"One" and "Many" in Islam - The Path (Sirat) and the Ways (Subul) in the Qur'an

Author(s): Habibollah Babaei / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The Qur'an considers both one path (sirat) and many ways (subul) simultaneously as a direction to righteousness and religiosity. The same kind of one and many has been revealed about wickedness and unrighteousness as well. Now, the question arises here, what is the relationship between plurality and unity in both righteousness and unrighteousness? I think considering these questions will offer a new perspective in regard to 'unity and plurality' which is an important issue in a pluralistic world such as ours. In order to respond to these questions, it would be significant to illuminate the relationship between many divine ways and the one divine path on the one hand, and to clarify the distinction between divine ways and devil ways on the other.

100 godina Franjevačke teologije u Sarajevu 1909.-2009.

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian / Publication Year: 2012

Franjevačka teologija je u povodu stotinu godina svoga postojanja i djelovanja u Sarajevu (1909-2009) organizirala znanstveni skup i proslavu pod naslovom 100 godina Franjevačke teologije u Sarajevu: 1909.-2009. Znanstveni skup je održan 6. i 7. studenog 2009. u amfiteatru Franjevačke teologije, a 8. studenog – na dan blaženog Ivana Duns Škota, zaštitnika naše Teologije – održana je proslava tako što je svećeničkom euharistijskom slavlju predsjedao provincijal Bosne Srebrene fra Lovro Gavran. Za vrijeme euharistijskog slavlja izvedena je Missa Bosniensis Andrije Pavliča: Bosanska misa posvećena sv. Franji Asiškom, svim nesretnima, ispaćenima i izgubljenima ovoga svijeta, te bosanskim franjevcima i zboru Pontanima, koji je izveo misu. Zbor Pontanima je osnovao profesor naše Teologije fra Ivo Marković. Dirigirao je skladatelj Bosanske mise Andrija Pavlič (inače je dirigent zbora Pontanima Josip Katavić). Sudjelovali su Amila Bakšić, sopran; Zana Staniškovska, alt; Jasmin Bašić, tenor; Ivica Šarić, bas; i Dario Vučić, orgulje. Pokrovitelj Znanstvenog skupa i proslave je bio Željko Komšić, predsjedavajući Predsjedništva BiH. Koji je smisao Franjevačke teologije i uopće koji je smisao franjevačke škole mišljenja od srednjeg vijeka pa do danas? Evo kratkog odgovora. Franjevci, koji su bili nadareni za filozofsko i teološko mišljenje, nastojali su veličanstvenu viziju Franje Asiškog filozofski i teološko razraditi. Vizija Franje Asiškog, koja se temelji na Isusovu evanđelju, naglašava bratstvo i sestrinstvo svih ljudi, ne samo svih ljudi, nego i svih bića, to jest svih Božjih stvorenja u svemiru. Sva bića u svemiru su braća i sestre po stvorenosti. Jednakost među bićima uključuje i razliku među bićima, jer je svako biće originalno. I samo različita bića mogu biti u jedinstvu. Tom vizijom i njezinim prakticiranjem u svom životu Franjo Asiški je ponudio alternativu svijetu mržnje i nasilja, u kojem i danas živimo. To je on rekao svojom poznatom rečenicom koja glasi: “Exivi de saeculo” - “Izašao sam iz svijeta nasilja.” Izašao je iz svijeta nasilja i počeo osnivati svijet mira. Zadaća svih odgovornih bića jest izlazak iz svijeta nasilja i uspostavljanje svijeta mira, slobode i ljubavi. Zamislimo svijet bez nasilja i zamislimo svijet u kojem nasilje više neće biti moguće. Koliko su veliki franjevački mislioci tu viziju uspješno razradili i koliko su franjevci Bosne Srebrene, koji su živjeli i djelovali na Franjevačkoj teologiji, to mišlju i djelom svjedočili, to jest otjelotvorili, neka prosude drugi. U radovima sa znanstvenog skupa, koji se ovdje objavljuju, autori su obrađivali važne teme iz različitih perspektiva, pri čemu se moglo uvidjeti da je do Istine moguće doći samo dijalogom različitih perspektiva. Dijalogom uviđamo da je Istina jedna i da nas Istina sve nadilazi i povezuje u jednu zajednicu, ne samo nas, nego i cijelo čovječanstvo. Karl Jaspers je rekao: Istina je ono što nas povezuje (Wahrheit ist, was uns verbindet).

13. Tefsir Akademisyenleri Koordinasyon Toplantısı ve Akademik Tefsir Çalışmaları Sempozyumu (27-28 Mayıs 2016 Ankara)

Author(s): Ismail Çaliskan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

The evaluation of Meeting of Tafsir Academics which held on 27-28 May 2016 in Ankara and Symposium of The Studies of Academic Tafsir/Ecegesis.

13. Yüzyıl Türk Halk Şİİrİnde Ahlâkİ Anlayış

Author(s): Mehmet Yardimci,Ahmet Zeki Güven / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 64/2010

With Malazgirt Victory in 1071 Turks migration began to Anatolia and Islam had found a new expansion field in the hands of Turks and spreading of Islam in Anatolia had accelerated in the period of Principalities and especially Seljuks, Anatolian Seljuks. But in the 13.centuries Mongolian influence which occurred in Central Asia and then affected to Anatolia, led to people different searches. Mongolians had vandalized where they gone through, therefore; a completely crisis period had began to in Anatolia. Especially in this period most of dervishes who got of Yesevi doctrines had immigrated to Anatolia and began to tell Islam with different ways to the people. This saints who came from Central Asia, dwelled upon to doctrines and emphasized that Islam is not a fear religion it is a love religion,and to fall for love to God rather than fear of God. In this way; this Yesevi dervishes who came from Central Asia, helped to people who fallen into crisis process and easily overcome from this process, also they exposed excellent and experienced human type with the help of advice which they gave to people in their works. In this study, in the century of 13 Religious-Sufism Folk Poetry ethical components were exposed and three great poets were examined who lived in the century of 13, such as Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, Yunus Emre, Said Emre and also, common components which related with the ethical understandings were classified and commented on finding discoveries.

A Right to Be Free from Religious Hatred?

The Wilders Case in the Netherlands and Beyond

Author(s): Jeroen Temperman / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

A Tale of Two Ahmadiyya Mosques: Religion, Ethnic Politics, and Urban Planning in London

Author(s): Marzia Balzani / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

Built on the site of a disused dairy in London, the Ahmadiyya Baitul Futuh Mosque is simultaneously a regenerated postindustrial site, a signal achievement for the community that built it, an affront to local Sunni Muslims, a focus for Islamophobic protest, and a boost to local regeneration plans and tourism. Using town planning documents, media articles, and ethnographic fieldwork, this article considers the conflicting discourses available to locals, Muslim and non-Muslim, centered on the new Baitul Futuh Mosque and an older, smaller, suburban Ahmadiyya mosque located nearby. These discourses are situated in the broader transnational context of sectarian violence and creation of community where ethnicity, faith, and immigration status mark those who attend the mosques. The article considers the different historical periods in which the two mosques were built, the class composition of residents in the neighborhoods of the mosques, and the consequences these have for how the mosques are incorporated into the locality. The strategies diverse local groups use to define the space in different and conflicting terms, and their cross-cutting claims, are discussed to present a range of religious, political, and ethnic positions shaping ideals of self-realization and aspirations for the future at individual and community levels.

A violence against women in Afghanistan after Taliban occupation – outline of the issue

Author(s): Katarzyna Sadowa / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This publication deals with the current legal and social situation of women in Afghanistan. The author analyzes the process of formation of the legal position of Afghan women from the moment of the country’s liberation from under the Taliban occupation in 2001. She concentrates on indicating relevant legal regulations and guarantees, as well as – primarily – analyzes the degree of respecting them. Consequently, she discusses selected forms of violence against women which is persistently present on the territory of Afghanistan. The author elaborates on specific cultural phenomena and acts against fundamental women’s rights, such as baad, baadal, the so-called “honor” killings, and punishing women for running away. These points lead to the conclusion that the enacted laws are merely an empty shell and women’s situation is far from stable.

Administration of Zakat on Wealth in Maldives

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

For Muslims zakat is obligatory and different jurisdictions in the world have different mechanisms to administer it. Maldives is a hundred percent Muslim country and zakat administration in the country is unique. As such the objective of the paper is to discuss the zakat administration in Maldives with special reference to zakat al mal and to discuss the challenges facing the existing way of zakat administration. The paper also includes ways to overcome the challenges. No literature on this area in Maldives could be found and as such reference to primary materials such as unpublished statistics, reports, brochures have been made. It is hoped that this paper will encourage further research on this area in Maldives.

AKAIDSKA MISAO HASANA KAFIJE PRUŠČAKA U DJELU “CVJETOVI BAŠČI U KOMENTARU DŽENNETSKIH BAŠČI”

Author(s): Zuhdija Adilovic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 64/2015

Hasan Kafi Pruščak is one of the most renowned Islamic scholars in Balkans. In the field of Aqaid he wrote a number of outstanding works of which “Gardens of Paradise on Principles of Creed” (Rewdatul-džennat fi usūl al-i‘tiqādāt) is one of the most significant wherein he summed up most relevant works on Aqaid studied in Islamic schools of our area in that time. This book was translated and published in our language. As the book received much attention, upon requests of some distinguished people, he wrote commentary on this work and titled it Flowers of the Gardens in interpretation of The Gardens of Paradise (Ezharur-rewdat fi šerhi Rewdatul-džennat. Regrettably, this book is not well known to our readers due to the fact that it remained unpublished for a very long time, then it was edited and published in Arabic language. In this article the author presents this work of Hasan Kafi, his motives for writing it, Kafi’s attitude towards ‘Ilm el-Kalam, methodology and sources he used and some of the issues in the field of Aqaid treated by Kafi in his works.

Akdag, Ozcan. "Divine Freedom in al-Ghazâlî and Thomas Aquinas". Phd. dissertation, Erciyes University Institute of Social Sciences, Kayseri 2015

Author(s): Özcan Akdag / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether God can be free in His actions according to al-Ghazâlî and Thomas Aquinas, whether their assessment on divine actions has legitimacy and internal consistency. For this purpose, in the Introduction, it was given some general explanations on the problem and some works were done about this matter are taken into consideration and evaluated. In the first part of the dissertation, I tried to analyze the concept of ‘freedom’ and its relation to determinism. I also tried to give some explanations in terms of ontological and semantical aspects of the divine freedom. After these explanations, I pictured historical panorama of the problem of divine freedom and how to be understood divine actions in the historical period. In the second part of the dissertation, I tried to demonstrate how interaction took place between al-Ghazâlî and Thomas Aquinas. After this step, I took into consideration the concept of God in al-Ghazâlî and Thomas Aquinas, and I tried to give their resemblances and differences about this matter. In the third part of the dissertation, I considered their ideas about God-World relationship. In this context, I took in to consideration the issue of indicators of God’s freedom, like creation, miracles, relation between moral truths and God’s commands.

Aktuelle Verbreitung Sowie Rechtliche und Politisch-Soziale Situationen, Bedingungen und Probleme der Aleviten, Bektaschi und Anderer Heterodox Beeinflusster Sufi-Orden in Südosteuropa

Author(s): Christoph Giesel / Language(s): German / Issue: 15/2017

The Islamic mystic and heterodox groups of the Alevites and Bektashi in Southeast Europe, which are partially characterised by Shiite elements, are idiosyncratic and divergent phenomena that have so far attracted little academic or public attention. They exist in the strongly Sunni environment that characterises Islam in the Balkans and have exerted a partial religious influence on some of the originally Sufi orders that can be found in the region. After the end of Ottoman rule, the Alevites and Bektashi experienced a particularly serious loss of significance and numeric decline. Since the 1990s, modest religious revival processes occurred amongst these groups. These, however, coincided and interacted with dynamic and ambivalent processes of further religious, cultural and socio-political marginalisation and assimilation (and entailed a corresponding loss of knowledge and significance). This paper sketches the contemporary condition of the remaining Alevites and Bektashi in the Southeast European states whilst occasionally mentioning other Sufi orders which are closely related to these groups. It describes and analyses the extraordinarily diverse and complicated legal, political and social situations, conditions and problems which they face in this region.

AKYİĞİTZADE MUSA VE ONUN AVRUPA MEDENİYETİ’NİN ESASINA BİR NAZAR İSİMLİ ESERİ

Author(s): Mehmet Tas / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 26/2015

19th-century was not only a period in which Ottoman Empire lived political, economical and military problems but also in this century, new ideas began to find place in the life of the state. Constitutionalism, the rule of law, provincial and municipal councils, equal citizenship, minority rights is among the ideas that find a place in this period in empire’s administration. Additionally Ottomanism, Islamism and Turkism ideas in society and public life have been discussed so much; each of these ideas has gathered its own supporters. In fact, collapse of Ottoman Empire which approaches very openly, brought together the sensitive intellectuals to mobilize their intellectual capacities. Historically, from those ideas which have been became fundemental references in the public administration, ottomanism was the first political choice, Islamism was second and Turkism eventually followed them. These ideologies cannot be distinguishable with exact lines, in some time both of them may be applied as political choice or as in the case of Turkism and Pan-Islamism they might be intertwined.

Alevis in Turkey

Author(s): Esin Caliskan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

This review analyses the recent contributions of Elise Massicard and Markus Dressler to Alevi studies. While Massicard employs methods of political sociology and transnational identity politics, Dressler is concerned with the intrinsic relation between the religious and the secular as well as the place of religion in nation-state building projects. Massicard argues that formulating Alevism is context and actor dependent and shaped simultane-ously in its interaction with diverse actors, which she calls “identity movement without an identity”. The emphasis on the audience in defining Alevism might stem from the inadequacy of the universal language of religion to accommodate Alevi expression. Similarly, Dressler argues that the modern Alevi tradition was constructed at the “intersection of Turkish nation building, modern religion discourse and Islamic apologetics” and criticises the modernist discourse on religion such as the heterodoxy/orthodoxy binary for its insufficiency to capture the complexities of different contexts

AL-GAZALIJEVA FILOZOFIJA MORALA

Author(s): Edin Dedic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 2/2015

The author of the article at hand deals with the issue of the philosophy of moral and its importance within the philosophical and theological thought of Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali. Al-Ghazali (1058-1111) is one of the most important classics of Muslim intellectual tradition, leaving behind a rich literary work. The author reveals that ethics has a decisive role in Al-Ghazali, whose thought is seen as a kind of synthesis of philosophical and theological, but in the latter period the mystical oriented thinking as well. The interpretation of problems by al-Ghazali have will have a huge impact on the development of later philosophical and theological thought in Islam.

Al-Kindijeva analitička teologija kao početak islamske filozofije

Author(s): Vladimir Lasica / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 08/2015

In this paper I present main topics in Ebu Yūsuf Ya‘qūb ibn Ishaq al-Kindī’s philosophy. I try to analyze how Kindī understands philosophy and its most important discipline – metaphysics, as well as philosophical method and the main goals of philosophy. I also try to show how his understanding result with what I call in this paper “al-Kindī’s analytic theology”. The essence of Kindī’s analytic theology lies in his attempt to provide an apodictic proof for God’s existence in the real philosophical sense. This proof, according to Kindī, begins with self-evident principles, and analytically, like demonstration in mathematics, develops towards the concept of God. In this way al-Kindī analyzes phenomenon of body as such, phenomenon of world as totality of body, time, as well as terms eternal, perfect and one. This Kindī’s attempt represents the beginning of medieval Islamic tradition.

ALLAH’I ZİKRETMENİN FAYDA VE ETKİLERİ

Author(s): Mecid Baverdi / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2009

This article deals with the benefit and influences of remembering ALLAH(GOD) in the light of ayets and religious stories (hadis). Remembering ALLAH(GOD) endows (presents) spiritual life to human. But the abandonment of remembering removes the human from ALLAH (GOD) and makes a friend with Satan.

AL-MUDDESSIR – POKRIVENI

Author(s): Ferid Dautovic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 63/2015

In this review the author presents a text analysis of the first seven ayats of the Qur’anic Surah Muddeththir, pertaining to the early Meccan period of the Revelation. The basic terminology and messages of the Revelation contained within the integral text of the Surah are given in the introduction. The main focus of the article is significance of message contained within the first seven ayats of the Sura, thus it offers an extensive interpretation following the model of classical methodology in tafsir: presenting the causes of revelation, reactions of the receptors of the Revelation and the environment of the historical moment, then it present the interpretation of the meaning of the ayats respectively, using the relevant traditional as well as contemporary sources pertaining to the field of study.

ALUZIVNO ZNAČENJE ZAKONODAVNOG TEKSTA (IŠĀRETU-N-NAṢṢ) U HANEFIJSKOJ PRAVNOJ ŠKOLI

Author(s): Šukrija Ramic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 14/2016

This paper examines the Hanafi scholars’ approach to the alluded meaning (isharat al-nass) of a legislative text, and the implications of such an approach for the legal norms the Hanafis derived through ijtihad. The first part of the paper discusses the issue of possible textual indications (al-dalalat) within a legislative text, and then the concept of allusion in the Hanafi School from the linguistic and terminological point of view. Providing the examples of alluded meaning we show the way in which the Hanafis used alluded meanings in their argumentation. We also elaborate on the status of isharat al-nass in the Hanafi Madhab, and the way of giving preference in case of contradiction between isharat al-nass and ibarat al-nass. At the end of the paper we provide the conclusions derived from the study.

№168. Al Qaeda in the West as a Youth Movement:

The Power of a Narrative

Author(s): Olivier Roy / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2008

Why do we bother, in Europe, about ‘Islamic radicalisation’? The answer seems obvious. There are at least two good reasons: one is terrorism, with its security implications; the other is the issue of integrating second-generation migrants in Europe, apparently the most fertile ground for recruiting terrorists. For most observers, the link between terrorism and integration is a given fact. Al Qaeda-type terrorist activities carried out either in Europe, or by European residents and citizens abroad, are seen as the extreme form, and hence as a logical consequence, of Islam related radicalisation. There is a teleological approach consisting of looking in retrospect at every form of radicalisation and violence associated with the Muslim population in Europe as a harbinger of terrorism.