Чуждоезиковото обучение в България през 30-те години на XX в. – между каноничното и модернистичното

Author(s): Vesela Belcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Interest in learning foreign languages in Bulgaria in the 1930s is a direct consequence of the cultural and educational progress and the advancement of modern language teaching across Europe. Publications on the principles and methods of foreign language teaching from that period highlight moot points and contradictions in different approaches to foreign language teaching in the European as well as the Bulgarian educational context. Such papers outline the historical development of FLT in Bulgaria and make up an essential part of our educational heritage since they reflect major trends in the nation’s cultural development in the early 20th century.

A propos de l’ouvrage de : Stoyan Atanassov. De la littérature à la vie. Moyen âge, Temps modernes.

Author(s): Dina Mantcheva / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

A propos de l’ouvrage de : Stoyan Atanassov De la littérature à la vie. Moyen âge, Temps modernes. Sofia, Colibri, 2016. [От литературата към живота. Средновековие, Ново време./ From Literature to Life. Middle Ages, Early Modern Period]

Педагогическото образование на учителите в България в контекста на хербартианството

Author(s): Albena Chavdarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Training and qualification of primary school teachers after the liberation is implemented on the basis of curricula and programs that are accepted by Ministry of Education and are obligatory. In them a content component in each subject, such as general professional teacher training is carried out in two directions – theoretical and practical. This is according with the European practice and especially with so called herbartianism – model. Even though applied in part, because it is consistent with conditions in Bulgaria, he played a positive role in the overall organization and systematization of pedagogical training and qualification of teachers in Bulgaria in the period after the Liberation.

Политиката на Българския земеделски народен съюз за подобряване на материалното положение на учителите и за осигуряване на средства за строеж на училища (1919 – 1923)

Author(s): Emilia Enicharova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article comments on legislative initiatives of the Cabinet of Alexander Stamboliiski, which aim to alleviate the material status of teachers and to provide more funds for the construction of new school buildings. And all this against the backdrop of economic collapse, which relegated the country after three wars, the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Neuilly and huge casualties given in hostilities.

70 години от създаването на Института за литература – БАН. Интервю с доц. д-р Елка Трайкова

Author(s): Maya Padeshka / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

Въобразяването на София: град, памет и индивид в българската литература на XX и XXI век

Author(s): Blagovest Zlatanov Velichkov,Anne Liebig / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2016

The interdisciplinary field of memory studies and literary science is a relatively new research subject that immediately attracted the attention of scholars from across various areas. In the case of Bulgarian literature, however, no comprehensive study has yet been attempted. This article strives to make a first, tentative contribution in this direction. By analysing three Bulgarian literary works – Čavdar Mutafov’s Smărten săn, Dimităr Korudžiev’s Predi da se umre and Vladislav Todorov’s Dzift – with regard to their interrelationship between city, memory and individual, this paper offers a thematically limited, but concise glimpse into some of the manifestations of a memoryscape in modernist and contemporary Bulgarian literature.

HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AS AND SOURCE OF SERBO-ALBANIAN CONFLICT: AN ALBANIAN POINT OF VIEW

Author(s): Ethem Çeku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The contents of school texts play an important role in the education of every new generation, but if the information the schoolchildren are receiving is distorted by nationalist propaganda or is politically coloured, the books in question can perpetuate ethnic conflicts, limit familiarity with the values and thinking of the other side, and impede opportunities to construct a better, common future. An analysis of history texts published in Serbian that deal with the Kosovo issue reveals that both the past and present are being wrongly transmitted. From the time of its establishment in 1999, the UN administration worked closely with international agencies and made great strides in including and integrating all the minority communities in education. It is apparent that the education system in this part of the Balkans is veiled in strong nationalist colours that are impeding the integration of the Serbian community into the education system of Kosovo. This paper endeavours to show how Serbian history texts present the present and past of Kosovo and of the Albanians. It offers information about the role that school texts can play in integration and co-operation, and in the development of the Balkans. It also highlights the great differences that exist between various history textbooks. The divergence of information presented to young people is making it difficult for the peoples of the Balkans to integrate, to work together and to develop as a region.

Варненското македонско/македоно-одринско дружество и националноосвободителното движение на българите в Oсманската империя (1895–1903)

Author(s): Slavi Slavov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2017

The activity of the Macedonian/Macedonian-Odrinian Society in Varna is part of the joint effort of the Bulgarians from the Principality of Bulgaria for the liberation of their compatriots who remained under Ottoman rule. Although located hundreds of kilometers from enslaved Macedonia, the Varna Society stands out as one of the most numerous and well-organized in the country. Its support for the revolutionary movement was mainly financial and material, but it was also directly involved in the liberation struggle sending revolutionists and arms to Macedonia and the Odrin region.

Ценен документален сборник за най-новата история на България

Author(s): Vladimir Migev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2017

Book review

Pomník generála Gablenze v Trutnově jako místo paměti lokálního významu

Author(s): Tomáš Korbel / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

In this article, changes in the meanings attributed to and local relations with General Gablenz's memorial – a local monument and reminder of the 1866 Prussian-Austrian War – are observed over the period from its construction to the present. First, the role of the memorial in memory studies is presented (Nora’s concept of places of memory) in terms of its semiotic-content structures and three basic functions of festivities that establish its social significance. Second, the use of historical consciousness or local cultural memory is considered as a methodical concept for the study of this monument, which fulfilled a social role not at the national level, but only in the regional context within the collective memory of the local community. Third, the concept of local culture memory is applied and described from the point of view of various actors (subjects of memory places) of commemorative practices (military associations, city leaders, etc.) during the ceremonial inauguration of the monument in 1868, during the solemn deposition of General Gablenz’s relicts in the monument in 1905, and during the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the deposition of those relicts in 2005. It is obvious that the significance of this monument as a place of memory has been shaped by the local community, but at the same time it itself became an important source of identity for this society because of its ability to preserve his living memory.

Regionální identita jako základna konstrukce společné identity českých (československých) Němců ve vlastivědné produkci jizerskohorského regionu

Author(s): Jana Mezerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2018

The aim of this paper is to explore the transformation in the relationship of the German minority to the Frýdlant, Liberec and Jablonec regions in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, based on research into Heimatkunde (local culture and heritage studies). The paper picks out the way in which Heimatkunde was gradually appropriated by the nationalists, until it eventually became part of the “völkisch” trend. It was used to construct a shared identity amongst Sudetenlanders, as a political tool in the push for the minority’s autonomy. Regional identity developed into a platform from which the stereotyped elements that formed acceptable, effective points of identity for the entire German-speaking minority were drawn and gradually moulded, becoming the foundations for a common identity. Other modernisation processes also played a major role alongside nationalism: in particular industrialisation, urbanisation and the development of a civil society and self-government. From among the many areas that make up Heimatkunde which can be used to illustrate this process, I have chosen to focus in this paper on the relationship to the landscape. When one examines the physical aspects of the landscape, a clear progression can be observed in publications on Heimatkunde in which emphasis shifts from topographical descriptions to the use of local potential (industrial and also tourist potential). Against this backdrop, a stereotype emerged for the German minority of a hardy people who were able to prosper in harsh upland conditions through hard work and enterprise. The administrative aspect of Heimatkunde focused on the relationship between the periphery and the centre and on self-government, and was often linked with the issue of settlement. This led to increasing emphasis on the stereotype of the Sudetenlanders as bearers of culture and on the issue of the right of national ownership.

От съставителя. Етнографският архив – между терен и интерпретации

Author(s): Anni Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

В търсене на „Семейство Стоянови. Изложба с намерена фотография“ от колекцията на Imaginary Archive

Author(s): Anna Gencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

What Is the Political Legacy of Stephan Stambolov, How and Why Does It Have To Be Explored?

Author(s): Dmytro Mykolenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2017

The interest to the activity of Stefan Stambolov has increased significantly in contemporary Bulgaria. On the one hand it has been caused by insufficient study of some aspects of his policy. On the other hand, it is a result of socio-economic, political and moral crisis in the Bulgarian society after the events taken place in the late 1980s. Stambolov as a historical figure has become an important element of the national politics of memory. And it resulted in a growing interest of the researchers in his activities. However the negative effects of the policy could be deliberately concealed by scientists, journalists and writers in a favour of statesmen. The political legacy of each historical figure who marked the next step in a history of any country, is an important factor that influence a course of political, social, economic and cultural processes. Its study can significantly adjust the established notions about activities of a particular politician, its importance to the state-building processes. The subject of our study is a sophisticated phenomenon and its research requires a number of methodological techniques.

Боримечката – мит, история, фолклор

Author(s): Konstantin Panayotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article analyzes the figure of Ivan Borimechkata (The Bear-Fighter) – one of the most famous heroes of April 1876 uprising – from the viewpoint of its hyposthases: as a literary character that gained popularity with Ivan Vazov’s novel “Pod Igoto“ [“Under the Yoke“]; as a historical personality with a concrete biography on whose basis Vazov created his literary character; as a mythical figure that found various representations in the national and local memory, in art, public discussions, etc.Analyzing comparatively diverse folklore and historical sources about Borimechkata, the article traces the processes of taking the concrete personality out of historical anonymity and turning it into a hero and a kind of myth. In the course of these processes, the historical indicators about the martyrdom of Ivan Borimechkata appear silenced by the voice of the heroic memories about him – ones created and affirmed through the character’s interpretation in literature, monumental representations,visual arts, and cinema. The article shows how the novel “Under the Yoke“ testifies not only of Vazov’s return to the “idealized epoch“ of the April 1876 uprising, with its ideas and heroes, but was also a powerful instrument in coining heroic characters and narratives connected with that time.

Трансформация на места на памет – местността „Паметниците“ при Свищов

Author(s): Iskren Velikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The preservation of the memory for the past is part of the system that forms identity.“The sites of memory“ (after Pierre Nora), which surpass the frames of the physical space of the event and also include the characters-participants and the event itself as a phenomenon, are building a symbolic construct, which is often comprehended bylocal communities as heritage. The present research examines the development and transformation of places of national memory in Bulgaria. Case-study of the report is the “Monuments“ Park of the town of Svishtov in Northern Bulgaria – the original site of the landing of Russian troops in 1877, the beginning of the Liberation War. Duringits 140 years of history, the “Tekir-dere / the Monuments“ area witnesses three stages of development. In the initial years following the Liberation the area is affirmed as a site for commemoration and homage to the bravery of the Russian soldiers. OnБългарска етнология, бр. 1 (2018) / 91occasion of the celebrations for the 100th anniversary of the war, the narrative was expanded with the presentation of the Bulgarian volunteer troops in the process of achieving Freedom. In the beginning of the 21st c. the process of “acquiring“ the historical territory continues by introducing the revolutionary Filip Totyu and his detachment in 1867. With the expansion of the urban territory, the space also acquires the functions of a town park. Thus, despite the physical distance from the settlement,the area has turned nowadays into a place for relaxation and walk for the citizens of Svishtov, which is assisted by the activities for the socialization of the park.

Оръжието на революционерите в българските музеи като наследство

Author(s): Reneta Roshkeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article discusses the weapons that are preserved until today in Bulgarian museums of the revolutionaries who participated in the struggles for political independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1867–1878. On the basis of observations made within the project “Traces of the Heroic Time,“ as well as of the experience with exhibitions dedicated to this topic, the article makes an overview of the weapons in Bulgarian museums that had belonged to participants in the national liberation struggles – of Georgi Rakovski, Vassil Levski, of the voevods Hadzhi Dimitar Assenov and Stefan Karadza, of Panayot Volov, of Petrana Obretenova, Rayna Popgeorguieva, etc.Raising the issues about the identification of the revolutionaries’ weapons and the interpretation of the facts around them, the author points out that these important artifacts for the construction of historical memory are insufficiently studied in Bulgaria. The article argues that – as materialized history, these weapons facilitate the heroization of the nationally important personalities. Regardless if being truly authentic or not, weapons – similarly to myths, are an important resource for construing the heroism of the national consolidation processes and for the creation and maintenance of the “big historical narratives.“

„Поздрави от ... Италия и България“ или за какво разказват пощенските картички

Author(s): Elka Mincheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Католическата църква и антисемитизмът в Хърватия по време на Втората световна война (1941–1945)

Author(s): Irina Ognyanova-Krivoshieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2017

Under direct German influence, anti-Semitism and racism were imposed as a state ideology and policy in the Independent State of Croatia during the Second World War, and thousands of Jews became victims of that. The lack of political opposition in the country turns the Catholic Church in the only opponent and corrective of the Holocaust. Since it could not protect all Jews whose destiny was decided in Berlin, not in Zagreb, the only realistic program of action of the Catholic Church was to at least champion for the Jews of mixed marriages, those who had adopted Catholicism, the children, the elderly people and others. As a result, many were taken to Dalmatia (in the Italian occupation zone) or outside the country.

Развитие на американистиката: от „национална“ към „транснационална“

Author(s): Simona Samuilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2017

The article summarizes the factors that influence the emergence and development of American Studies in the United States and Western Europe. The author identifies key trends and themes that shape the character of the scientific discipline on both sides of the Atlantic in the second half of the 20th century, and outlines current trends and directions of its development at the beginning of the 21st century.