Popravy nepřátel lidově demokratického hospodářství

Author(s): Ivo Pejčoch,Jiří Plachý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2016

The Communists’ accession to power in 1948 brought a wave of persecution and trials with steep sentences for real and imagined opponents of the new regime. The most appalling acts of evil were the cases that resulted in the execution of one or more people. This study explores a unique group of the executed, including both victims of the regime and regular criminals. What they had in common was that they were in the dock for real and imagined crimes targeted at the economy of the Czechoslovak Republic and ended their lives on the execution ground. The main reason for the draconian verdicts and executions was an effort to scare the public and foster society’s hatred toward a class of traders “impoverishing the working people.”

Zaplaťte… Financování KSČ v roce 1936 v radiodepeších Kominterny

Author(s): Tomáš Jakl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2016

This article is a summary of autors consensus he made after the research in the british National Archive in Kew. The all radio dispatches were exchanged between Moscow and many local officials. Among them are not just members of communist states such Czechoslovakia or China but France, Austria, Denmark, Sweden or Greece also.

Ecouri diplomatice italiene la demersurile pentru intrarea României în Primul Război Mondial (1916)

Author(s): Mihail Dobre / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5-6/2016

At the outbreak of World War 1, Italy and Romania had a similar conduct, both refusing to enter the war alongside the alliance they were part of, namely the Central Powers. They opted to remain neutral in the conflict triggered by the attack on Serbia by Austria-Hungary, which soon spread globally. Subsequently, despite the bilateral agreements by which both countries committed themselves to act in a concerted fashion, Italy acted unilaterally, entering the war in May 1915. Having become part of the Entente, Italy embraced – alongside France and Great Britain – the formula proposed by Russia and reflected in the political convention signed in Bucharest on August 4/17, 1916. The terms of the treaty between Romania and the Entente were predetermined by the provisions of the Treaty of London of 1915, and Italy’s action set the model by which the Romanian authorities promoted their interests.

Češko-bosansko prijateljstvo

Author(s): Susanne Habel / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2015

Doktor povijesti Jozo Džambo je od 1992. godine djelovao kao znanstveni suradnik u Udruzi Adalbert-Stifter u Münchenu. U mirovinu je ispraćen svečanim činom nakon svoga 65. rođendana u prosincu prošle godine. U svom oproštajnom govoru Džambo je govorio o desetljećima dugom prijateljstvu između Pan Tadije i gospodina Kamila, svog djeda i praškog pravnika. Peter Becher mu je kao ravnatelj Udruge Stifter predao Knjigu prijatelja u kojoj je svoj dar u lijepim riječima Jozi ostavilo 50 prijatelja i suradnika.

Чекистские операции по польской линии в 1918 г.

Author(s): A. A. Zdanovich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 17/2016

The author analyses Cheka’s activity in the field of searching for Polish underground organizations in 1918. The article based on archival materials, including documents from Central archive of FSB, Russian state historic military archive. The author tells about different Polish military organizations. Their success at the start of 1918 wasprovided with a backing of French military mission and with a lack of covert intelligence work experience among Cheka members. In fact, Polish military organizations succeeded during a long period in raising of funds from Soviet government, because the Soviet regime hoped to create international troops. The author describes main types of such organizations, including enlistment in Polish anti-bolshevist military groups all over the North and East of Russia, anti-bolshevist propaganda, adulteration of documents. Gradual improvement of Cheka’s methods, including implementation of informers, helped to search this activity in the summer of 1918. During the period of Red Terror, many members of Polish military organizations were shoot. It punctured a scheme of deposing the Soviet government.

Złożenie broni

Author(s): Michał Römer,Grzegorz Nowik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2017

Internowany Legionista podważa decyzje Piłsudskiego

Nagy-Románia oktatáspolitikája a Székely Mikó Kollégium történetében (1918–1938)

Author(s): Dénes Lőrinczi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The history of Székely Mikó Kollégium was being analysed from many approaches. A recent study tries to undertake after the First World War the Romanian education policy, the nationalization, the land reforms and inauguration of the latest baccalaureate laws, setting up the culture zones, how and how deeply affected the teachers and students of the epoch. Taking in consideration the other Transylvanian church schools, in this boarding school the students achieved medium results on graduation and also on exams. In the second part between the two world wars there was added another building to this boarding school, thereby it came off a contribution to the assignment of Hungarian educational spirit.

Konspiratív karrierépítés? Bernády György szabadkőművessége

Author(s): János Fodor / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: IV/2017

In this article, the author analyzes György Bernády’s relations with the freemasonic movements from Budapest and Târgu-Mureș/Marosvásárhely. To understand the essence and the problematic of the freemasonry movement a circumspective approach is needed. The modern movement of the masonry can be dated back to the early decades of the 19th century, along with liberalism and its ideology, which has been present ever since. Dr. György Bernády has become known to posterity as founder mayor of the modern city of Târgu-Mureș/Marosvásárhely, prefect and prominent Transylvanian politician. He was mayor of the city between the years 1902–1912, and he was the one who brought the ideas and foundations of masonry in the town, being the founder of the Gábor Bethlen lodge. During this period of Bernády’s mayorship the town discards its rural character, becoming a city on its way to modernity. The last years of peace and prosperity before the world war have meant an economic and demographic growth to the cities trough the Monarchy. Bernády’s masonic relations have played an important role in his political and administrative actions. His political work cannot be understood properly, without a thorough analysis of his masonic work and relations.

A krími tatárság 20. századi kálváriája – történeti és kutatási helyzetkép

Author(s): Sándor Komáromi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Czerwonnaja, Swetlana – Malek, Martin: Deportation und Verbannung der Krimtartaren. Umstrittene Probleme der Forschung. = Europa Ethnica, 73.Jg. 2016. 3/4. No. 80-84. p.

„Mi a cseh nemzet?” A cseh nemzettel kapcsolatos ismeretek alakulása az Egyesült Államokban a 20. század kezdetéig

Author(s): Judit Pethő-Szirmai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Vlha, Marek: “What is the Bohemian nation?” Geneze povědomí o českém národu ve Spojených státech amerických do počátku 20. století (“What is the Bohemian Nation?” A Genesis of the Awareness of the Czech Nation in the United States of America up to the Beginning of the 20th Century) = Český Časopis Historický/The Czech Historical Review, Vol. 113, 2015, No. 2, 381-417. p.

Az és és a vagy, avagy a történeti megértés lehetõségei

Author(s): János Főcze / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 07/2017

Hatos Pál: Szabadkőművesből református püspök. Ravasz László élete

Erdélyi odisszea. Egy arisztokrata család kálváriája

Author(s): Daniella Ludvig / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 11/2017

Živá pochodeň na Ukrajině. Sebeupálení Vasyla Omeljanovyče Makucha v Kyjevě 5. listopadu 1968

Author(s): Petr Blažek,Rita Kindlerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

Before Jan Palach's protest, self-immolation as a form of radical political protest emerged in the Soviet bloc in three cases, but they received very little response at the time. This paper is dedicated to a "Life torch" Vasyl Omeljanovych Makuch.

Lex Schwarzenberg – historicko-právní pohled

Author(s): Tereza Blažková,Lukáš Blažek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

There are many points of view on the historical role which played Czech nobility in the modern history. The relationship of nobility to the nation did not lack a certain continuity until the first half of the twentieth century, when after changing global military conflicts has changed more than just the existing social order. The II WW in this case particulary decisive. It is related to the new ideas that preferred a society in which there was no longer a place for the old ranks and their representatives.

Prohlášení, které se již nekonalo ... K osudům protagonistů deklarací české nobility po roce 1945

Author(s): Zdeněk Hazdra / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

This article describes a meeting among the president Edvard Beneš, František Kinský and Zdeněk Radslav Kinský. Zdeněk Radslav Kinský and president Beneš have had already a close relationship in 30ties - before Beneš has gone to the London exile. After the end of II WW they renewed the relationship between them.

„Bodákem se dá sice dlouho něco držet, ale nedá se na něm sedět“

Author(s): Jiří Řezníček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

Jan Hromek´s coresponedence from Strážnice in the context with Charter 77declaration.

Buday Árpád – levelei tükrében

Author(s): György Gaal / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2018

Árpád Buday and György Kristóf were colleagues at Bethlen College in Nagyenyed/Aiud. Both of them studied at Franz Joseph University from Kolozsvár/Cluj. Buday became an archaeologist, Kristóf a literary historian. Kristóf’s career began at Szászváros/ Orãºtie, then in 1922 he became professor of Hungarian at the Kolozsvár Romanian University. Buday’s activity was connected with the archaeologist school founded by Béla Pósta at Kolozsvár. After World War I he was invited as professor of archaeology to Szeged. Their correspondence reflects three periods from their life. In the 1902-1905 period we can read about Buday’s studies. In 1921 we are informed about the university life from Kolozsvár, the attempts of founding a Hungarian academy. The letters from 1924 up to 1929 inform us about Buday’s arrival to Szeged, his activity at the university and about his family. There are interesting hints about the childhood of his son, György/ George Buday who became a worldwide known graphic artist in Britain.

Emanuel Halicz – More than Scientist’s Profile

Author(s): Michał Kozłowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Emanuel Halicz (1921–2015) was a historian of the 19th century. In 1939 he began his studies at the Ukrainian university in Lviv. In June of 1941 he was evacuated to the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. From 1943 a political officer in the Polish people’s Army. A member of the Polish Workers’ Party/Polish United Workers’ Party. In 1950 he earned a Ph.D. degree at the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, and was delegated from the army to the Institute for Training Scientific Cadres, where he was employed in 1952. From 1957 he was a lecturer at Feliks Dzerzhinsky Military Political Academy. In 1960 he became associate professor. A member of the committee of the Polish and Soviet Academies of Sciences created to edit and publish historical sources to the period of the January 1863 Uprising. He lost his job in the aftermath of March ’68. In 1971 he emigrated to Denmark, and was demoted to the rank of private. In 1972–1982 he was professor at Odense University, in 1982–1990 at the University of Copenhagen. He collaborated with the Polish émigré periodical Zeszyty Historyczne.

„Lovon vagy gyalog”

Az Andrássy-emlékmű felállítása és bontása a források tükrében

Author(s): Dániel Borovi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2017

On 19 February 1890, the day after the death of Count Gyula Andrássy, Sr., former Prime Minister of Hungary and Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary, Prime Minister Kálmán Tisza proposed a bill to the House of Representatives about erecting a monument for Andrássy. Since the inception of the idea there had been serious debates about whether the diplomat Andrássy should receive an equestrian or a standing statue. Finally, taking the family’s wish into account, they decided on the former. The end of Andrássy Avenue, the current Heroes’ Square was chosen as the statue’s location. György Zala won the competition to build the monument in 1893. The originally planned architectural framework designed by Albert Schickedanz, a semicircular colonnade, was discarded. In 1894, a decision was made to build the Millennium Memorial at the planned location. The memorial also designed by Zala and Schickedanz can be considered a more developed version of the Andrássy monument’s original architectural plan. The square in front of the Parliament was assigned as the new location of the Andrássy statue. The sculptor wanted to place the statue in front of the main facade, but this was refused both by professionals and decision makers due to practical considerations. Since Zala regularly missed deadlines, the statue was inaugurated only in 1906 in front of the Parliament’s southern facade. The decision to dismantle the statue, which was damaged during World War II, was made in 1945 because of the construction of the temporary Kossuth Bridge. The fate of the bronze statue’s pieces can be tracked until 1950, after that the fragments were most likely melted. The reconstructed version of the monument was erected in 2015-2016.

Népirtások, nők, férfiak

Az összehasonlító vizsgálatok lehetőségei

Author(s): Balázs Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2017

Amy E. Randall [ed.]: Genocide and Gender in the Twentieth Century: A Comparative Survey. Bloomsbury, London−New York, 2015