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Teracote din așezarea civilă de la Ostrov (Durostorum), județul Constanța (IV)

Teracote din așezarea civilă de la Ostrov (Durostorum), județul Constanța (IV)

Author(s): Adela Bâltâc,Christina Știrbulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 52/2019

This article continues the study dedicated to the terracottas discovered between 1998 and 2016 at Ostrov (Durostorum), Constanța County, and focuses on the statuary groups, with a particular regard to the so-called ‘deities on throne’, as they are known in the specialised literature. A number of 21 new objects were catalogued, which are to be added to the five already published ones (in a previous study). All these have the same provenance, namely the same excavations. In order to elaborate the study and the related typology, were taken into consideration other two items, one from Silistra and another one from Ostrov. Considering the representation of the central scene, the artefacts were catalogued in three groups: the busts of two adjacent female characters (three artefacts), the busts of two female characters standing each one on a separate column(eight artefacts) and the busts of two characters (one male and one female?), standing each one on a separate column (one artefact). There are analyzed such types of representations in the Graeco-Roman world and three possible uses for these depictions are considered,depending on the context in which they were to be dedicated: domestic, religious, or funeral. The archaeological context of the analyzed discoveries allow us to date them from the first half of the 2nd century to the beginning of the 3rd century AD.

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Räumliche Gliederung der Gräberfelder von Tomis in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit

Räumliche Gliederung der Gräberfelder von Tomis in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit

Author(s): Constantin Chera / Language(s): German Issue: 52/2019

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die archäologischen Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahrzehnte angeführt, die eine vorläufige Übersicht derräumlichen Ausdehnung der antiken Gräberfelder von Tomis erlauben. Aus hellenistischerbis in die spätrömische Zeit wurden fünf Areale erkannt, in denen sowohl Brandwieauch Körperbestattungen von verschiedenen Typen durchgeführt wurden.

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Edificii publice cu caracter comercial în zona portului tomitan

Edificii publice cu caracter comercial în zona portului tomitan

Author(s): Irina Sodoleanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 52/2019

The article emphasizes 5 areas on the western and south-western seafront of ancient Tomis where commercial buildings related to the harbor activities have been discovered: the edifice provided with stairs, the mosaic floored one, complexes C1-C3, C4-C5, and the ones in the immediate vicinity of Lentiarion. Their functionality, placement in the urban network, and their place in the existing typologies of commercial buildings are discussed.

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Considerații asupra zidului de incintă al Tomisului din antichitatea târzie în contextul unor cercetări recente

Considerații asupra zidului de incintă al Tomisului din antichitatea târzie în contextul unor cercetări recente

Author(s): Octavian Mitroi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 52/2019

Archaeological discoveries related to the Late Roman ramparts of the city of Tomis made in 2017 in two locations situated on its run are presented in this article. A rescue archaeological excavation carried out on 42 Ecaterina Varga Street in Constanza led to the discovery of a 10-meter-long section of the defensive wall, also allowing soundings of its foundations and acquirement of stratigraphic data. Traces of an earlier cremation grave, much damaged in modern times, were also identified next to the wall, in the intra muros area. Public interest works carried out on Cpt. Grigore Ignat Street, next to the Archaeological Park of Constanza damaged another cremation grave dating from the first half of the 1st century AD and the foundations of the Late Roman defensive wall nearby. Another sounding of the foundation was subsequently made on this location. New data presented in this article allows us to draw certain assessments concerning the timeline of the defensive wall of Tomis from the Late Antiquity.

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Notre ami Pierre Dupont

Notre ami Pierre Dupont

Author(s): Alexandru Avram / Language(s): French Issue: 51/2018

Pierre Dupont, auquel nous avons le plaisir de dédier ce volume à l’occasion de son 70e anniversaire, est depuis 1974 une présence incontournable dans l’espace de l’archéologie classique en Roumanie. Bien que sa curiosité incessante et ses multiples exploits scientifiques l’aient amené à fréquenter assidument le pourtour de la mer Noire (Bulgarie, Ukraine et Russie, Géorgie, Turquie), c’est sans aucun doute avant tout la Roumanie, avec sa Dobroudja qu’il connaît par coeur, qui a marqué le destin de ce céramologue hors-pair.

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Two Fragmentary Vases from Miletus Imitating (?) Chian Pottery

Two Fragmentary Vases from Miletus Imitating (?) Chian Pottery

Author(s): Gerald P. Schaus / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2018

Two fragmentary vases from the Aphrodite sanctuary at Miletus have affinities with Chian fine ware pottery. Both are colourfully decorated – one, a cup orchalice rim from the seventh century BC has Middle Wild Goat ornament; the other, a phiale, is Athenian in Six’s technique, from the late sixth or early fifth century BC. The former would benefit from clay analysis, while comparanda found in the Cyclades for the latter may also be candidates for analysis.

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Mytilene, the Aeolic World, and Beyond

Mytilene, the Aeolic World, and Beyond

Author(s): Hector Williams / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2018

The paper discusses late Bronze Age history of Lesbos when it was part of the Hittite world, the arrival of the Greeks on Lesbos in the 8th c. BC, and the archaeological and historical remains of the Archaic period, especially the characteristic Aeolic grey wares made and exported, and events linking Lesbos with Sparta and Egypt.

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Pontic Notes

Pontic Notes

Author(s): Gocha R. Tsetskhladze / Language(s): English Issue: 51/2018

This note is in two parts. The first contains comments on a recent article on the Protohistory of Istanbul, the discovery there of a „Phrygian”/„Thraco Phrygian” settlement, and its suggestion that the history of Istanbul begins in the Neolithic Period.The Second parts considers the recent publication of pottery assemblages from the Nemirov settlement in the hinterland of the Ukraine, discussing how Scythian this settlement was.

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Sequence of Graves in Barrows 4th-3rd Millennium BC in the Danube-Tisza Region

Sequence of Graves in Barrows 4th-3rd Millennium BC in the Danube-Tisza Region

Author(s): Piotr Włodarczak / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

Archaeological research of the “Ciganska humka” barrow in Šajkaš (Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia) was conducted in 2016. It brought about the discovery of two graves dated 3000-2900 BC and 2800-2600 BC, connected with steppe communities of eastern origin. In terms of construction, the older grave (no. 2) refers to graves withextended inhumations, known from, among other places, the Great Hungarian Plain,northern Bulgaria, and Muntenia. Graves of this type in the Danube-Tisza region date back to the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC and can be synchronized with the early phase of the Yamnaya culture. In most cases, mounds with extended inhumations were still built up in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC by Yamnaya communities that placed their burials in the central part of an older barrow. Various features indicate that this specific type of body arrangement, in an extended supine position, was one of the variants used by the genetically diverse population of the older phase of the Yamnaya culture.

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Fragmente de sculpturi din sectorul T de la Histria cu reprezentarea divinității Meter Theon

Fragmente de sculpturi din sectorul T de la Histria cu reprezentarea divinității Meter Theon

Author(s): Florina Panait-Bîrzescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 53/2020

The paper presents four marble finds from Histria, sector T, representing Meter Theon. The sketched features of the two statuettes, and the washed surface of the other two pieces, which have been exposed in open air for a long period of time, make them difficult to date. Nevertheless, some still visible details point to a Hellenistic style. The chronology of these finds is discussed both in the context of similar representations of Meter from Histria, which are 18 altogether, as in that of the representations found especially in the cities on the West coast of the Black Sea. Another aspect regards the relation of these finds with the sanctuary that ceased to function in the sector T during the Roman period. The discovery context, namely 4th – 6th c. AD building walls, as well as other evidence regarding the cult of Meter at Histria point to a growing importance during the Roman period. Besides the four sculptures from the sector T, a concentration of epigraphic and sculptural finds belonging to a sanctuary, most of them related to Meter cult, is noticed in the south-eastern corner of the Histrian acropolis, in the sector Domus. The numerous statuettes of Meter, at first sight an indication of the growing popularity of her cult during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, are rather a consequence of the votive habit of displaying images of the goddess in public and domestic sanctuaries, habit that boosted especially in the Roman period, when it was favoured by the increasing mass production of marble items.

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Teracote din așezarea civilă de la Ostrov (Durostorum), județul Constanța (V)

Teracote din așezarea civilă de la Ostrov (Durostorum), județul Constanța (V)

Author(s): Adela Bâltâc,Christina Știrbulescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 53/2020

The present study continues the series of articles dedicated to the terracottas unearthed through systematic archaeological research, during the years 1997– 2016, in the site of Ostrov (Durostorum), Constanța County. So far, 275 items have been studied, which have been divided into several categories: human statuettes (deities and people), statuettes representing animals, altars, statuette bases, postaments for statuettes, constituent elements of large ensembles, varia and incerta.

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Shedding New Light on a Lot of Roman Lamps from Tomis from the Maria and Dr. George Severeanu Collection

Shedding New Light on a Lot of Roman Lamps from Tomis from the Maria and Dr. George Severeanu Collection

Author(s): Alina Streinu,Dan Pîrvulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

The paper revisits a lot of early Roman lamps from Tomis, part of the Maria and George Severeanu collection. The items were previously published by dr. Severeanu himself in 1936 and later by C. Băluță. However, certain features were left out or not sufficiently discussed by the previous authors, and will be added in this article. The description of each lamp is completed with the details of fabric and manufacture, as well as specific features, such as the inscription mentioning Euctemon on one of the lamps and other potter’s marks. All the lamps are registered as originating from Tomis, dating from the 1st to the 4th centuries AD, and are organized in this paper according to their presumed workshops – Pontic (including local/regional workshops from Dobruja), Aegean and Micro-Asian, Egypt.

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Wind from West – Notes on Origins of a Special Type of Handle with Horizontal Thumb Plate in Eurasia (1st-10th c. AD)

Wind from West – Notes on Origins of a Special Type of Handle with Horizontal Thumb Plate in Eurasia (1st-10th c. AD)

Author(s): Bartlomiej Sz. Szmoniewski / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

This article concentrates on the genesis of a special form of the drinking cup and similar vessels with the characteristic handle with horizontal plate – the type called thumb plate. Such vessels were popular in Central and East Asia in the time from the 7th c. to the 10th AD. My research shows that such form of cups with the handle decorated with the horizontal thumb plate should be derived from the Greco -Roman and Byzantine environments. Most probably, two types of decorated drinking cup were used as models: skyphos and modolius. The popularity of the first in eastern provinces of the Roman Empire is indicated by numerous depictions on funeral monuments from Palmyra, the town being an important link in the trade exchange between East and West. Therefore, such forms could be adopted in Central Asia via the Silk Route and in later times starting from half of the 4th c. throughout Nestorians, whose communities were very strong represented in Central Asia as well as in East Asia. This last indication seems to be very probable because the production of cups with handles with the thumb plate is dated in the 7th c. in Central Asia.

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Early Medieval Bulgarian Belt Set – Composition and Function

Early Medieval Bulgarian Belt Set – Composition and Function

Author(s): Stella Doncheva / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

After baptism and imposing a Christian faith, the belt begins to lose much of its sacred and symbolic character. Moreover, even in Byzantium, where the new religious system comes from and changes the whole public structure, such military distinctions and attributes of clothing are not used in this form. The well-known belt sets of this period have different material and technology of manufacture. They are forged from metal plates on matrices, have larger dimensions and a specific ornamentation. From being a military distinction and a symbol of be longing to a certain social class, the belt gradually began to propagate and spread among various other population categories, which is confirmed by the mass production of items for belt sets. The widespread penetration of the ornamental belt among the common people since the beginning of the 9th century has permanently produced a change in the material of fabrication. Castings are mainly copper alloys (bronze), and less often billon and silver. But when did the final desacralization and profanation of the belt in the Bulgarian society occur? Obviously at the time when the mass production of belt sets began in medieval Bulgaria - at the end of the era of king Simeon the Great (893 -927) and the time of king Peter the I (927-969). Afterwards, during the following period of peace in Bulgarian history, along with the signing of the 30-year treaty between Bulgaria and Byzantium, appropriate conditions for the development of arts and crafts were created.

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Similar Traits and Influences in the Production of Belt Sets in Bulgaria and Romania in the 10th Century AD

Similar Traits and Influences in the Production of Belt Sets in Bulgaria and Romania in the 10th Century AD

Author(s): Stella Doncheva / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

The discovery of 10th century metal art centres in the vicinity of the capital of Preslav, i.e. near the villages of Novosel, municipality of Shumen and Zlatar, municipality of Preslav, opened a new trend in the medieval Bulgarian archaeology. The production center at Novosel is spread over an area of 170 acres and has been operating with great intensity in the first half of 10th century. At the same time, Zlatar center was smaller in size and occupied an area of 40 acres. Both centers are designed and specialized in casting non-ferrous metals and manufacturing fine metalwork. The main activity of the centers around Preslav is metalworking. There is no melted ore here, so there are no remains of melting furnaces, from the ore itself and the accompanying similar metallurgical activity waste production. A third center of metal art in the vicinity of Nadarevo, municipality of Targovishte, is not yet systematically studied. The investigations made on Novosel and Zlatar sites helped clarifying some controversial issues connected with the place and role of a large number of metal items found by archaeologists or donated to museums in the past two decades.

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Objets de vénération personnelle provenant de Vratitza médiévale

Objets de vénération personnelle provenant de Vratitza médiévale

Author(s): Maria Christova-Penkova,Aleksandra Petrova / Language(s): French Issue: 53/2020

The medieval town of Vratsa developed as both administrative and military center, guarding the passages and the important copper mines in the region. The remains of the fortress can be found 2 kilometers from the center of the currently existing city. Systemathic archaeological researches have been carried on with limited resources since 2007. The city is based among two fortified units - one in the Gradishte area, next to the passage, and the second, known as Kemer-kale, where the river exits the gorge. The name of the city Vratitsa is mentioned in an epigraphic monument from the 13th century, representing a donatin act for a royal monastery whose exact localization remains unknown to this day. Within the fortified urban area are located two medieval churches as well. However, the place and role of the Christianity is determined not only by the architecture, but by the objects for personal veneration used by the local population. The discovered crosses and a ring with Chi-Rho monogram are the subject of this report, facing us with questions like how those artefacts were distributed from worship/ production centers, as well as if there is a possibility of local production.

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Inventory of Late Antique and Medieval Ports Along the Western Black Sea

Inventory of Late Antique and Medieval Ports Along the Western Black Sea

Author(s): Preslav Peev,Alkiviadis-Alexandros Ginalis / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

The study aims to investigate the historical and economic use of the Bulgarian coastline, which is an integral part of the wider port networks and maritime connectivity of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. A systematic archaeological research of the topographic evolution of the coast in association to the functionality of port sites and other coastal facilities during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages shall provide new data on the development of coastal life and especially the nature of marine resources and agricultural as well as industrial exploitation in context of maritime commerce. Building upon this base, the research project emphasizes on the analysis of the palaeogeographic environment linked to the Black Sea level fluctuations in areas of preselected archaeological sites. By using orthophotography and 3D shooting, as well as geoarchaeological data of the landscapes, the investigation complements the already existing archaeological information. Latter will eventually be used for the study of network patterns and comparative studies of port hierarchies and interrelated functionalities of coastal infrastructures. This eventually will provide a new platform for a better understanding of maritime economy as well as social and cultural connectivity throughout the Black Sea region. It can often be observed that ancient port sites show a continuation to the medieval or Ottoman periods and some of them even up to modern times. However, a different utilization of the coastal landscape and its connectivity to the maritime networks is given due to physical changes of the coastline caused by the rise of sea -level, migration and political or ethnic changes of the coastal population. The initial stage of the research programme focuses on collecting and analysing relevant secondary literature, information from medieval to post-medieval nautical charts and Periploi as well as historiographical accounts in written sources. These will be set against the already published archaeological data of in total thirty-three registered ports, harbours and anchorages along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

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News of Classis Flavia Moesica in Rasova. Reexamining the Tile Stamps of the Fleet on the Lower Danube Limes

News of Classis Flavia Moesica in Rasova. Reexamining the Tile Stamps of the Fleet on the Lower Danube Limes

Author(s): Ioan Carol Opriș / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2020

A stray find from Rasova (Constanța county) bearing a CLASF[M] inscription brings to the fore the issue of the construction material with stamps of Classis Flavia Moesica, typology included. The tile has a special importance. It is actually the missing puzzle piece for inferring an early Trajanic fleet installation in Rasova and was found at the top of the so-called ”Fortress Hill”. The latter is located next to a horreum and monumental context with a Bauinschrift (dated 106 AD or a little later) and moreover along to the limes road in precisely the same place where later on Flaviana and Milites Nauclarii were mentioned in Notitia Dignitatum (Or., XXXIX, 20). Given the lack of clear archaeological contexts, it is hard to say for now if the CLASFM stamps are early 2nd century or later ones. The production must be cautiously distributed between, roughly speaking, Trajan's bellum Dacicum and the end of the Antonine dinasty.

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Contribuții privind prezența monedelor regatului celtic din Thracia în Dobrogea

Contribuții privind prezența monedelor regatului celtic din Thracia în Dobrogea

Author(s): Gabriel Talmațchi,Cristian Cealera / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 53/2020

During the year 2020, a bronze coin struck for the Celtic king Kavaroswas discovered near Lipnița (Constanța County), with the metal detector. It is of the ico-nographic type Nike or Apollo / Nike and was issued in the mint of Mesambria, between239-218 BC. Previous research has generally shown that the area of monetary circulation of bronze coins minted in Mesambria (of the Amazonian / Athena Alkis and Apollo /Celtic shield types) overlaps with that of Kavaros' bronze coins (of the Nike or Apollo /Nike) for the period of the second half of the third century BC. In historical Dobruja, the most northern discoveries (referring to the circulation area of these Celtic coins) are recorded near Cavarna (in the villages of Bojureț, Septemvrijitsi and Sveti Nikola). This fact, to which are added the Celtic discoveries from Ruse and Razgrad, allowed the launch of the hypothesis regarding the control by the Celtic kingdom of Thrace of the area immediately south of the Danube bank. Our specimen appeared at a distance of about 100 km in a straight line from Shumen and Arkunis, respectively, and about 150 km from Mesambria. For the moment, the monetary discovery cannot be related to the existence of a settlement or necropolis of Hellenistic period known in the vicinity of the locality. We do not know to what extent the coin from Lipnița expresses a new northern limit of the Celtic kingdom. It is possible to represent an indication of the remote control of this Danube area by King Kavaros, against the background of the increasing influenc e and military involvement of the Scythian kingdom in Dobruja, towards the end of the 3rd century BC.

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Date noi privind ponduri antice și medievale târzii descoperite în Dobrogea

Date noi privind ponduri antice și medievale târzii descoperite în Dobrogea

Author(s): Gabriel Custurea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 53/2020

The author presents 10 weights recently entered in the MINAC collections.It is a Callatian weight (early Roman), discovered at Dulcești (no. 1), late Romanpieces discovered at Izvoarele - Sucidava (no. 2, 3) and somewhere in Dobrogea (no. 9),and six late medieval and modern weights, discovered in Târgușor (no. 4, 5, 6), Tufani(no. 7), Vâlcele (no. 8) and in an unspecified place (no. 10). All these discoveries attest to the development of trade and even the exchange of money in different historical epochs.

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