We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The article represents the analysis of six religious written monuments in Udmurt of the first half of the 19th century. Taking into account the data of these sources, the author attempts to describe phonetic features of the Glazov and Sarapul dialects of this period and compare them with the modern Udmurt dialects.
More...
The paper presents findings of an analysis of phonetic, inflective and syntactic identifiers of Eastern Borderland stylization, as used in one of the most popular Polish comedy films of the 1960s, Sami swoi, directed by Sylwester Chęciński. The material excerpted from its dialogues is confronted with texts originating in the villages Boryczówka and Niemirów, and also with findings of a research into the Polish language of South-Eastern Borderlands.
More...
The extent to which a symbolic time–series (a sequence of sounds or letters) is a typicalword of a language, referred to as WORDLIKENESS, has been shown to have effects in speech perception and production, reading proficiency, lexical development and lexical access, short–term and long–term verbal memory. Two quantitative models have been suggested to account for these effects: serial phonotactic probabilities (the likelihood for a given symbolic sequence to appear in the lexicon) and lexical density (the extent to which other words can be obtained from a target word by changing, deleting or inserting one or more symbols in the target). The two measures are highly correlated and thus easy to be confounded in measuring their effects in lexical tasks. In this paper, we propose a computational model of lexical organisation, based on Self–Organising Maps with Hebbian connections defined over a temporal layer (TSOMs), providing a principled algorithmic account of effects oflexical acquisition, processing and access, to further investigate these issues. In particular, we show that (morpho–)phonotactic probabilities and lexical density, though correlated in lexical organisation, can be taken to focus on different aspects of speakers’ word processing behaviour and thus provide independent cognitive contributions to our understanding of the principles of perception of typicality that govern lexical organisation.
More...
Dalibor, Brozović, Rasprave i članci, Matica hrvatska, 2015
More...
In the article authors compile and analyse in detail the written sources in the Bashkir language of the late XIXth — early XXth century. The sources compiled use traditional Arabic graphic, its modifications for a more precise reflection of the Bashkir language phonetics, as well as Latin and Cyrillic graphic systems. These sources contribute to a more full understanding of the living informal Bashkir language. They reflect clearly the state of the Bashkir language in their time of writing, which makes them useful for language history studies. They also are of importance as monuments which played a large part in the history of develompent of Bashkir national writing and literary language.
More...
The article deals with the history of German-Russian lexicography and the methodology of analysis of lexicographic works. For the first time we have studied a “forgotten” lexicographic monument of the 19th-century – the German-Russian dictionary of 1834–1835 of the “Society of Lovers of Both Languages”. The paper is focused on the dictionary’s macro and micro-structural characteristics and features of composition, i.e. the structural parts of the dictionary, the scope and selection of headwords, the principles of arrangement and presentation of language material, the ways of explanation and differentiation of word meanings, the presentation of phonetic and grammatical information, and the nature of illustrative examples. In addition, we describe the situation in German-Russian lexicography in the first half of the 19th century and the public reaction on the dictionary under study, based on the review of the famous Russian literary critic V.G. Belinsky.
More...
The diphthongical combinations (short vowel + tautosyllabic resonant) found in Standard Latvian are traditionally regarded as constituents of the syllable nucleus and are thought to form long, i. e., heavy syllables, as well as bear the so called syllable intonation. As such they erroneously are even considered being a sort of diphthongs. Such an approach contradicts with syllable structures traditional to the World’s phonology schools. Therefore the diphthongical combinations of Latvian are discussed in this article from the viewpoint of syllable theory taking into account the sonority and timing tier principles of the Autosegmental Phonology. It has to be noted that the Latvian linguistic theory itself has a principle not to include non-syllabic vowels (semivowels) into the syllable nuclei although the sonority of these semivowels is equal or greater than that of sonorant consonants.
More...
This paper demonstrates that by applying Chaos Theory to the modeling of the evolution of verbal forms and verbal systems, it is possible to view classical grammaticalization paths as universal, and conceal this deterministic assumption with the unpredictability of concrete grammatical developments. The author argues that such an explanation is possible because traditional grammaticalization paths do not represent realistic cases of grammatical evolution's, but rather correspond to abstract and non-realistic deterministic laws which codify the order of the incorporation of new meanings to the semantic potential of a gram. Therefore, from a synchronic perspective, they can be used to represent the semantic potential of a form as a map or a state. In contrast, a realistic development emerges as a trajectory connecting such maps or states. Consequently, the cross-linguistic typological model of realistic evolutionary processes of a certain type corresponds to a state-space – it is a cluster of all possible trajectories the grams of a certain class can travel. In this article – the first of the series of three papers – the main tenants of Chaos Theory will be discussed.
More...
The paper presents some phonetic, morphological and semantic considerations, which characterize the Turkic elements of Mongolic origin in the Yeniseian languages. There are some criteria, which help to distinguish direct and indirect Mongolic loanwords.
More...
The following article deals with A. R. Bomhard’s latest attempts to reconstruct “Proto- Nostratic” (which forms a synthesis of Nostratic proto- language as proposed by the Nostraticists of the “Moscow Nostratic school” and J. H. Greenberg’s “Eurasiatic”) in a somehow ironical way. Bomhard claims to have reconstructed the phonology as well as the vocabulary and morphology of this supposed macro- family in his bulky two- volume- work. The reviewer criticizes this especially the methodological weakness of these attempts.
More...
Historical linguistic sources of Kurdish date back just a few hundred years, thus it is not possiInvestigation of the regional variation in Kurmanji, especially its varieties spoken in Turkey, has been almost entirely neglected in the existing literature on Kurdish. In addition to earlier isolated examinations of Kurmanji dialects (cf. MacKenzie, 1961; Ritter, 1971, 1976; Blau, 1975; Jastrow, 1977), native-speaker researchers have recently provided a substantial amount of dialect material across the Kurmanji-speech zone. However, a methodologically-informed evaluation of these observations into a dialect classification is yet to be undertaken. This article aims at providing an initial classification of Kurmanji-internal variation into major regional dialects, based on lexical, phonological and morphosyntactic data collected from five localities in Southeastern Turkey.
More...
The review of: Anita Lorenc, Wymowa normatywna polskich samogłosek nosowych i spółgłoski bocznej, Dom Wydawniczy „Elipsa”, Warszawa 2016, ss. 370
More...
Syntetyczne, obejmujące niecałe 180 stron dzieło podzielone zostało na kilka wyraźnych części: Wstęp, Naukę o głosce (fonetykę i fonologię), Naukę o wyrazie (morfologię: słowotwórstwo i fl eksję, a także etymologię i semantykę) oraz Naukę o zdaniu (składnię). Każda z części dzieli się na paragrafy (łącznie jest ich 146) i zakończona jest krótką, składającą się z kilku pozycji bibliografi ą uzupełniającą. Zarówno zawartość, jak i sposób przedstawienia treści sugerują, że książka przeznaczona jest dla nieprofesjonalistów. Autor unika specjalistycznej terminologii i stosuje opisowe określenia, np. nauka o wyrazie, upodobnienie pod względem dźwięczności spółgłosek, które należą do dwu sąsiadujących wyrazów; niejednokrotnie zwraca też uwagę na poprawność językową. Książka ma charakter popularnonaukowy.
More...
Salir Turkish, which is one of nine Turkish dialects spoken along with New Uyghur Turkish, Kazakh Turkish, Kyrgyz Turkish, Uzbek Turkish, Tatar Turkish, Tuvan Turkish, Yugur Turkish, and Fu-yu Kyrgyz Turkish in the People’s Republic of China, has great significance in terms of vocabulary. Besides including vocabulary from Mongol, Chinese, Tibetan, Arabic, Persian, Greek, Russian, etc. in its vocabulary, it also has vocabulary from other Turkish dialects. That Salir Turkish borrowed vocabulary from these languages and dialects indicates that it used to be in a lingual relationship with these languages at some specific periods of history. One more aspect of Salir Turkish which attracts attention in terms of vocabulary is that its vocabulary ranges in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Like that, we will try to give emphasis to these differences in this study. While identifying these differences, we have made use of the study called Tangutsko-Tibetskaya okraina Kitaya i tsentral’naya Mongoliya from Grigoriy Nikolayeviç Potanin and the work of art called Diary of a Journey through Mongolia and Tibet in 1891 and 1892 from William Woodville Rockhill, which are our resources regarding nineteenth-century Salır Turkish. And as to the vocabulary of Salir Turkish in the twentieth century, we have used the publications called Sālā-Hàn Hàn-Sālā Cíhuì from Lianyun Lín, Un vocabulaire salar and Textes salar from Susanne [Zsuzsa] Kakuk, Salarskiy yazık and Salarskiye Tekstı from Edhem Rahimoviç Tenişev, An Ili Salar Vocabulary from Abdurişid Yakup and Zhongguo tujueyuzu yuyan cihuiji which is prepared in Pekin.
More...
The Urums, which live in the north and east of the Black Sea, mostly as Ukrainian and Georgian citizens, are a Christian community with a Turkic dialect. This essay contains some remarks on the phonetically aspects of this their Turkic dialect.
More...
This paper will analyze the phonological changes in anthroponyms in old Bosnian language. This paper also deals with important features of the vocal and consonantal system in this defined Corps. The authors focus especially on changes that were realized in the field of medieval Bosnia: the reflexes semi-vowels (jer and jor), the reflexes of jat, changes l in o, changes s in š, and how to behave consonants r and l, and consonants h and f in local words and loanwords.
More...
Simile is viewed as a multifaceted phenomenon deeply rooted in cognitive and lingual peculiarities of an ethnos. Applying a complex approach to simile analysis, it being a study case of the hyponym flower and hyperonym poppy, simile proves to be a fundamental lingual and cognitive phenomenon. It reflects the essential and consistent relationships between the objects of comparison in their lingual form. It is the result of the cognitive segmentation of the outer world whose effect is the comparison of mental images on the basis of a common feature; their verbalization following the corresponding phonetic, morphemic, lexical forms and grammatical constructions with a specific functional load. Simile is the endlessness of images, symbols and concepts to be reverbalised in translation.
More...
The paper discusses the possibilities of application of the principles of perceptual dialectology in the Lithuanian regional variability research. In addition, a brief history of the principles of perceptual dialectology formation is introduced. The foundation of the research part of the paper is the material from the scientific project Standard Lithuanian Language Place in the Mental Map. On the basis of research data of one of the area points – the geolect of Biržai – this paper shows how the research based on the principles of perceptual dialectology can be integrated into the study of traditional Lithuanian dialects and new new varieties. The article focuses on the data of the task “draw a map” in the area of the geolect of Biržai. The character and density of perceptive isogloss in the drawn maps of the young residents of Biržai reveals that the ordinary members of the language community have different images of dialecticism as distinctive features. The drawn maps of the young residents of Biržai show a non-conflicting relationship with the code of environment, which, in turn, draws optimistic prospects for the geolect of Biržai
More...
The article introduces the research into the dialectal self-awareness of the young inhabitants of the cities of Šiauliai and Panevėžys. The data of the dialectal mental map, which is one of the most important tasks in perceptive dialectology, serve as research material. The analysis of the material collected at the border of the dialects or in the nearby towns indicated that the binary classification of the Lithuanian dialects given by dialectologists and the one existing in the self-awareness of the ordinary language users is different. The young respondents tend to attribute the Aukštaitian dialect to a small area of the dialect which is specified in the works of dialectologists. Quite a large remaining territory of the Aukštaitian dialect goes to the people of Dzūkija and Suvalkija which are considered separate dialectal units.
More...
This article deals with the main historical sound processes at the time of the appearance of the Slavic script (the period until the end of the 10th — beginning of the 11th centuries), which are of great importance in the formation and development of the modern system of the Russian language. In particular, the results of phonetic processes that have had a great influence on the formation of features of Slavic by origin languages - laws of open syllable, intrasyllogic sinarmonism and the process of falling reduced vowels - are considered. Among them, the consequences of these laws are described: the loss of final consonants, the emergence of sound sounds, the simplification of consonant groups, the monophthongization of diphthongs, and changes in diphthongic combinations. As a methodical help, the author offered practical exercises.
More...
