze some phonological and morphological elements, whereas special attention is paid to the lexis. It is emphasised that for the preservation of national identity not only the norm of Croatian literary language is important, but also different linguistic elements of the local speeches that are quite often a silent link between Croatian linguistic past and present. Numerous examples from the spoken language of Westherzegovinian Croats are an important link in that Croatian linguistic chain.

Przejawy tendencji do ekonomiczności środków językowych w zakresie wymowy i podsystemu fonologicznego

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article presents manifestations of the tendency to economize language means and to spare effort in pronunciation and on the phonological level of language. Essentially, the phenomena presented in the article relate to Polish, but also to other languages, for example Arabic. The author discusses the phonetic assimilation and simplification, the observable today pronunciation habits of Poles and representatives of other nationalities, pays attention to the problems of speech sound perception and production, and argues that phonetization and phonologization only seemingly contradict the economy of language.

Uwagi o polszczyźnie inskrypcji nagrobnych na Grodzieńszczyźnie

Author(s): Katarzyna Konczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

The article presents the analysis of features of the Polish language displayed in gravestone inscriptions of the chosen Catholic cemeteries of Grodno region – Kvasovka, Indura, Vereyki, Replya, Lunno, Volpa, Ros. The author briefly describes the districts where research was conducted, gives a general characteristics of the cemeteries and analyses the Polish language inscriptions in gravestones, noting regional linguistic features.

O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko jezioroskim

Author(s): Krystyna Rutkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2014

In this study lexical lithuanisms were analysed, functioning in the Ignalina–Zarasai area, on the Lithuanian–Latvian–Belarussian borderland. Lithuanian proceeds on Slavic dialect have an ancient history, which can be associated with a period, dated quite early based on sources of language. Studying Lithuanian vocabulary in these dialects, the dynamics of influences can be observed simultaneously, as contacts between Lithuanian and other dialects existed in this area for a long time. Therefore, several layers of lithuanisms, differentiated based on time and manner of borrowing, can be distinguished: a) a layer of borrowings with a wide range, shared by many language groups, certified in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages; b) a layer of contact lithuanisms, certified in the border zone of Lithuania and the Polish language, dialects occurring in Belarus, also in the Russian dialects of Old Believers; this vocabulary can have a wider range of occurrence or be listed within a single language area, for example only in the Ignalina–Zarasai or Vilnius region; c) borrowings with the rank of infiltration, resulting from active contacts with the Lithuanian language and dialects.

„My tu nie mówimy, ino godumy i jesteśmy z tego dumni” O tym, dlaczego gwary wielkopolskie przetrwały (na przykładzie języka mieszkańców wsi powiatu międzychodzkiego)

Author(s): Bartosz Cemborowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2015

The aim of this article is to respond to the question: Why have the dialects of the Province of Greater Poland survived while the dialects from other parts of Poland are in decline? The analy¬tical material relates to the statements of the users of this dialect who live in the western parts of Greater Poland (Międzychodzki district). It was collected during fieldwork in the villages of the Międzychodzki district between 2012 and 2015. The research methodology was based on autobiographical interviews, questionnaires and participant observations. Three important factors which contributed to the survival of the dialects of Greater Poland are: the history of this region, the identity of its people and the fashion for dialect use among the younger generation of Greater Poland’s inhabitants.

Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskich

Author(s): Agnieszka Gotówka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2014

The child image has not been examined in detail by dialectologists to date. However, researchers of standard Polish language and popular culture are interested in this subject. The paper analyses the reconstruction of the linguistic child image in many Gorale dialects (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Slask Cieszynski, Zywiecczyzna, Bukowina). Examples have been taken from regional and dialect dictionaries from the years 1900 – 2011, from proverbs and various mass media texts. Vocabulary which conceptualizes the child image in Gorale dialects is rich and interesting not only from a formal and stylistic point of view, but also, and it is worth mentioning, its origins and geography which are very diverse. This vocabulary reflects the people’s relationships and traditions. It reveals the emotions and hierarchy of values, which are typical not only for Gorale but also reflect Polish people’s attitude towards the family.

Южнородопските български говори в Гюмюрджинско (фонетични особености)

Author(s): Georgi Mitrinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

The article studies the territorial spread of the South Rhodopean Bulgarian dialects in Komotini region. A classification of the dialects according to phonetic particuliarities is made. The unity between the Komotini region dialects and the South Rhodopean Bulgarian dialects on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria is demonstrated.

From introduction to phonemic symbols to development of transcription skills: A case study in the English Department at University of Tuzla

Author(s): Sanel Hadžiahmetović Jurida / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The present study portrays some of the key aspects of connected speech in English, as adopted by 42 native Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian-speaking undergraduate students of English in the English Department, University of Tuzla, in the academic year2013/2014. More specifically, the study shows how successfully these students developed their transcription skills in English, particularly when it comes to the use of diacritics for dental, velarised, and syllabic consonants of English,as well as for aspirated and unreleased (unexploded) English plosives. In addition, the study focuses on the coalescent type of assimilation. Connected speech (also known as rapid, relaxed, casual, or fluent speech) is characterised by a number of phonetic phenomena. The paper also analyses the level to which students enrolled in the English Department in Tuzla have developed a sense of elementary terms in this field, an understanding of the English sound system, and generally speaking, to what extent they developed their broad and narrow transcription skills.

Иванка Гайдаджиева. Местните имена в Западна (Беломорска) Тракия

Author(s): Hristina Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2015

Сл. Керемидчиева, А. Кочева, Л. Василева, К. Първанов, З. Сертова, Ил. Гаравалова, Р. Чернева. Еркеч – паметта на езика. Традиции и устойчиви тенденции в един архаичен български говор, говора на село Еркеч (днес Козичино), Поморийско

Author(s): Luchia Antonova-Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2012

Deminutīvu darināšana un lietvārdu deklinācijas

Author(s): Inta Urbanoviča / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 4/2014

The current article is devoted to the derivation of diminutives from the view of Language culture field. The norms of Latvian Standard require that the diminutive goes to declension determined by motivation noun (1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th declensions). There are two very productive diminutive suffixes -iņ- and -īt- that dominate in the derivation of diminutives, and both of them are used in making irregular diminutives. Some irregular diminutives have taken over the regular derivatives, while others may be used for stylistic purposes in order to highlight the connotational information of diminutive. Several irregular diminutives are used as terms. Only irregular diminutives, the use of which is neither semantically nor stylistically conditioned, are considered to be non-standard in the Latvian.

Traces du passé dans le français contemporain

Author(s): Zygmunt Marzys / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2005

КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ ЛЕКСИКИ РУССКИХ ГОВОРОВ УДМУРТИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ГЛАГОЛОВ, НАЗЫВАЮЩИХ ПРОЦЕССЫ ПРИНЯТИЯ ПИЩИ)

Author(s): Ekaterina Anatolyevna Zhdanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

This article analyzes the dialectal verbs related to the process of eating. The work aims to reveal and describe lexical singularities of Russian dialects in Udmurtia. The study includes the mapping and the linguo-geographical, lexical and word-formation analysis of dialectal verbs belonging to the theme group of nutrition. In addition, the paper provides examples of phonetic, word-formation and lexical dialectal maps constructed with the help of the linguo-geographical information system Dialect. The research reveals the areas and isoglosses of some dialectal phenomena in the area between the Kama and the Vyatka rivers, and outlines lexical and word-formation peculiarities of the Russian dialects of the Udmurt Republic.

Чувашский перевод одной проповеди середины XIX века

Author(s): Alexandr V. Savelyev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (20)/2016

The article is devoted to a major mid-19th-century text in Chuvash, a translation of a sermon by Metropolitan Gregory (Postnikov) named "A day of a holy life, or an answer to the question of how I can live holy?". The author considers in detail the monument's writing system, which partly comes from “An inscription of the Chuvash language rules and a Dictionary, compiled for religious schools of the Kazan diocese” by V. P. Vishnevsky and partly is unique among those of old-written records in Chuvash. Analysing the phonological and morphological features of the text's language allows to establish that it's based on the Sundyr dialect of Chuvash, which falls in line together with the historical data on where were the priests, authors of the translation, from.

Уточнение праселькупской реконструкции гласных первого слога. Часть I. Анализ новых полевых материалов по нарымскому диалекту селькупского язык

Author(s): Julia V. Normanskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02 (21)/2016

The material the article is based on was collected by N.L. Fedotova in 2009-2010 in the Parabel village from two speakers of the Narym dialect of the Selkup language – Irina Anatolyevna Korobeynikova and Yakov Yakovlevitch Martynov. In 2009 a word-list of indigenous vocabulary and some paradigms were collected from both informants (the latter as much as they could remember, which they did with difficulty). In 2010 the full dictionary (about 2000 lexical items) was collected from I.A. Korobeynikova, who speaks the language somewhat better. The article presents the analysis of the vowels of the first syllable in the Narym dialect of the Selkup language on the basis of field recordings and their parallels in the Taz and Ket dialects. Qualitative oppositions in the vocalism system are described, using the results of the analysis in a phonetic software Praat, which gives to the transcriptions the base of formant analysis, not the one of the author's intuition. The results of the analysis allow to clarify the system of Selkup bases cited in [Alatalo 2004] and reconstruct four additional Protoselkup phonemes — *e, *ä, *y, *˱i. It is shown that specific Taz phonemes е — е (broad) и ε (lax) — and two i — i (broad) and i͔ (regular) can be recounstructed for the Proto-Selkup language and, as such, should be accounted for during the analysis of the development from Proto-Samoyed system to the Proto-Selkup one.