Богословски термини в съчинението "За серафимите"от книга "Маргарит" на св. Йоан Златоуст в превод на Дионисий Дивни

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva G. / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Object of research in this paper are theological terms in the Middle Bulgarian translation of John Chrysostom’s Of the Seraphim. The analyzed theologisms are grouped into three groups on a structural principle and the development of their semantics has been traced in the direction of expanding or narrowing. Lexemes missing in the Old Bulgarian literary language have been compared with Middle Bulgarian texts originating from the 14th century. The findings point to the role of the Greek terminological system in the formation of the Middle Bulgarian one.

Uuspaganlik vanapagan - August Kitzbergi „Maimu” kui ajalooline romaan ja mütograafiline essee

Author(s): Hasso Krull / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 05/2019

The Estonian historical novel dates back to the 1880s. One the first such novels was August Kitzberg’s Maimu (1892) depicting the relations between local people and the Livonian order in the 14th century. Maimu was extremely popular and has been abundantly reprinted. However, literary scholars have always been reluctant to admit its merits because of its hybrid form and historical anachronisms. Meanwhile they have noticed its religious commitment and a critical attitude towards Christianity. Drawing from some recent researches, this paper argues that hybridity (Ann Rigney) and the palimpsest paradigm (Tom Bragg) have been essential generic traits of the historical novel from the very beginning. The distinctive feature of Maimu is its explicit hybridity, allowing the reader to distinguish between its fictional, mythical and historical layers without any effort. This feature should not be considered a weakness today. Nonetheless, Kitzberg’s novel is also conspicuous for its intertextual affluence, ranging from local oral tradition and old chronicles to Torquato Tasso, Abbé Prévost and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In closer inspection it becomes clear that Kitzberg’s intention was not restricted to a simple description of the foregone milieu and mentality. Maimu is a neopagan manifesto combining a mythical dimension with a utopian vision of a new community that refers to pre-Christian direct democracy. This utopian vision does not resemble classical utopianism, which was characterized by a dogmatic rationalism and a justification of means by ends. On the contrary, it is closer to the anarchist utopias of the 20th century, lacking the idea of perfection. Kitzberg’s vision of a utopian community is equally oriented to nature, associating him with later neopagan literature. Hence, Maimu can be considered a unique literary achievement anticipating in many respects the postromantic and postmodern developments.

Ke vzniku a recepci Bassova protektorátního románu

Author(s): Erik Gilk / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The present paper deals with the most extensive novel by Eduard Bass (1888–1946) Cirkus Humberto published in 1941. Although the novel was later produced as an operetta, a drama, a radio play and a TV series, literary historians have not inquired into this popular novel. On the other hand, there are many critical reviews of the period which document that the critical discussion was possible even in the third year of German occupation during the World War II. The study focuses on the genesis and critical reception of the novel and also attempts to interpret it as an update of the ideals of the Czech national revival. It is supposed that the conception of European history created by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder was encoded in the novel. His theory on a positive future of Slavonic nations had a significant impact on the beginnings of the Czech national revival. A thematic connection between Cirkus Humberto and the first fiction Klapzubova jedenáctka by Bass can be also found here (1922).

Alegorické a reálné v románu a filmu Cesta

Author(s): Petr Bubeníček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The study is concerned with The Road, a post-apocalyptic novel by Cormac McCarthy, and with its film adaptation. It follows the artistic configurations involved, as they reduce people to their biological foundations while, at the same time, pointing to the survival of rudimentary ethical consciousness even in individuals living in extremely strained conditions. The film, especially, shows the downfall of the protagonist into post-apocalyptic horror as leading to the eventual discovery of his quintessential humanity. Moreover, the text by McCarthy can also be read as a postmodern argument against the rationale of modernism: instrumental behaviours stand opposed to ethical behaviour, which is irrational in that it disadvantages those who engage in it. The study examines why, in McCarthy, this divine, ethical principle does not go the way of the rest of the bygone symbolic system, i.e. devolves into a mere phantasma.

The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies

Author(s): Dime Mitrevski / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2017

The review of: LEITCH, Thomas, ed.: The Oxford Handbook of Adaptation Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Oxford Handbooks. 784 s.

Pekař Jan Marhoul ze strukturalistické a fikčně světové perspektivy

Author(s): Bohumil Fořt / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

The study deals with a famous work of Czech modernism, Pekař Jan Marhoul by Vladislav Vančura. The novel has been examined from several theoretical perspectives, nevertheless, the major knowledge of the novel comes from the Prague School structuralists, namely Jan Mukařovský, Zdeněk Kožmín and Mojmír Grygar. The study overviews their investigations and compares them to the result delivered by the application of fictional worlds theory to the novel.

Obrazy ze života mezi ironií a snem. Máchova Marinka a kontury protorealismu v polovině 30. let 19. století

Author(s): Kateřina Piorecká / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2014

In the half of the 1830s the communication principles in the Czech language literary space underwent changes, as this space widened and differentiated in the competition of the parallel discourses – namely, fading away Classicism, strong entrance of the Romanticism and first realistic tendencies. It is just the genre of the „picture from life“ that enables us to distinctly perceive this dynamics: from its transfer to the Czech culture, i. e. the process of establishing and forming distinct variants in the frame of the mentioned discourses. Originally a journalistic genre, the „picture from life“ became popular belletristic form, substitute, in some measure, for the prestigious prosaic genres the story and the novel. It usually covered a short time period, was set in a clearly defined space determined by topographical motifs and it used first person narration by the autobiographical or the personal narrator. Mácha in his unfinished cycle Pictures from My Life led a dialogue with this trend, with his „Marinka“ standing in the middle of the literary field of the texts published in magazines in 1834–1835, which thematically and in language structure fulfill and modify the literary conventions of the „picture from life“ and reader expectations. At the same time, Marinka is its ironic „contrafactura“, which brought about one of the first controversies traditionally interpreted as the crystallization of the Romantic discourse. However, the controversy itself is rather an illustration of the parallel coexistence of several discourses and their mutual interaction, and thus an evidence of the possibility of penetrating literary methods, specific for different discourses, in one and the same literary work of art.

Jaký Pondělíček, takový Kundera

Author(s): Petr Šámal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2020

Novák, Jan. Kundera: český život a doba. První vydání. Praha: Argo, 2020. 879 stran, 32 nečíslovaných stran obrazových příloh. ISBN 978-80-257-3215-1.

Olbrachtův Golet v údolí ve světle románu Josef a bratří jeho Thomase Manna

Author(s): Olga Zitová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2013

During the 1930s, when Olbracht wrote all his Subcarpathian novels, he started to become involved in literary translation (basically to earn a living in all probability), translating exclusively from German and mostly from the work of Thomas Mann. This study carries on from the work of Jiří Opelík from 1967, which for the first time put forward the proposition that Olbracht’s approach to translation work was very active, so these translations acted as catalysts to hasten the qualitative transformation in Olbracht’s work. The study compares the collection of prose works Golet v údolí (1937) with Thomas Mann’s tetralogy of novels Joseph and his brothers (1926‒1942), from which Olbracht translated a total of three works during the 1930s (the first two in collaboration with Helena Malířová). A comparison of both authors’ poetics (the nature of the fictional world, their specific conceptions of myth, the narrator and the characters) indicates that between the two works there are several analogies supporting and in many respects complementing Opelík’s theory. A look at Golet v údolí in the light of Mann’s tetralogy opens up new ways of interpreting this crowning achievement by Olbracht.

Reception of national social discourses in east slavic fantasy of the beginning of the XXI century

Author(s): Gurduz Andriy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

At this time, the very productive fantasy genre intensively rethinks of the national reality, primarily socio-political, in veiled or direct way. The original embodiment of echoes of resonant social events of the beginning of the XXI century we found in fantasy novels, and that embodiment is organic to modern myth-making tendencies of the genre. The search for an artistic reflection of national identity is especially relevant today for the literatures of the post-Soviet space. We determine for the first time the specifics of the fantasy reception of Ukrainian, Belorussian and Russian social discourses of the beginning of the XXI century respectively in “The House in Which Time Was Lost” by Victoria Granetska, Anastasia Nikulina and Maryna Odnoroh, “Seven Stones” by Oleksiy Shein and “Empire ‘V’” – “Batman Apollo” by Victor Pelevin. The key elements of our study are the coverage in the compared literary texts the role in modeling the fantasy chronotope of traditional structures of legendary and mythological origin, as well as the differences between the basic fantasy paradigms regarding the ethical aspect of the relationship between good and evil.

„Manger l’autre” (2018) : pour une autre poétique insulaire

Author(s): Cynthia Volanosy Parfait / Language(s): French Issue: 21/2022

Ananda Devis’s Manger l’autre (or “Eating the other”), published in 2018, is a western novel in its description of places as well as in the sociological issues it covers, but it remains nevertheless a very insular novel, although not necessarily limited to Mauritius. This study aims indeed at uncovering a different type of insular poetics in Devi’s writing, one that is constructed around a contextualised intertext made out of À l’autre bout du monde (1979), a Mauritian novel about exile which is being pursued, and of Paul et Virginie (1788), the founding novel of Mauritian literature. The theme of the obese character’s isolation and her relation to the outside world is not just a playful echo, it translates the fundamental isolation of the islander.

ZWEI JAHRE NACHT EIN ROMAN, DER ZUR KONTINUITÄT UND WANDLUNG DER BOSNISCH HERZEGOWINISCHEN LITERATUR BEITRÄGT

Author(s): Jasmina Zlatarević / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2022

The problematization of war or post-war themes can be found in a large number of works that were created after the war. This refers to authors living and working in Bosnia and Herzegovina and those who have replaced their former Bosnian-Herzegovinian existence with another Bosnian-Herzegovinian authors, whose personal and professional commitment today extends far beyond the borders of Bosnia Herzegovina, contribute just as successfully to the cultural heritage of their (former) country. The second group of authors - those who still live in Bosnia and Herzegovina, enrich the literary corpus of this country with their equally tireless literary commitment. Damir Ovčina's novel Two Years Night is a unique requiem for a city, a district, a love story, a dark time. It is a novel that transcends the pure war framework, although war is a constant. The characters in the novel have no names, the author speaks in the first person, he knows the city he is writing about very well. The sentences are short, the lexicon condensed, the syntax rationalized. In the novel, human destinies and tragedies, historical facts and the author's fiction are intertwined.

Gothic Elements in Representations of a Pandemic: Borislav Pekic’s Rabies

Author(s): Ana Kocić Stanković,Marko Mitić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper deals with the Gothic elements in the representation of a pandemic based on the 1983 novel Besnilo (‘Rabies’) by Serbian author Borislav Pekic. The authors start from the premise that the elements ‘borrowed’ from the Gothic genre play a key role in creating the main plot of the novel: a catastrophe caused by an extremely contagious and deadly man-manipulated version of the rabies virus. The theoretical framework is based on Fred Botting’s (1995) and Jerrold E. Hogle’s (2002) views of Gothic writing as a diffused mode that exceeds genres and categories and contributes its various elements to various literary forms. Furthermore, Gothic elements characteristic of Gothic science fiction, such as madness, monstrosity, the Mad Scientist, people meddling with nature with catastrophic consequences, the apocalyptic vision of human future and “the removal of man from his natural, living state and entry instead into a state of being neither completely human or monster, and neither fully alive or completely dead” (MacArthur 2015: 79) are traced in the novel and analysed in the context of literary representations of a pandemic. As Pekic’s novel is a mixture of various genres and is often defined and described as a horror thriller novel, an attempt is made to offer a new reading that would consider its constituent Gothic elements against a backdrop of the deeply and inherently human drama of the everlasting struggle between good and evil. Thus, pandemics are represented as a kind of catalyst that exposes both deeply human and rational, and deeply inhuman and irrational, impulses, leaving the final outcome of that struggle uncertain.

Ptáček, dreamtime a nostalgie

Author(s): Martin Šorm / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2022

Christa Wolf und die Verortung von dem Selbst. Eine Analyse der Selbstverwirklichung in Christa Wolfs Roman Nachdenken über Christa T.

Author(s): Ioan Laurian Soare / Language(s): German Issue: 3/2022

Christa Wolf was born in 1929 in a country that shortly thereafter had to end its existence. The famous German writer then studied, lived, and wrote in another system, which in turn was dissolved after decades. Such events have a dramatic effect on the life of an individual. The paper attempts to identify some features related to writing and identity in Wolf’s novel Nachdenken über Christa T (Reflections on Christa T.). In her texts, the author writes about her characters who encounter existential contradictions: on the one hand, there is a totalitarian system in which human beings have to survive; on the other hand, there is Wolf’s protagonist who tries to locate his or her individuality and thus create an ethic of his/her life. Christa Wolf’s analysis of identity is focused on the attempt to be authentic in a milieu that gives her few opportunities for development. Wolf’s writing describes our world. The texts written in the 60s, 70s, and 80s are still full of relevance today. By reading Christa Wolf, we discover a system full of violence, where the individual develops strategies for survival. The author suggests an existential recipe: through critical questioning and through a meticulous analysis of our own self, we are able to find a solution for ourselves and for others.

Między Rzymem a Bizancjum – wątki marynistyczne związane z historią Numenoru i jego państw sukcesyjnych w twórczości Tolkiena

Author(s): Marcin Böhm / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

J. R. R. Tolkien was one of the most famous authors of the classics of the fantasy genre, and also a very talented researcher of European languages. Tolkien also perfectly knew the history of our continent from the Ancient and Medieval times, thanks to which in his Middle-earth there is an unusually large number of references to real events and facts. This is most evident in the battle of Pelennor Fields, but this is not the only such testimonial. Our author is perfectly familiar with the history of the Roman Empire, as well as his heir the Byzantine Empire,that’s why he used them to based his vision of Númenor, and also Arnor andGondor on this states. Along with them, there appear in his works also threadsreferring to the history of ancient Rome’s seafaring, which is the main source of reflection in this speech. The main subject of our deliberations will be the Lord of the Rings trilogy, Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales.

Quand l’art devient une rectification de l’homme: Gary et Malraux, un même humanisme esthétique?

Author(s): Lou Mourlan / Language(s): French Issue: Appendix/2022

When we question the humanism of Gary or Malraux, we see the question of art arise on all sides. Aesthetics and ethics indeed seem intrinsically linked, firstly because, for them, art is a way of denying the inhuman, whether it be the absurdity of our condition or the crushing weight of History. At a time when the Second World War brought human barbarism to the forefront, what the artist gave us in his works was a finally acceptable image of humankind. Art, according to them, is, at the same time, a consolation and a shelter for humanist ideals, and an ethical gesture in itself. We will try here to confront in Gary’s and Malraux’s books the connections between art and humanism, and to question the existence in these two authors - while preserving the specificities of each - of what one could call an aesthetic humanism.

Praeities tykojimas: medžioklė Józefo Weyssenhoffo romane Sabalas ir panelė

Author(s): Dalia Pauliukevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1/2022

The article investigates Józef Weyssenhoff’s novel The Sable and the Girl (Polish: Soból i panna) published in 1911. The name of its author is rarely mentioned when discussing the Polish literature of the late 19th and early 20th century. Most literary critics agree, however, that the signature feature in Weyssenhoff’s works is his poetic descriptions of nature and hunting, especially in aforementioned work. The article analyses the interplay of Lithuanian and Polish cultures in this text as well as its Lithuanian literary geography. The question is raised as to what cultural and literary meanings might have been concentrated in the novel at the turn of the 20th century, and what Polish-Lithuanian cultural connections were revealed due to it. The article introduction offers a brief overview of the changes in depicting hunting in Western literature and cultural tradition, and considers to what extent those insights are still valid when analysing the works of various authors attributed to and impacted by the legacy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article further traces the competing plots of love and hunting in Weyssenhoff’s novel, and the writer’s ambition to employ the symbol of the lost world – hunting. A combination of extratextual references, internal textual relations, and detectable intertexts has been employed to interpret the novel; therefore, when delving into the development of the narrative, none of the theories (e.g., intertextuality) is clearly dominant. When discussing The Sable and the Girl in the Lithuanian cultural field, the historical contexts of the early 20th century Russian Empire, the intertexts of Polish literary tradition as well as the concept of hunting and a colonial look at the sociocultural environment where the narrative is developed remain of similar significance.

Emotional Violence from the Page to the Screen: Moral Abuse and Psychological Manipulation in The Age of Innocence from Edith Wharton to Martin Scorsese

Author(s): Beatrice Melodia Festa / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Martin Scorsese declared that The Age of Innocence is the most violent film he ever made. This contribution aims to examine Scorsese’s representation of emotional violence on screen as opposed to Wharton’s illustration of psychological and emotional abuse in the novel. The essay aims to explore violence in The Age of Innocence, represented both in the novel and in the film as a subtle and crucial theme, so as to examine how Scorsese’s adaptation contrasts with Wharton’s narrative. As such, this interpretation aims to prove how The Age of Innocence stands apart, because of its significance in Scorsese’s career, and how both novel and film go way beyond the conventions of romance by illustrating female emancipation through an exquisite display of moral abuse and psychological manipulation, which Scorsese re-elaborates on screen through a devastating sense of moral frustration. Charting parallels between the novel and the film, the analysis will show how Scorsese re-elaborates a non-graphic form of violence, earlier outlined in the novel by Wharton, through a devastating visual tension. Ultimately, this analysis seeks to offer a reinterpretation of Wharton’s novel through Scorsese’s film adaptation.

Рефлексии на хронотопа върху езиковите девиации в прозата на Адам Бодор

Author(s): Monika Galabova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This study, based on M. Bakhtin’s theory on the chronotope in the novel and the Fukoyan concept of heterotopia, attempts to motivate the linguistic realizations in Bodor’s books, a direct reflection of the lack of memory and identity of his protagonists, as a consequence of their isolation.