We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The work presents the results of the analysis of a species diversity of the Old East Slavic settlement “Igren 8”(Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine). The settlement occupied the area of nearly 15 ha which was relatively large for this region. In Medieval period around the mouths of tributaries to the delta of the Dnieperdense forests were located, although the region is located in the south forest-steppe zone and the steppe zone. The majority of hunted birds belong to the group Anatidae (at least 72% of the minimum possible number of individuals). Poultry played the minor role in the diet of the residents of the medieval settlement “Igren 8”. We have drawn the conclusion about birds from “Igren 8”inhabiting water with thickets of the hygrophyte vegetation on the periphery. Nowadays, there are many embryophytes such as Phragmites australis, Typha spp., Glyceria maxima, Acorus calamus and others in these places. Hygrophytes covering of reservoirs is typically less than 20%.
More...
The present paper deals with the contribution made by studies of Thracian veterans to the problem of tribal affiliation as reflected in their nomenclature. The topics discussed include: 1) the problem of tribal affiliations, and that not all veterans are given one, 2) the use of old Roman tribes such as Quirina, for instance, at a time when they did not exist any more, and 3) the problem of the ‘pseudo-tribe’. The latter is examined using examples that provide various exceptions to the rule that are discussed by G. Forni, and this reveals also some of the ways of how these pseudo-tribes were chosen by the veterans themselves.
More...
This work is devoted to the study of mortars obtained in the study of wine-making complexes in the western part of Ilyich-1 settlement (“Bereg-IV” excavation area) in 2015—2016, using the poly-polarization method. The Ilyich-1 settlement is located around the Ilyich hillfort on Taman, on the northeastern edge of the Ilyich village, 2 km north-east from the beginning of the Chushky Spit. All three wine-making complexes are dated by a narrow chronological period (mid-1st century BC — 1st half of 1st century AD). The wine-growing complexes discovered at the ancient settlement give new data on the building solutions used in the construction of ancient wineries in the 1st century BC — 1st century AD. Based on the analysis performed, we can be sure that fragments of shells were added to the cementing mortar along with the remains of mollusks and served as both a source of organic matter and centers for additional crystallization of mortars. Vegetable fibers were used to improve the plasticity of the mortar.
More...(результаты исследования химического состава металла монет из кладов)
The article discusses the results of a study of the chemical composition of the alloy of Bosporan staters from hoards found in Phanagoria (2011), Taman 16 (2016) and Gai-Kodzor (1986). Their concealment was connected with invasions of the Sarmatians and Alans in AD 328, 307/308, and 341/342. The XRF method allowed to trace the progressive degradation and change of alloys by emissions. The state’s search for finance to fight the barbarians was accompanied by inflationary processes in the Bosporus economy, i. e. excessively abundant or, on the contrary, tiny emissions of staters, as well as the debasement of coinage due by reason of deficit of the silver. The study shows that the highest rates of minting in the Bosporus, caused by the growing need of the state for funds in a tense military situation in the Northern Black Sea region, were accompanied by a transition from silver to copper alloys.
More...
As is well known, boat trips on rivers and canals were an essential part of Mesopotamian economy at the end of the 3rd millennium BC; the Tigris and Euphrates, with their tributaries and canals, served as major highways in Mesopotamia. In the Ur III period, inland traffic by waterway was very extensive (more so than interregional water transport). This paper aims at highlighting ports/harbours of the province of Ĝirsu/Lagaš recorded in the administrative texts from the end of the 3rd millennium, by cataloguing the name of the places where these harbours are located.
More...
This paper deals with the connections between trafficking human bodies, that is, human body parts and German anthropology in the late XIX and early XX century. Special attention was paid to the displaying of humans in ethnographic exhibitions, to the cravings of anthropologists for the objective knowledge about them and to the need of wide audience to see exotic bodies. Some historians of German anthropology recognize the continuity between such "antihumanism" reflected in denying the subjectivity in the objects of anthropological researches at the turn of the century, the conduct of anthropologists towards the prisoners of war in World War I and the role of anthropology and its sister disciplines in World War II. This kind of perspective encourages the research of the German anthropological tradition within the postcolonial studies in a global context and also refers to the reexamination of the "German" basis of the national anthropology and archeology.
More...
Book review:Ian Hodder (ed.), Religion at work in a Neolithic society: vital matters, Cambridge, 2014, Cambridge University Press, 382 p. and 47 figs., ISBN978‐1‐107‐67126‐3.
More...Санкт‐Петербург, 2016, Институт Истории Материалной Културы, Россиская Академия Наук
Book review: Olga V. Lozovskaya, Andrey N. Mazurkevich, Ekaterina V. Dolbunova (eds.), Traditions and innovations in the study of earliest pottery. Materials of the international conference, May, 24‐27, 2016, St. Pеtersburg, Russia, St. Pеtersburg, 2016, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences; 256 p., ISBN 978‐5‐9907148‐9‐2.
More...
book review: Maurizio Forte, Stefano R.L. Campana (eds.), Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology, Archaeology in the Age of Sensing, Berlin, 2016, Springer International Publishing, 496 p., 223 fig., ISBN 978-3-319-40656-5
More...
Book review: Christoph Siart, Markus Forbriger, Olaf Bubenzer (eds.), Digital Geoarchaeology. New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human-Environmental Research, Natural Science in Archaeology, 2018, Springer, 269 p., ISBN 978-3-319-25314-5
More...
Book review: Andrei Asăndulesei, GIS (Geographic Information System), fotogrametrie și geofizică în arheologie. Investigații non-invazive în așezări Cucuteni din România, Colecție: Bibliotheca Archaeologica Moldaviae, Editura Universității “Al. I. Cuza”, Iași, 2018, 274 p., ISBN 978-606-714-215-0
More...
The X-ray fluorescence analyses of 19 harnesses pieces and 13 beads from Agighiol show that they were made from silver, gold and copper; some items include copper to strengthen the alloy and some phalerae were gilded and contain more gold in the protome. The X-ray fluorescence analyses of ten Histrian obols from the first stylistical and weight system (475-410 BC), plus three didrachmas and 26 obols of the second group (410-380 / 350 BC) show that they were made principally of silver. The earlier obols contain a higher percentage of copper and lead than the later obols; the copper and lead do not indicate an intentional alloying, but they belong to the process of extraction of silver from ores, because the silver was not purified. The phalerae and the beads differ from the coins in the proportions of gold and silver, differences that can be explained functionally and technologically: most of the phalerae were gilded, but the coins were made using pure silver. The coins and the phalerae differ with regard to trace elements, from example iron and bismuth, because of the different original ores from which the silver was extracted. The phalerae and coins could not have been cast using Histrian silver coins.
More...
The article presents the preliminary results of the archaeological and ethnographic explorations of the site with remains of salt exploitation from Gherla–Valea Sărată. The site is located at ca. 1800 m south-west of the city of Gherla, Romania, and covers the valley of a salt creek measuring ca. 3000 m (N–S) × 550 m (E–W). In the northern sector of the site, around a salt water basin that was recently developed, on a surface measuring ca. 70 m (N–S) × 60 m (E–W), there were identified and studied various archaeological remains: traces from structures of wooden poles and wattle, ceramic fragments and a stone axe. They date from the Neolithic or the Eneolithic, the early and middle Bronze Age, and the modern period. The discovered remains are, by most probabilities, related to the exploitation of the salt water. In the northern and central part of the site there are numerous cavities and earth mounds, as well as other soil irregularities of anthropic origin, for which it was not possible to advance a dating. The northern part of the site yielded several structures from the recent period: two roofed salt water wells with timber shafts, both recently re-developed using fresh and reclaimed timber. Across the entire site there are several salt springs with basic furnishings. In the northern and central part of the site there are several “scalde” — pools with basic furnishings used for treatments with salt water and mud, without any supervision from healthcare personnel. Near the largest of these “scalde”, there have been discovered fragments a wayside crucifix, specific to the area. It was most likely dedicated to the curative properties of the “salt place”. According to the interviewed denizens, the saline manifestations from Valea Sărată are exploited to a large extent in the traditional economy: for cooking and preserving human food and animal fodder, and in folk medicine. Also relevant is that Valea Sărată is one of the preferred grazing locations for sheep according to the local shepherds, who mentioned that animals particularly like the grass growing in saline soils. The brine from Valea Sărată is considered by the locals and inhabitants of the surrounding villages as “the best of the area”, so that people from multiple settlements around a 10 km radius come regularly to Valea Sărată for collecting brine and for bathing. The site has a high potential for more in-depth interdisciplinary research.
More...
The paper presents the physical, chemical and biological investigations, as well as a detail the process of restoration of a byzantine icon from Church of Saint Georgios in Ajloun, Jordan. Before establishing any treatment or maintenance procedures, it was necessary to obtain complete information about the components of the icon and its condition. Keeping in mind the original aesthetic aspect of the icon. In this effort an integrated analytical approach was used. In order to evaluate the icon’s components and degree of degradation, surface and bulk techniques were used. X-ray fluorescence using a Philips Minipal PW4025 spectrometer was used to identify the elemental composition of the preparation layer and background. For the chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was investigation was performed. The FTIR technique was also used to identify the media used in the application of the icon layers, as well as the type of varnish used to insulate the icon. The cleaning process is a key point in the conservation process although it is one of the most important aspects for an artwork and is considering a series of deteriorations and degradations. XRF results of the preparation layer sample revealed it consisted of Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), since it contains calcium (Ca) and Sulphate, analysis of red pigments showed that it was comprised of red-lead (Pb3O4). The overall efficiency of all conservation process including cleaning seems to be effective.
More...
In multidisciplinary communication, putting standardised lexicons into practice is essential in order to avoid problems such as terminological misinterpretations and ambiguity. Most standardised lexicons take English as a basis; however, in many cases Romance languages are not taken into account. In this work, lexicons for manufactured objects are presented in the main Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and Catalan) together with the seminal English lexicon. This multilingual lexicon is organised in the style of a traditional dictionary. It concerns either past or present, original or (contemporary or not) copied items, and is intended to help people active in any field in which manufactured objects may be involved, from museum pieces to factory-made items.
More...CRAFTSMANSHIP AND COMMUNITY IN THE EASTERN CARPATHIAN BASIN DURING THE LATE IRON AGE (4TH – 3RD CENTURIES BC)
Scopul acestui articol este de a identifica statutul social şi economic al diferitelor categorii de artizani în cadrul comunităţilor rurale din estul Bazinului Carpatic pe parcursul sec. IV-III a.Chr., precum şi relaţiile stabilite între meşteri şi categoriile de consumatori. Comunităţile rurale din zona în discuţie au cunoscut un anumit grad de ierarhizare socială şi o competiţie economică şi socială. Aceasta din urmă a implicat comunităţi întregi, în care fiecare familie sau clan a avut tendinţa de a-şi exprima propria putere economică, socială şi politică utilizând un limbaj simbolic recunoscut de către toate părţile implicate, care presupuneau etalarea unor desirable goods şi a altor elemente de prestigiu.Ca urmare, elitele au simţit nevoia de a controla producţia de astfel de bunuri de prestigiu şi de a avea acces la artizani specializaţi, capabili să le ofere. Unii dintre aceşti meşteri erau locali, în timp ce alţii erau străini, din afara comunităţilor. Mobilitatea elitelor a determinat de asemenea mobilitatea unor artizani de prestigiu. Descoperirile din aşezări ilustrează existenţa unei alte categorii de meşteri specializaţi care aprovizionau regulat comunităţile rurale cu obiecte de larg consum. În sfârşit, secolul al III-lea a.Chr. a fost martorul apariţiei unui fenomen nou: concentrarea activităţilor meşteşugăreşti în mari centre specializate, aşa cum o demonstrează aşezarea de la Sajópetri din nord-estul Ungariei. Aceste fenomene anunţă transformările de esenţă în organizarea economică şi socială, care se vor produce în secolul următor şi care vor lua forma comunităţilor oppidane.
More...MITHRAS IN APULUM – AN ICONOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY
În acest articol sunt analizate monumentele de artă mithraică aflate în colecția Muzeului Național al Unirii din Alba Iulia, în încercarea de a stabili un profil iconografic al lui Mithras la nivelul orașului Apulum și în territorium. E vorba în primul rând de 5 reliefuri de marmură de foarte bună calitate și cu un grad de conservare corespunzător; trei dintre ele sunt organizate în trei registre, celelalte două constând doar din scena tauroctoniei. Alte 4 reliefuri fragmentare ale tauroctoniei sunt prezentate rapid, urmate de 3 statui de calcar ale lui Mithras Petrogenitus și, doar ca mențiuni, de 6 monumente mithraice minore.Comunitatea mithraică din Apulum era foarte activă epigrafic și artistic în secolele II-III p.Chr. Aici sunt atestați cei mai mulți adoratori ai zeului din toată provincia Dacia cu excepția capitalei Sarmizegetusa, iar din comunitatea de la Apulum făcea parte singurul adorator de rang senatorial al zeului cunoscut din Dacia. Cele 18 monumente mithraice aflate azi în Muzeul de la Alba Iulia, un eșantion semnificativ al celor 50 de monumente mitraice sigure provenind din Apulum, sugerează că, deși cultul lui Mithras era cel mai popular din armata romană, comunitatea – din care cunoaștem cel puțin 30 de indivizi în Apulum - avea și o puternică dimensiune civilă. Mai mult, aceste monumente dovedesc remarcabila flexibilitate a artei provinciale în cadrul unei iconografii a cultului totuși standardizate la scara Imperiului.
More...