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Uwagi o teistycznej interpretacji zasady antropicznej

Author(s): Tadeusz Pabjan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

This article attempts to answer the question of the relevance of the anthropic principle for theological arguments for the existence of God. The anthropic principle focuses on the subtle “fine-tuning” of the laws of nature and cosmological parameters, without which man could not have appeared in the universe. It seems therefore that the universe exists for a certain purpose, which is the “production” of rational observers. Because of its teleological character the anthropic principle is susceptible to theological interpretation, which assumes that God brings into existence a universe made for man. In this approach the Creator appears as the designer of the universe, albeit his design is confined exclusively to the laws of nature. This is why such an interpretation is essentially different from the so-called theory of intelligent design. This paper defends the thesis that the anthropic principle is an interesting argument – but not a scientific proof – for the rationality of religious faith in God as the creator of the universe.

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ORTAÇAĞ MÜSLÜMAN TOPLUMLARINDA TERCÜME TENKİD TERKİB TELİF AŞAMALARININ TOPLUMSAL İZDÜŞÜMLERİ VE BİLİMİN GELİŞMESİ

Author(s): M. Yavuz Alptekın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

Knowledge is the common accumulation of humanity. However, each scientific process reflects the local characteristics of civilization as well as social surroundings where the knowledge existed. This essay will follow tracks of the mentality of positive science as a characteristic of Islamic civilization as reflected on science; to do so, scientific studies, especially translations in the Islamic Civilization, will be compared with the Western civilization. The picture we have as a result of translations and composition studies will give us important ideas to understand the development of the positive science as a method in each civilization. Lastly, according to the information we get from this comparative study, it will be understood better that there is a big difference between positive characteristics of science that Islam has got from the Middle East, from Greece and from India, with positive characteristics of science in the middle ages that Europe got from Islam. In the process of development of positive sciences Islamic Societies contributed to Europe more than they transferred from them. Especially translation and transfer of Ancient Middle Eastern Knowledge accumulation and Indian and Chinese scientific heritage is a huge contribution itself. During five centuries (from 8th to 12th), Islamic Societies have translated scientific heritage from these three centers and produced writings making such knowledge available for Europe.

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FUAT SEZGİN’E GÖRE HAÇLI SEFERLERİ’NİN DOĞU’YA VE BATI’YA ETKİSİ: SİLAH TEKNOLOJİSİ ALANINDAKİ GELİŞMELER VE BİLİMLERİN AVRUPA’YA TRANSFERİ

Author(s): Bedrettin Basuğuy / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

The Crusades, emerged in 1095, continued for almost two centuries until the expulsion of the Latin Christians from Akkâ, their last center in the East, in 1291. Although the Muslims, who were in front of Europe in almost all areas of civilization, especially science and technology at the beginning of the Crusades, were the side who achieved the final victory against the Crusaders, they withdrew into their shells and took a defensive position at the end of the Crusades. Europe, which lagged behind Muslims in every aspect at the beginning of the Crusades, experienced significant developments in economic and cultural fields at the end of the campaigns and reached the creative level of the core areas of civilization after these campaigns. One of the most important results of the Crusades neglected or ignored by the Western scientific circles is the transmission of sciences and technology developed in the Islamic civilization basin, to the West through the Crusaders. Fuat Sezgin, who defends that the main connection between the Old World and the West is the Arab-Islamic world, considers the Crusades as one of the central points of this connection. According to Sezgin, the Crusaders, who learned the superiority of the Arab-Islamic sciences, had the opportunity to directly recognize the latest scientific studies and technological developments in the Islamic world for 200 years and transfer them to Europe. In this article, we examine the effects of the Crusades to the East and West according to Fuat Sezgin. After the introduction of the routes and means of transferring the sciences to the West, the effects of the Crusades on the Islamic World and Europe will be examined.

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THE SCIENTIFIC PERSONALITY OF FUAT SEZGİN THROUGH THE HISTORY OF ARAB HERITAGE

Author(s): Ousama Ekhtiar / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

This paper deals with the efforts of scientist Fuat Sezgin in reviving the Arab heritage. What motivated him to study Arab heritage? How was his scientific personality affected by that study? How did he move from the stage of collecting the history of the Arab scientific heritage to the stage of investing in the renaissance of the Muslim nation in the contemporary time? We will discuss the merger between the results of the Islamic heritage and the scientific personality of Sezgin, and the influence of Sezgin on the products of that heritage as the leading scientist in this field. The research will discuss the influence of Sezgin on the scientists of his time, and how Sezgin moved from the collection of Islamic heritage to the stage of awareness and defense of this heritage. This is an overview of the research that we will discuss here.

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FUAT SEZGİN’İN TARİH YAZICILIĞINDA RASATHANELER: MERAGA RASATHANESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Sadi Yilmaz,Mehmet Sami Baga / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

Historiography is important in the field of the history of science as in other fields. In the studies of history of science, which aims to determine that different civilizations that have emerged throughout history reveal different branches of science, it is seen that history is built with a certain perspective and therefore, civilizations that have very important contributions to the history of science are neglected as a missing link. The most obvious example of this is the ignorance of the scientific achievements put forward within the Islamic civilization. The works of Fuat Sezgin, who devotes himself to the unveiling of the achievements of Islamic civilization in different disciplines, are of great importance for the determination and presentation of the contributions of Muslims in this field. In this study, within scope of Sezgin's work translated into Turkish under the name of "İslam’da Bilim ve Teknik” (Science and Technique in Islam), especially in the second volume devoted to astronomy, with special references to meraga observatory, it will be described how he handled observatories. And it’s also aimed to determine his reference resources, basic concerns and stresses.

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BÎRÛNÎ’NİN KULLANDIĞI BAZI İLGİ ÇEKİCİ KAVRAMLAR

Author(s): Abdullah DUMAN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

It is a great importance to try to conclude the subjects of research and thought through concepts. The first examples of studies on concepts go back to Ancient Greek philosophers. From them, Aristotle became the most influential philosophers who came after him. There is no doubt that the tradition of interpreting and discussing the disciplines and subjects of thought through concepts is also common among Muslim scientists and philosophers. They did not examine the issues that they considered as a problem only on the concepts produced by previous philosophers. They also produced new concepts. Biruni is one of the Muslim scientists who created works in almost every branch of science and thought. In addition to the contents of his works, he still draws attention with his methodology and concepts in writing. In our study, some interesting concepts used in his works have been tried to be introduced and interpreted.

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HOCAM PROF. DR. FUAT SEZGİN

Author(s): Ramazan ŞEŞEN / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Sp. Issue/2019

Fuat Sezgin 24 Ekim 1924 tarihinde Bitlis’te doğmuştur. Babası Erzurum müftülüğü yapmıştır. Orta ve liseyi Erzurum’da okuduktan sonra İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Matematik bölümüne giren Fuat Sezgin, bu arada Arapça ve İslam medeniyeti konularına ilgisi dolayısıyla Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arap-Fars dilleri bölümü başkanı Prof. Dr. Helmut Ritter’in derslerine devam etmiştir. Bu derslerden etkilenince Matematik bölümü öğrenciliğini bırakmış; büyük bir bilim adamı olarak çok takdir ettiği Helmut Ritter’in öğrencisi olmak için eğitimine Arap-Fars Dili bölümünde devam etmeye başlamıştır. Lisans eğitiminden sonra Arap-Fars bölümünde uzmanlık eğitimine devam edememiştir. Hocası Hocası Ritter’den Ebû Ubeyde Ma’mer b. El-Müsennâ’nın Mecâzü’l-Kur’ân adlı eserinin edisyon kritiği konusu üzerine doktora yapmıştır. Bu eser Mısır’da basılmıştır.

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Mysticism in Tibetan Buddhism. A study into the Path of Insight

Author(s): Adam Wysocki / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The Path of Insight is a spiritual path of Tibetan Buddhismtradition. The fundamental part consists of three elements,such like: preliminary practices, the tranquility meditationand the penetrating insight meditation. However, countedthree parts one ought to perceive as aspects of one processaiming to realize of the soteriology purpose. Theachievement of the non-dual state has its own developmentprocess, which consists experience of the non-dualstate, stabilise it and then development of it. Outline ofdevelopment process is contained in the Path o Insight andrelies on exceeding of subjective-objective divisibility. It isperceived as an effect of the ignorance of true nature of theindividual. The achievement of the non-dual state, that isnature of the mind (tib. sems nyid) constitutes the purposeof the Path of Insight and it is described by concept-symbolcalled mahamudra.

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Znaczenie kościelnych uczelni wyższych dla Kościoła i świata nauki

Author(s): Dariusz Kowalczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The assessment of the importance of ecclesiastical universities depends on the attitude to the Church and its mission, as well as understanding the relationship between it and the world. The word “world” is not unambiguous. The Bible sees the world as the place of God’s action, and, on the other hand, it calls “the world” everything that opposes God. Therefore, religious universities must discern when to cooperate or wrestle with the world. One of the planes is recognising the truth and the way leading to it. The problem appears to be urgent since today, in many academic circles, the so-called post-truth has been held in high esteem, or the concept of truth is reduced to arbitrarily indicated areas. Under these circumstances, ecclesiastical universities should promote interdisciplinary reflection open to reality in all its dimensions of reason, experience, and faith. Their models depend on ecclesiology models. A certain pluralism is possible and necessary here. However, it is essential that the Church, through its universities, is not afraid to speak with its own voice, sometimes going against the current, but it is ready for dialogue with unlike-minded ones. In every model of the university, quality is crucial, which is also a dimension of ecclesiology. It is precisely the quality of Church high schools that decides whether they will be able to play a significant role in the world of science. The article present the importance of this goal, the paths that the Church can take towards it and the difficulties that can be encountered.

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Główne aspekty encykliki Jana Pawła II Fides et ratio w obecnym dyskursie historyczno-teologicznym

Author(s): Adam Kopiec / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the fundamental aspects of the encyclical Fides et ratio of John Paul II concerning the historical and theological context of contemporary culture. It indicates current problems in the harmonious existence of societies that function according to paradigms contrary to the absolute truth of the theological subject. The errors resulting from modernism (subjective rationalism, the cognitive negation of faith) and postmodernism (relativization of truth, atheism and antitheism, the reductionism of faith) are discussed. Further, the existential value of religious faith is demonstrated through the correlation of meaning/sense and truth. In doing so, this article serves as an apologetic for the rational nature of faith. Truth is emphasized as a gift both contained in and received from God’s Revelation, a gift necessary for discovering the sense of human reality.

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Saint Faustina Kowalska - a Mystical Profile Reflected in a Spiritual Autobiography

Author(s): Iuliu-Marius Morariu / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2020

Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska is an important contemporary mystic vocation from the Catholic space. Her diary represents a valuable piece of the genre of spiritualautobiography. For this reason, we will try in this research to bring into attention her spiritual life,activity and the way how she contributes to the enrichment of the spiritual literature witheecumenical value. Together with the ones of Teresa of Calcutta and Pope John Paul the Second,her writings represent the most important contemporary spiritual autobiographies from theCatholic space in the contemporary period. For this reason, we will try there to emphasize themand to speak about the way how, through these notes, Kowalska reveals her spiritual concerns andachievements and can offer solutions to some of the problems of contemporary faithful or createbridges between the spiritualties of different Christian traditions.

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Cunoașterea specificului cultural, o necesitate pentru succesul activității de intelligence

Author(s): Cotorceanu Ionuț Sorin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2016

This paper tries to bring in attention the need of the continuous study of social and cultural specificities for the success of intelligence activity, using the example of the Islamic world. Although Islamic world is characterized by a large variety from the political, geographical and economic point of view, from the cultural approach it is more homogenous than the occidental. All Muslims share beliefs and values that exceed very much their national and social borders. Even the non-Muslims attitudes and perceptions are mostly influenced by the Islam.The collector ability to understand traditions, behaviors, non-verbal manifestation, attitudes, ways of thought and values, in other words the Islamic socio-cultural specificity, is the key to success in human sources operations and in gathering the intelligence needed for the decision making process.

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SCIENCE AND RELIGION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS

Author(s): Adrian Ignat / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2020

The environmental crisis today becomes an issue with important impact on ourworld. Everyone understands that it is very important to protect the nature, to limitpollution, and to rise the respect for all forms of life. On the other side, the world isconfronted with the growth of population. To feed all population becomes achallenge for the rulers of states, especially on the poor countries. Degraded land,eroded soil, and decimated fisheries and forests will take many years to recover. Forthat it is important to connect all the scientists and representatives of states, and alsothe religious leaders. Through this paper I will try to underline the common point of view ofscientists and religious people on the environmental issue. This paper is not an exhaustiveone, but emphasizes the possibility of collaboration and common action for the sake of thisworld

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Współczesny dyskurs o urokach na przykładzie poradników Uzdrowicielki syberyjskiej

Author(s): Joanna Rybarczyk-Dyjewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the article is to present the most characteristic elements of the contemporary Russian discourse on spells. The empirical material used here was based on magical handbooks and spell collections by Natalia Ivanova Stiepanova, who calls herself (coming from a well-known house of folk healers) the Healer from Siberia. The paper explains the genesis of Russian people’s sensibility to all signs of esotericism and shows huge popularity of magical practices in contemporary Russia. The paper also highlights mutual relations between magic, science and religion taking place in these areas (nowadays and in the past). The analysis of the material has shown that Russians today are firmly convinced of the existence of charms (bad spells cast with glances or words) which may cause various misfortunes. It is equally popular among them to believe that with the help of appropriate – as suggested by Stiepanova – magical rituals, a bad spell can be undone (got rid of).

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The hidden theological and philosophical presuppositions motivating the modern cosmological discussion: Why both sides are wrong

Author(s): Michael Dominic Taylor / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2020

Book review: David Alcalde, Cosmology Without God?: The Problematic Theology Inherent in Modern Cosmology, Cascade, Eugene 2019, pp.226.

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God’s not dead 1 - Open Education Model of religious education in the world of mixed values

Author(s): Iwona Zamkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to explore the functionality of the Open Education Model of religious education for the “form[ation of] an internal moral compass,” as Steven Hitlin and Jane Allyn Piliavin (2004) describe the modern understanding of values. In other words, the author will attempt to explore first what the model has to offer in terms of equipping students with the necessary skills so that they will successfully navigate through the conflict of values, and second the potential application and limitations of the model. Methods. The exploration is based on a 2014 production by Pure Flix Entertainment, the first movie in the God’s not Dead series. The author will consider two educational cases presented in the movie using a close reading method.Results. The study seems to prove that that the God’s not Dead movie accurately portrays the conflict of values experienced by young adults in present-day America. It also appears to consistently promote the Open Education Model as a type of religious education that provides considerable assistance to the learners in retaining their beliefs in the world of mixed values, especially in the time of crisis. The model appears to lend sound conceptual framework missing in other models, but its full application is time and effort consuming and fails to provide more comprehensive approach to religious diversity. Conclusion. The Open Education Method of religious instruction in the environment dominated by a multicultural approach, seems to offer valuable concepts that may facilitate educational process proposed by other models and thus deserves more thorough consideration in academic research.

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Czy teologia ciała jest teologią fundamentalną? O naturze teologii ciała jako dyscypliny poznawczej

Author(s): Michał Chaberek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

This paper elaborates upon the status of the Theology of the Body (TOB) among the philosophical and theological disciplines. The TOB is a relevant part of ecclesiastical reflection due to the modern cultural context. The genesis of the TOB is deeply rooted in social, political and economic development of the Western civilization after the Enlightenment and Positivism of the 19th c. The TOB is a part of theology which is a valid and necessary part of the human knowledge. The justification for the TOB comes from its subject matter, which is the human body. The human body transcends physical reality through its actions and points towards the invisible realm of the soul and morality. The TOB needs to be recognized as one of the ontological disciplines rather than a deontological one, only. The TOB can be categorized as a part of fundamental theology within systematic theology.

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Proiectul de sine, între confuzie și sens existențial

Author(s): Ștefan Florin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

In this study I started from the assumption that every human being has an existential sense which, throughout his life, is possible to pervert or even lose him. The postmodern era has become incompatible with a noble, transcendent sense of actual man. In this state of confusion, the human person needs more than ever the orientatio, that is, a clear path towards something that does not limit it to materialism and consumerism. One of the factors that positively influence the existential meaning of man is commitment (toward oneself, toward others and toward God). The Christian life has permanently demonstrated that the sense par excellence of man is the eternal life to which it can be directed with the help of a feeling of the ephemeral (world) and immortal (soul). With the loss of the soul balance, man approaches the existential emptiness. The impatient time, the overabundant activities, the sensory over stimulation, the superficiality of the relationships, predispose him to the drama of meaninglessness. Therefore, in this study we will emphasize the current human situation and possible resolutions regarding its inner recalibration. Solutions such as contemplative life, self-discovery through meditation, self-awareness through awareness of its psycho-spiritual contents, disillusionment with the world’s offerings, communion with God through prayer, are as many chances of reunion with oneself and with the Source of life, from which the personal meaning of existence certainly emerges.

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Efectele violenței digitale asupra comportamentului uman

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Efectele violenței digitale asupra comportamentului uman

Author(s): Ioan C. Teșu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7-9/2019

Although violent video games were designed to train American soldiers, in order to desensitise them to the suffering caused, to flatten the feelings of pity and compassion for the victims, it is paradoxical that, instead of withdrawing them after reaching their goal, the producers upgraded the games, offering them to children aged 9-10. The result has been an increase in physical and verbal aggression and violence, amid a 40% decrease in empathy in the last twenty years, when technology and the Internet have been integrated into the life of contemporary man, especially of children and adolescents.Beyond some of their scientifically proven positive effects (developing reaction speed and three-dimensional thinking, breaking down tasks, promoting relaxation, emotional regulation, reducing pain, especially in painful medical treatments such as cytostatic chemotherapy, anxiety and mild forms of depression), the attitude towards these games must be one of spiritual discernment, able to avoid compulsive play and digital addiction. This implies on the part of the parents a control and a selection of the contents, and on the part of the children, a limitation of the time spent in their company and the replacement with other beneficial activities for their own physical development and spiritual maturation. The full and definitive answer is given to us by the Christian faith, in words such as those spoken by Christ the Saviour: "Learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls." (Matthew 11:29), which can be added to the "golden commandment" of love that the Lord left us, as a testament to eternity.

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Nauka i tehnologija u Islamu

Author(s): Mehmet Fuat Sezgin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 85/86/2019

Već u trećoj deceniji nakon pojave islama, država koja je počela postojati tako što je proširila svoje granice osvajanjima na sjeveru ka Centralnoj Aziji i Zapadnoj Perziji, a na jugozapadu do Egipta, do osvajanja Damaska godine 15/636, osvajanja Emese (sadašnjeg Himsa) i Halepa (godine 16/637), Antakye (17/638) i Aleksandrije (21/642) muslimani su stupili u trajni kontakt sa žiteljima ovih gradova koji su pripadali prijašnjem Rimskom i kasnijem Bizantskom carstvu. Opće je poznato da su osvajači ovih tradicionalnih centara nauke tretirali naseljenike jako dobro i da su znali kako profitirati od njihovog znanja i vještina. Bez bilo kakve politike bilo bi nepojmljivo da muslimani sa armadom, zauzmu otok Kipar već 28/649 godine nakon čega su 31/653 godine stigli do Sicilije, te naposlijetku do Rodosa.

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