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Alchimia dall’inferno al paradiso nella Divina Commedia. L’influsso su Dante dell’opera alchemica Aurora consurgens, parzialmente attribuita a San Tommaso d’Aquino

Author(s): Marino Alberto Balducci / Language(s): Italian Issue: 34/2024

The symbolic vision of a terrible epidemic, affecting the deep infernal zones, appears in the Divine Comedy associated with the wrong, fraudulent, and arrogant use of alchemical science (Inf. XXIX–XXX). We are in the presence of a true ideological and technical-scientific perversion: a false alchemy which, instead of offering help to our world, only produces deception and diseases of the body and spirit. Then, through the purgatorial evolution of conscience based on humility (Purg. IX), the human soul begins a process of gradual purification, which corresponds to a correct and harmonious alchemy. This is gradually perfected, and then touches completeness, producing the authentic gold of Truth in paradise through the evocation of the Ganges, of India and the emblem of the marriage of Saint Francis with his wife, the dark woman (Par. XI). Dante presents this last evocation through the character of St. Thomas, as a spirit in heaven, and precisely imitates a crucial section of the alchemical work Aurora consurgens, which is partially attributable to the same Aquinas. From Dante’s point of view, illness, and death, as emblems of nigredo (the foundation of the alchemical operation), are not purely malignant realities: in fact, they can also determine powerful and wonderful evolutionary processes towards the extreme joy of our encounter with God.

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Od Osoby Ojca w misterium Trójjedynego Boga do człowieka jako osoby. Ontologia komunijna Joannisa Zizioulasa

Author(s): Mariusz Jagielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2024

How essential is the connection between the Trinitarian dogma and theological anthropology? John Zizioulas shows the connection in his communal ontology, beginning with the Person of the Father in the mystery of the Trinity as a foundation for describing being. This way, he can present man as an imago Dei, or, actually, as an imago Trinitatis. Describing man as a person in God’s image entails, therefore, showing him both as hypostasis and as ekstasis. Experiencing in his death the drama of individualization and the risk of nothingness as the fruit of his fall, man can find in Christ his communal fulfilment as a person.

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Prawo pacjenta do opieki duszpasterskiej

Author(s): Aleksandra Klich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2024

The publication focuses on the right of patients to pastoral care during hospitalization. Based on current legislation, patients have the right to receive pastoral care in accordance with their religious or spiritual beliefs. In the context of health care, these rights include access to chaplains or clergy, the ability to practice religious observances, and the provision of emotional support in accordance with one’s beliefs. It is crucial to guarantee patients’ autonomy in choosing pastoral care, regardless of their religion. The purpose is to highlight the need to professionalize pastoral care services, as well as the organizational problems associated with imposing an obligation on the treatment entity to ensure the realization of the patient’s right to pastoral care.

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Poszanowanie wolności religijnej w prawodawstwie kościelnym

Author(s): Dariusz Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2024

The 900th anniversary of the baptism of Pomerania and preserved accounts of the mission of St. Otto of Bamberg lead to the conclusion that the adoption of Christianity by the pagans was primarily the result of seduction by the truth of the Gospel, but the influence of secular power, which secured the mission of the missionary bishop, was also significant. Consequently, the question arises whether the church legislator allows the use of methods in the work of evangelization that contain elements of coercion or even pressure that increase the effectiveness of preaching the Word of God. The answer to this question varied depending on the period in the history of the Church and human societies. It is true that the church authorities tried to remember the style of Christ, who only invites people to friendship with himself, but, often resembling the state authorities, for which the use of coercion is a way of exercising power, sometimes the church legislator introduced regulations allowing for people to be forced to accept the faith. However, from today’s point of view, such legislation cannot be clearly assessed negatively. It was, in a way, a reflection of the way of thinking of the secular rulers of that time, for whom the use of forms of coercion was a common way of imposing their will. The 20th century concept of human rights, however, allowed us to rediscover the beauty of the Gospel, which imposes itself only by the force of truth itself. This idea found its place first in the teaching of the fathers of the Second Vatican Council, and then in the Code of Canon Law, where in can. 748 § 2, the legislator regulates that “Never and no one may force any person to accept the Catholic faith against his or her own conscience.” Consequently, it also requires respect for religious freedom when administering sacraments and obliges bishops and missionaries to refrain from all forms of coercion when preaching the Gospel. It should therefore be noted that current church legislation emphasizes human freedom in accepting faith more than in previous centuries.

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Odkrywanie misji Kościoła w dziełach Thomasa Mertona

Author(s): Wojciech Oleśków / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2024

According to Merton, the mission of the Church is to spread the Gospel. Christians discover this mission dynamism through their bond with God. They perceive life’s novelty, which manifests itself in transforming the Christians and people under their charge. What God endows them with is the wisdom to understand His word and to pass it further. Spreading the Gospel happens along with encountering other people and staying close to them. The mission means being open to others, willingness to understand their problems and sources of joy. Christians perceive it as answering Jesus’ call. They are devoted to spread the Gospel. They recognize how and in what way to convey it. The mission is based on God. One can see unity between preaching and contemplating. Prayer is the source of preaching and any commitment. In silence Christians discover God, Who is love. They learn to convey it to others. They strive to share love with others that are in need, poverty and difficulty. An example of the mission discovered by Merton is the apostolate of friendship, which becomes supportive for writers and poets fighting for freedom and truth. The correspondence between Merton and Miłosz shows how one can spread the Gospel, at the same time caring about understanding and getting to know another person.

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L’umana immanità: fonti e fortuna del fero Argante

Author(s): Gianni Antonio Palumbo / Language(s): Italian Issue: 34/2024

Palumbo’s essay aims to investigate the sources of Argante, Circassian warrior who is the principal defender of Jerusalem in Tasso’s poem. The imitative process can be considered as a significant example of literary mellification. The Furies, the Giants (especially Nimrod), Achilles, Turnus, Mezentius, Numan, Capaneus, Pharsalia’s Pompeius relives in this champion of immanity, who shows contempt for God and presents some of the features of Pluto/Satan. Palumbo analyzes this character and his relationships with Clorinda and Tancredi with particular attention on Tasso’s choices of words and metaphoric imagery. The last section quickly considers Argante’s story and fortune, with brief reference to his presence in melodrama (Händel’s Rinaldo) and to his possible influence on Leopardi’s patterns.

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The Funerary Character and Symbolism of the First Christian Images

Author(s): Sabina-Maria Azoiței / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The first two centuries of our era constitute a period devoid of sacred images, and this aniconic phase of Christianity was not only determined by the observance of the Old Testament prohibition. The lack of interest of Jesus and the apostles towards the idea of preaching through images, the absence of information about the appearance of Christ, but also the precarious economic situation of the Christian community before the legalization of Christianity, are important factors that must be taken into account when discussing this absence of cultic representations characteristic of the first two Christian centuries. However, despite the initial aniconism, the development of the new cult in the Greco-Roman world, where images of divinities were omnipresent, led to the emergence of a Christian art. The first spaces dedicated to visual representations of the sacred are the catacombs. On the walls of the underground cemeteries, the adherents of the new religion depicted various symbols taken from the funerary repertoire of pagan imagery, which they adapted to acquire Christian significance, the cross, the fish, the vine and the lamb, included.

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DE LA PRINCIPIUL „LAICITĂȚII”, LA CEL AL „NEUTRALITĂȚII CONFESIONALE A STATULUI”. REFLECȚII ȘI PRECIZĂRI DE DOCTRINĂ JURIDICĂ

Author(s): Nicolae V. Dură / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

In the pages of this study, we have provided some explanations and clarifications of legal doctrine on the “secularity” and confessional “neutrality” of a State based on some texts of the main international and national instruments (constitutions, laws of Religious Denominations, Statutes, etc.). By examining and evaluating the documentary evidence provided by these texts and specialized doctrine, we have been able to ascertain that the secularity and denominational neutrality of states were perceived and defined in terms of their content through the prism of anticlericalism, an ideological trend boosted by the French Revolution of 1789, which led to the abolition of the principle ‘cujus regio, eius religio’, i.e. ‘to whom the monarchy belongs, religion belongs’, and to the exacerbation of opposition to the involvement of the clergy in the political life of France. From 1905, when the law separating the State from the Church was published, until 1958, France recognized and affirmed the principle of secularism, which - from that year onwards - it associated with the concept of the neutrality of the State in its relations with the Church, id est religious cults. Since then, however, both concepts, id est “laïcité” and “neutrality”, have undergone profound changes because of the new realities that have arisen in the relationship between the State and the Church, culminating in Protocols of cooperation for the common good of their respective subjects.

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PUTEREA CUVÂNTULUI SACRU CONFRUNTAT CU INDIVIDUALISMUL ȘI EXTREMISMUL PROGRESIST COTIDIAN

Author(s): Cristian Caraman / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The word is the basis of the vocabulary by which we express ourselves in our relationships with our fellow human beings and with God. Man expresses his thoughts and will through speech and writing. Man expresses his feelings and emotional states through articulated words, signs, attitudes and movements. People feel the need to communicate through articulate language. Man, through the intellectual and spiritual function of thought, has the possibility of expressing himself consciously through speech, being able to transform his thoughts into words, into articulated sound. Because of the possibility of expressing his thought in words, man is a being superior to all other living beings; he speaks by thinking and thinks by speaking. Because man was created by God with brain structures capable of transforming the language of thought into articulate language, speech becomes the superior product of the human brain. Speech is a priceless gift of God which man enjoys in life, through which he can express his thoughts and feelings, the expression of his conscience, work, create, develop his intelligence, his memory, become master over the earth and its creatures, manage, utilize and transform what God has entrusted to him on earth. Thanks to verbal communication human life and social life became possible. Through this gift of God, man has been able to capitalize it in countless words, words of love, words of longing, words of encouragement, words of comfort, words of praise and praise to God, words of success, words of brotherhood, words of work and creation. Christian rhetoric must adapt to the times in order to withstand the onslaught of progressive atheism. Today’s education and religious pluralism face daily individualism and extremism, which is why rhetorical pregrammatism is needed to nurture, mold, and shape strong character individuals in a holistic world increasingly distant from God. Religious pluralism in modern society presupposes the existence of several religious traditions and is associated with other areas, such as cultural pluralism, ideological pluralism, political pluralism or ethnic pluralism. One of the values of today’s education and religious pluralism is the tolerance of genuine dialog, in which people not only adopt a tolerant and active attitude in understanding others, but also give those with whom they disagree the same respect that they themselves hope to receive. In this context, oratorical discourse has a duty to create bridges of dialog between people of different confessions, social positions, economic situations or heterogeneous political views.

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EDUCAȚIA RELIGIOASĂ CA DIMENSIUNE A EDUCAȚIEI INTEGRALE

Author(s): Emanuel Dobrin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The role of religious education in the formation of an individual cannot be contested. Religious education contributes to the development of life skills necessary for social interaction and is influenced by close relationships, the family environment, significant interactions, and experiences within various social groups and institutions. Observing the benefits of religious education, it is considered that it should be an integral part of the educational system and that no educational system can be complete without the necessary religious inputs. Religious education prepares individuals for developing a holistic perception of reality, stimulating consciousness and behavior towards embracing a personal existential purpose. The Christian religion is the foundation of morality for any individual, regardless of the social context they find themselves in.

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ÎNDUMNEZEIREA OMULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL PLURALISMULUI RELIGIOS ȘI AL EXTREMISMULUI: O EVALUARE BIBLICĂ A ANTROPOLOGIEI LUI DUMITRU STĂNILOAE

Author(s): Florin Matei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Understanding and evaluating Stăniloae’s anthropology and soteriology in a world marked by conflict and extremism can be of particular significance, offering us a new dimension of understanding what the human being and its potential can be. This theoretical and theological framework can be the means by which postmodern society can gain new perspectives of inter-religious understanding and harmony. By contrasting Eastern and Western theologies we gain new understandings of the reality of sin without falling into the trap of radicalism. The divine purpose and human dignity, as a result of this dialog between the two traditions, brings an enrichment of interreligious visions.

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CONFESIUNE, IDENTITATE, TOLERANȚĂ RELIGIOASĂ ÎN COLEGIILE REFORMATE DIN ROMÂNIA: MODELAREA UMANISMULUI RELIGIOS ÎN SECOLUL XX-XXI

Author(s): Botond Kund Gudor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The Reformed colleges were the product of Protestant pedagogy within the framework of the Reformation. They developed in competition with existing models, by copying, multiplying, or even replacing other educational centers. The pedagogical institutions were closely linked to pedagogical centers in the Netherlands, the German Principalities, Switzerland, and England. The existence of these centers generated identity debates within the Reformation. Protestant education in Transylvania is represented by several exceptional pedagogical centers of the Reformed Church in Aiud, Alba Iulia, Cluj, Zalău, Odorhei, Sfântu Gheorghe, Oradea, Târgu Mureș, and Orăștie. The establishment of Reformed colleges meant the progressive building—up to the 18th century—of a Hungarian identity discourse beyond the confessional one. The relationship between primary schools—general schools at the level of rural or semi-urban localities—and higher-level educational institutions was deeply dynamic. The formation of educational centers was closely tied to the political figures of the Principality, whose erudition and humanism formulated educational goals with the aim of forming elites in a tolerant and humanist spirit. Socially, it represented the only chance for the lower classes to rise and for the middle classes to engage in a long educational process carried out under the auspices of pietas et eruditio.

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LIBERTATEA CREȘTINĂ ÎN VIZIUNEA LUI CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON

Author(s): Iosif Anca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

In this article we will discuss Christian liberty in the view of C. H. Spurgeon. In the first part of the paper we will explore his view of human freedom in general. In the second part we will focus on how Christian liberty is achieved, referring specifically to the act of regeneration. In the third part, we will address the essential method of maintenance and development of this freedom proposed by C. H. Spurgeon. More specifically, we will focus on the faithful service that God expects of every human being who wishes to benefit from this freedom.

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ACTUALITATEA PRINCIPIULUI „UNITATE ÎN DIVERSITATE” DIN PERSPECTIVA CULTURALĂ ȘI SPIRITUALĂ CREȘTINĂ

Author(s): Cristian Vasile PETCU,Nicolae-Vladut Iorga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The paper entitled „The relevance of the principle of ‚unity in diversity’ from a Christian cultural and spiritual perspective” examines the relevance of this principle in the contemporary context from a Christian Orthodox perspective. The analysis addresses the interplay between unity and diversity in the spiritual and cultural spheres, highlighting how the Orthodox tradition promotes harmony between the common identity of the Christian faith and the diversity of cultural and religious expressions. The paper also emphasizes the essential role of religious leaders in promoting unity in diversity by cultivating interfaith dialogue and social cohesion. Finally, it proposes a possible paradigm of unity in diversity, represented by the process of re-Christianization of Europe as a response to the challenges of modernity and secularism. The paper argues for the rediscovery of Christian roots as the foundation for a united society, but with respect for its cultural and spiritual diversity.

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THE CONFLUENCE BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND NEOPLATONISM: TRIADOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

Author(s): Nicușor Morlova / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

Was Christianity Hellenized or was philosophy Christianized? It is a dilemma that has sparked numerous discussions and conflicting opinions to this day. This debate revolves mainly around the metaphysics of Greek philosophy, which left Christianity with its entire conceptual arsenal. The close relationship between philosophy and religion in Plotinus' time explains why many philosophers engaged in religion and ethics, but also why many Christian theologians perceived theology as the highest form of philosophy. Viewed contextually, the philosophy of Plotinus, having rich elements of mysticism and definition of divinity, can be considered a true religion. The Church Fathers, having a deep understanding of the limits within which they could operate using the Greek language, the philosophical terminology, as well as the morphological structures and linguistic expressions of their time, highlighted the semantic differences and the conventional nature of these expressions. As deep thinkers and scholars of Greek culture, who admired the beauty of Greek speech, they enriched the traditional terminology with new meanings and used it effectively to introduce new religious concepts and to describe the experience or theory of truth with the greatest possible precision.

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THE TRANSHUMANISM – PARADIGM OF SECULARIZATION AN ORTHODOX PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Cătălin-Dumitru Voșloban / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

The phenomenology of secularization is in a continuous change, generated by the alterability of all main aspects of life: the socio-political, cultural, and human psychophysiological environment, all these being affected by the technology and lifestyle specific to the 21st century. In the field of modern technology, the scientific discoveries and the fast technological progress have led most notably to an „inhuman technicalization of life”, with a strong echo in the spiritual plan of human existence. The acceleration of these changes in the last decades, have clothed the process of secularization in a new, modern garment, semantically altering the term „progress”, in an ideological way. Sciences, culture, health, medicine, life, man, and even his nature, are targeted by a radical change, through technology, with the declared purpose of an eternal state of well-being, of infinitely improved capbilitiess of the human intellect and physique. This philosophy, which leads to augmentations and modifications of the human body, brain and even the genome, for purposes clearly demarcated from Christian eschatology, shapes this new current of thought - transhumanism, which promises to lead humanity towards a finality and state that are fundamentally different from the current ones, namely post-humanity.

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GOD S NATURE, POWERS, LAWS, SCIENCE PERFORMED: THEOLOGICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Author(s): M. B. , Dastagiri / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

The Theological schools philosophy is that God manifest through the universe. The natural world designed by Universal Laws. These laws outperform religion, philosophy, school of thoughts. Biblical scriptures revealed the mystery of God. Humans difficult and beyond human knowledge to find out God by research and science tools. This paper search God’s existence, origin from biblical evidences of theologians, world religions, philosophers, and science. The research framework is theological, philosophical, Scientific and meta analysis. The results found that God attributes are: omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence, and perfect goodness. Theists believe that God is somehow involved in world design. As per many religions, Humans can comprehend God through his creation, prayers, reading divine scripts inspite of his invisibility. Nature of God is God Is Sovereign, God Is Working, God Is Holy, God Is Love, God Is Omnipotent. The works of God are creation, redemption, providence. The God existence is more spiritual instead of philosophical or scientific. “God is a immortal Spirit.

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OPENNESS TO OTHER FAITHS QUESTIONED

Author(s): Marc GRENIER / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

In this essay, we review and critique the Moyaert-D’Costa debates as a way of answering a pivotal question still very much pertinent to contemporary biblical scholarship: to what extent, if at all, can the tensive relationship between faith identity and openness to other faiths be realized. We begin by reviewing Moyaert’s initial argument that various soteriological models within the theology of religion assume this problem can and should be solved a priori through hermeneutical openness. The model of comparative theology, on the other hand, questions this a priori assumption that hermeneutical openness is the precondition for soteriological openness. Then we present the counterarguments of D’Costa and other theologians who claim that these theological models don’t address the implicit epistemological issues involved in interreligious dialogue. Soteriological openness is not a precondition for methodological openness, and ‘openness’ itself is not a precondition for interreligious dialogue. These models assume that institutionalized interreligious dialogue is desirable without any clear, explicit biblical mandate and that it is even possible to achieve a balance between faiths in dialogue.

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Към историята на арабската буква waw в турското изкуство (По материали от България и Турция)

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Към историята на арабската буква waw в турското изкуство (По материали от България и Турция)

Author(s): Lyubomir Mikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The paper examines examples of Ottoman calligraphical inscriptions including the Arabic letter waw. In Turkish art, these cases are represented by two types of calligraphic compositions: A) a calligram containing mirrored or symmetrically written two waws; B) a calligram containing one waw and one alif. Both types of calligrams were inspired by the doctrine of Sufism, and were introduced and spread by calligraphers professing Hurufism and Bektashism or sympathizing with these mystical currents in Turkish traditional culture. In conclusion, it is summarized that calligraphy has unlimited possibilities for turning Arabic letters both into highly specific artifacts and into a means of expressing very diverse religious views.

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Jiřina Navrátilová ‒ Libor Botek (ed.): Šetření sexuálních deliktů v církvi a ve státě (Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2024, 274 stran, ISBN 978 80 244 6474 9 /print/, ISBN 978 80 244 6475 6 /online: iPDF/)

Author(s): Jiří Kašný / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2024

Review of: Botek, Libor, ed. a Navrátilová, Jiřina, ed. Šetření sexuálních deliktů v církvi a ve státě. 1. edition. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2024. 274 pagess. ISBN 978-80-244-6474-9.

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