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Kultura popularna po arabsku

Author(s): Kinga Jaruga / Language(s): Polish Issue: XIII/2015

Submissiveness toward the growing commercialization of life doesn’t seem to be in keeping with the orthodox world of Islam. However, social life experiences indicate that even radically anti-consumerist cultures, having undergone the processes of globalization, tend to adapt western cultural patterns. The assumption concerning the diffusion of global trends seems to be confirmed by the whole spectrum of different forms of culture based on Western models or initiated as a natural counterbalance to them. The growing role of Arab media and digital technologies as well as Muslim counterparts to western products seem to indicate a new beginning, which is a form of compromise between the strict requirements of the religion and the need to function in the modern reality. The main aim of this paper was to show the signs and products of the consumer culture which spread in the area of media, entertainment and the religion of the Middle East.

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РАЗВИТИЕ ГЕОКАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИДЕЙ ПТОЛЕМЕЯ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ИСЛАМСКОЙ ГЕОГРАФИИ

Author(s): Irina Genadijevna Konovalova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of perception and the development of scientific ideas in a particular society. This problem is considered on the example of geocartographical ideas of Ptolemy, formed in the late Hellenistic period, in the Middle Ages experienced a rebirth in the context of a completely different cultural traditions, namely in the Islamic society, and then in the early Modern period continued to develop in different historical conditions — in Europe. The article shows that in the Islamic world two directions of the perception of Ptolemaic ideas have been formed. The first one can be called a proper continuity, which provided the development of scientific ideas as such; the results achieved by the scientists of the Caliphate in this direction have become known to the world science and subsequently received further development in the works of European cartographers. At the same time the development of another direction, that adapted the Ptolemaic ideas to the needs of the educated classes of the Islamic society, can be traced; results of these activities, which facilitated the absorption of scientific tradition in terms of the Islamic culture, has not gone beyond the Islamic cultural circle.

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СУФИЙСКИЕ ТАРИКАТЫ В ТУРЕЦКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ (1923–1950 ГГ. )

Author(s): Ilshat Gabitovich Saetov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article outlines the situation around Sufi brotherhoods in the period of dissolution of the Sublime Porte and analyses in general the condition of Islam and Sufis under the secular regime in 1923–1950, i.e. in the period of the most aggressive actions of laicists during the post-Ottoman regime in Turkey.

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ПОЛИТИКО-ПРАВОВЫЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИДЕОЛОГОВ ЕГИПЕТСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ “БРАТЬЯ-МУСУЛЬМАНЕ”

Author(s): Antonina Tsaregorodtseva,Irina A. Tsaregorodtseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The Muslim Brotherhood (MB) is one of the key actors in the political process in Egypt. However, its ideological agenda is still a subject of controversy. Some experts regard it as deriving from the radical ideas of Sayyid Qutb, who was the main ideologist of the Society in the 1950s and 1960s, while the recent MB leaders claim to refuse them. This paper discusses the fundamental political concepts established by the most significant ideologists of the MB. A number of their basic works reflecting political, legal and social theories were collected and investigated. By analysing and comparing the basic political ideas reflected in these sources, we were able to discover common roots in the theories of earlier and later generations and to trace differences between their views. It is concluded that modern MB thinkers generally adhere to modern and even reformist interpretations. This conclusion provides a quite different understanding of the MB ideology, which has been primarily perceived as a radical and ultra-conservative since the 1950s.

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Гендерные границы и перспективы гендерного диалога на Северном Кавказе

Author(s): Saida Valerevna Sirazhudinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

In the modern world proclaiming the values of democracy, human rights and equality, the issue of social borders is still relevant. The article explores the question of the existence of gender boundaries in the North Caucasian society. The article is based on the results of the sociological research in the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study show the effect of gender barriers increased by the specificity of the region, traditions and Islam.

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Service Based Contracts Used in Islamic Finance: A Comparison of Hawalah, Wakalah, and Kafalah

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza,Maryam Sofia Mohd Suhaimi,Maryam Syamilah Md Fauzi,Nadiana Noryatim,Norashikin Mohd Noh,Nursyamimi Shuhaimin,Siti Maspuah Maulan,Zati Fatini Johan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

https://doi.org/10.18646/2056.34.16-013This paper aims to examine the use of service based contracts in Islamic Finance, namely Wakalah, Hawalah and Kafalah. These contracts, though considered secondary to primary contracts such as Musharakah and Mudarabah, are a crucial part of the foundation of Islamic Finance. The differences in each contract will be explained as well as issues on regulations, practices and procedures. Despite the fact that these concepts are widely adopted in Islamic financial products and services, little work has been done in examining the differences and applications in financial institutions. In this paper, the basic principles and rules of service based contracts will be discussed with special reference to their application in modern banking system.

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Implication of Ḥawālah in Islamic Finance Practice

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

This article aims at examining the concept of ḥawālah and its contemporary applications in banking sector. For this purpose, the authors examine the conceptual and literal meaning of ḥawālah and scrutinise its applications in two Malaysian banks. While Bank A is a dual bank which offers both conventional and Islamic banking, Bank B is a full-fledged Islamic bank. Results indicated that there is a general lack of awareness about the concept of ḥawālah used by both banks. Although there is strong awareness of Islamic Shariah’s strong prohibition on taking interest, the staff members are uninformed about the underlying concepts of ḥawālah. In addition, the authors found that the ḥawālah-based services offered by both banks were not significantly different from conventional banks’ products and services. It is recommended that further research can be conducted to find out the reluctance among the Islamic banks to name remittance system by using the term ḥawālah.

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Contemporary Practices of Musharakah in Financial Transactions

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza,Fikry Musthafa,Andi Lukman Hakim,Asas Worasutr,Mohamad Firdaus,Muhammad Farhan,Mudeer Ahmed Khattak,Takao Moriguchi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Musharakah, which is translated as “joint venture or partnership” or “profit and loss sharing contract” is regarded as an ideal financing contract in Islamic finance. Musharakah has been applied to Islamic banking and Islamic capital market across the world and it is also proposed as one of alternative model in takaful business. Musharakah contract is also combined with other contracts and interesting products such as Musharakah Mutanaqisa has been developed. However, there are considerations concerning the principles of Shariah. This paper aims to discuss these matters and offer recommendations in order for Musharakah to be more widely accepted and adopted by the Muslim communities across the world. It is anticipated further research can be conducted to find out the implication of applying AAOIFI resolution on Musharakah or equity based products to find out the effect of it on different jurisdictions with different domestic laws and rules.

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ИСЛАМОФОБИЯ В ПОЛЬШЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ НОВЕЙШИХ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ)

Author(s): Konrad Pędziwiatr / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article highlights the main aspects of Islamophobia in Poland – a country where Muslim communities constitute less than 0.1% of the population. It analyses the reasons behind higher levels of anti-Muslim sentiments in Polish society in comparison with other European countries and assesses the sources which form a simplified and distorted image of Islam and Muslims in Europe in general and Poland in particular. The paper also points out some of the key strategies employed by Polish Muslims to overcome negative attitudes towards Islam and its adherents.

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Transnationalism, social capital and gender – young Pakistani Muslim women in Bradford, UK

Author(s): Gurchathen S. Sanghera,Suruchi Thapar-Björkert / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article considers the relationship between transnationalism and social capital amongst young Pakistani Muslim women in Bradford, West Yorkshire. The central aim of the article is to explore how second generation Pakistani Muslim women accrue faith based social capital to negotiate and resist transnational gendered expectations, norms and practices. In particular, they use faith-based social capital that is transnationally informed: to challenge the patriarchal expectations and norms of their families; to gain access to higher/further education and thereby improve their life opportunities; and to resist growing anti-Muslim sentiment. This paper draws on qualitative research (in-depth interviews) conducted in Bradford.

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RUH SAĞLIĞI BAĞLAMINDA NAMAZ VE BENLİK SAYGISI İLİŞKİSİ

Author(s): Nurten Kimter / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2015

Prayer is one of the fundamental worships in the religion of Islam and it has many physical as well as spiritual benefits. In this regard, The study was carried out on 410 people between the ages of 15 and 66 or above during which the relationship between prayer and self-esteem was examined with regard to Religion Psychology via psychosocial methods. The study was carried out via survey and random sampling methods in which “Personal Data Form” and “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale” were used as data acquisition tools. Whereas SPSS 18.0 package software and SPPS Amos program were used for the analysis of the study data while frequency tables, factor analysis, person correlation, one-way variance analysis and Turkey HSD were also used to put forth the relationships between the variables. As a result of the study, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the frequency of obligatory (fard) and optional (nafl) prayers and self-esteem score averages of the study group.

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NİĞDE HALK MÜZİĞİ KÜLTÜRÜNDE ALİ ERCAN VE MÜZİĞE KATKILARI

Author(s): Serenat Istanbullu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 21/2014

In this study, Ali Ercan, a living representative of Traditional Turkish folk music the composer of which is known ,has been analyzed in terms of his life, works , effects on the music and cultural heritage which is not tangible in Nigde, his contributions to folk music repertoire,his tendency to religious music, his hymns,his films based on religion and his perception of music which has changed lately. The changes in lyrics and form in Ali Ercan’s music, his heading towards sufism from traditional and ‘Asık’ style, his contributions to music and THM (Turkish folk music) culture through his works in both fields have been emphasized.This study in which the representatives of Nigde folk music who haven’t been subject to scientific publications much is also important in that it serves to make Ali Ercan, one of Nigde’s poets, and other local poets who were once his student known.

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AZƏRBAYCANIN ORTA ƏSRLƏR SİYASİ HÜQUQİ FİKRİNDƏ QANUN VƏ QANUNÇULUĞA DAİR İDEYALARA İSLAMIN TƏSİRİ

Author(s): Aqşin Quliyev / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 12/2011

Fight against religious fanatism has appeared belonging to yourself in definite forms. These has been phrase of the ignorance forms by patriot and humanist thinkers in the scientific photo from opposition of people showing resistance to religious organizations from development without return of the worldly sciences and culture, -Azerbaijan sharp critical.

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BİLİM-DİN ÇATIŞMASI TEZİNİN DOĞUŞU VE BİR İSLÂM SAVUNMASI: AHMET MİDHAT EFENDİ VE “NİZÂ-I İLM Ü DÎN” ADLI ESERİ

Author(s): Mustafa Yildirim / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

In the nineteenth century, in the face of weakening religious institutions, materialist and positivist thoughts had risen in Europe. Starting in the second half of the century, these ideas affected the Ottoman intellectuals of the Tanzimat period. In a time which saw a process of disintegration, refutations were written against those who claimed that Islam was the reason for the recession of Muslim countries. The last quarter of the century was dominated by Ahmet Midhat’s struggle of idea against missions and materialism. He translated John William Draper’s 1874 attack on the Catholic Church, History Of The Conflict Between Religion and Science into Ottoman Turkish. In his critical edition, He criticized some of Draper’s mistakes concerning Islamic thought and the Prophet of Islam. His primary objective in this work was to protect the youth of the Ottoman Empire from materialism.

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Islamic Banking in the European Union Countries

Author(s): Iwona Sobol / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

In the 1970s Islamic financial system based on religious belief emerged in some of Muslim countries. The purpose of the Islamic financial system is just like in the case of the conventional one, to facilitate the smooth flow of funds between savers and investors. The aim of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and challenges for development of Islamic banking in the European Union countries.

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SEYYIT AHMET ARVASI

Author(s): Gökhan Gökçek / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 5/2010

Bir hareketin büyük mütefekkirlerinden Yüksek Türk yetisine, kurtuluşun tek yolu İslâm ahlâk ve fâziletini yerleştiren bir münevver. Kendi deyimiyle "İslâm imân ve ahlâkına göre yaşamayı en büyük saadet bilen, büyük Türk milletini iki cihanda aziz ve mesut görmek isteyen ve böylece İslâm'ı gaye edinen Türk milliyetçiliği şuuruna sahip" birisi. Seyyit Ahmet Arvasi... Türkiye'nin en yüksek noktası ünvanına sahip Ağrı Dağı'nın adını aldığı il olan Ağrı şehrinin, Doğubeyazıt ilçesinde; 15 Şubat 1932'de dünyaya gelir. Köyü, soy isimlerine ithafen “Arvas” adını taşır. Babası Anadolu'da ki büyük âlimlerden ve peygamber soyundan gelen Seyyit Abdulhâkim Arvasi'dir. -Abdulhâkim Arvasi, Üstat Necip Fazıl'ın İslâmlaşmasına ve fikriyatının oluşmasına vesile olarak bilinir.- Altı çocuklu bir ailenin ferdi olan Ahmet Arvasi, ilk ve ortaöğretimini Van-Doğubeyazıt- Erzurum arasında tamamlar. Liseye Erzurum Erkek Okulu'nda adım atar. Erciş Öğretmen Okulu'ndan mezun olur. 1952 yılında Konya'nın Doğanbeyli nahiyesinde öğretmenlik hayatına başlar.

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Mahala Lipa u Gračanici (historijsko-etnografske bilješke)

Author(s): Rusmir Djedović,Edin Šaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 42/2016

In this article, the authors studied Lipa mahala (mahalle, neighborhood), one of the traditional urban complexes in the town of Gracanica. Lipa is spread in the southwestern part of Gracanica, on mild slopes. It is assumed that arose quite early, even in the 17th century, although its present name dates back to the 19th century, from the old linden tree that was a cult site. Older name was Hadži Džafer mahala, from the eponymous mosque. The paper presents data on homes and families from the late 19th century, and their origin, and also the most significant urban amenities, antiquities and monuments: the Hadži Džafer mosque, the site of Tećište – locality of the former Tekke, the cult place Mula Dedo’s grave etc.

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The Implication of Musharakah Mutanaqisah in Malaysian Islamic Banking Arena

Author(s): Khairul Hafidzi Mohd Subky,Jing Yuan Liu,Muhammad Muzzammil Abdullah,Zhafri Farhan Mokhtar,Ainaz Faizrakhman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This paper observes the implication of Musharakah Mutanaqisah (MM) in the current Malaysian Islamic banking arena. Musharakah Mutanaqisah was previously suggested as a better alternative for Islamic home financing to replace the controversial Bay` Bithaman Ajil (BBA). However, till date, almost half of the Malaysian Islamic banks that offer Musharakah Mutanaqisah financing have stopped providing it. Many studies have been done on the theory, Shariah issues, features and usage of Musharakah Mutanaqisah instruments, but there are limited studies conducted on the implementation of Musharakah Mutanaqisah from the viewpoint of the Islamic banks and customers. The objective of this paper is to discuss the implication of Musharakah Mutanaqisah implemented by the Islamic banks in Malaysia, focusing on the context of legal documentations from the perspective of academicians, banks, and customers. The result shows that due to the documentation issues, Islamic banks face higher risks, and there is an increase in the documentation costs for the customers while implementing Musharakah Mutanaqisah. The finding also shed some lights on the Islamic finance industry in Malaysia.

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Application of Three Lines of Defence in Islamic Financial Institution in Malaysia

Author(s): Andi Lukman Hakim / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The underlying principle and concept of Islamic Financial Institution (IFI) is Shariah. Shariah itself consists of aqidah (faith and belief), akhlaq (moral and ethics) and fiqh (law). These three components are the foundation of all IFI’s activities, including risk management activities. One of the concepts used in risk management is three lines of defense. The three lines of defense’s concept provide a clarity regarding roles and responsibilities of various risk functions within an organization. IFI should adopt the concept of three lines of defense as part of their Enterprise Risk Management framework to strengthen the effectiveness of their risk management function. The author proposes three lines of defense model for an IFI in this paper. The foundation of the proposed model is Shariah while its pillars are knowledge and Islamic culture.

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Administration of Zakat on Wealth in Maldives

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

For Muslims zakat is obligatory and different jurisdictions in the world have different mechanisms to administer it. Maldives is a hundred percent Muslim country and zakat administration in the country is unique. As such the objective of the paper is to discuss the zakat administration in Maldives with special reference to zakat al mal and to discuss the challenges facing the existing way of zakat administration. The paper also includes ways to overcome the challenges. No literature on this area in Maldives could be found and as such reference to primary materials such as unpublished statistics, reports, brochures have been made. It is hoped that this paper will encourage further research on this area in Maldives.

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