We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The mysterious death of Jerzy Zawieyski, a playwright, editor and Catholic-political activist, has not been fully explained. Although according to the most plausible theory Zawieyski died on 18 June 1969 in an accident, a suicide cannot be ruled out, while there are some people who read the participation of third parties or even political murder elements into the case. The article will not burst the bubble of doubts. Even though the author managed to reach some sources which had not been utilized before, the considerations presented below will recall the tragic death of Zawieyski, underline the lack of integrity in the actions of the former authorities and point to interpretational difficulties rather than propose a final answer to the riddle.
More...
This essay explores the complex dynamic that fed Soviet anxieties over the border regions.This dynamic involved several interlocking aspects: the dismantling of the Gulag, including most notably the release of a significant number of convicted nationalist guerrillas and activists, who were allowed to return to their homes; the conflicting sentiments on the western frontier that led locals to embrace or reject the Gulag returnees based on pre-Soviet memories, the experiences of World War II, and postwar sovietization policies; the impact of the Polish and Hungarian upheavals, foreign radio broadcasts, and increased contacts with the outside world on the authorities and populations of the western republics; and finally, the attempt to counter these problems via the proliferation of communal surveillance and policing, therevival of class-based policies, and the intensified pursuit of ethnonational homogenization of the borderlands. The 1956 crisis raised several key questions for the post-Stalinist Soviet polity, especially on the western frontier: Why did a government as suspicious and seasoned as the Soviet regime consciously let a mass of sworn, unreformed enemies back into its midst? Was the era of social engineering over in the wake of the renunciation of mass terror and, if so, what came in its place? What were the boundaries of reform? What price was the regime willing to pay for the relative loss of control over information flow and communications? What accounted for the wide gap between a confident center and its weary periphery, and what role did the latter play in shaping national policies?
More...
The Japanese legal system is probably the best existing example in the world showing the phenomenon of reception of foreign legal solutions on a local socio-cultural ground. Borrowing from the European legal culture in the period of Meiji reforms (1868–1912) with regard to penal and private law, complemented by borrowing of Euro-American system solutions on the basis of Show constitution of 1946, was a drastic clash of two completely different legal cultures – the native Japanese and the immigrant Euro-American. Evolution of so established law during subsequent decades is clear evidence that applying the same legal regulations to other societies may bring surprisingly different results. Based on the Japanese example, this phenomenon, very interesting from the perspective of sociology of law, was confi rmed both, on the ground of particular legal institutions, as well as in the law application practice (the issue of the system of law professions in Japan).
More...
This article tells the story of Jewish orphans evacuated with the Polish Army (Armia Andersa) in 1942 from the USSR to Iran in the context of the help they received from Anders’s Army and the Polish government in exile through the network of diplomatic posts of the Polish embassy in the USSR and the Ministry of Labour and Welfare (Ministerstwo Pracy i Opieki Społecznej). It shows the broad and often complicated and dificult cooperation of these institutions with Jewish organisations, including mainly the Jewish Agency. The authors characterise the various forms of help provided to Jewish children and analyse its motivation, often discrepant. Moreover, it asks questions about anti-Semitism in Anders’s Army and how it inluenced the rescuing of Jewish children.
More...
The text discusses the court iles of the trial of an Oświęcim Camp Security guard, who in 1946, while on duty, shot an individual suspected of profaning remains of victims of the Auschwitz camp. This case remains the only known and such well documented instance of a killing of a ‘Canada man’ (Kanadziarz) by an employee of the Auschwitz Museum. The documents were produced by the Magistrate’s Court in Oświęcim, the Regional Court in Wadowice, and the Appellate Court in Cracow, where the security guard stood trial. The procedural materials, which include reports on interviews with witnesses and the defendant, the sentences passed by the two instances and their interpretations, and the appeals, are stored in the Archive of the Cracow Branch of the Institute of National Remembrance. They show how the territory of the former camp in Auschwitz was protected during the irst years after its liberation. Moreover, they are a valuable source when it comes to research on profanation of remains of victims of the Holocaust and the former concentration camps.
More...
The article presents a concept of a three-volume edition on the history of Tatar journalism from the early 20th century to the present. The authors reveal the objective, tasks, main sources, practical and theoretical importance of the research. Special emphasis is made on the main stages of formation and development of Tatar and Tatarstan press, thus proving relevance and necessity of examination of this issue for integral perception of the history of Tatar journalism as well as for determination of the place of the Tatar nation among other leading nations of the world.
More...
The aim of this essay is to discuss selected novels of Wanda Karczewska. The analysis includes only specific aspects of Karczewska’s writing, such as narrative techniques, and its major aim is to situate her literary works in the context of the New Novel, a French literary movement which had a significant influence on the development of modern prose, including the postmodern novel. The second, equally important, aim of this text is to present some of the virtues of Karczewska’s forgotten novels to a wider audience.
More...
The starting point of this paper was influenced by E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Sandman (1816), which belongs to the dark romanticism period. In 1870, on the basis of this story, a very popular ballet called Coppelia was introduced to the ballet world. The creators decided to present its content in the form of a comedy ballet, focusing on the aspect of the love story.This classical version inspired many choreographers to create their own versions, including contemporary artist Maguy Marin. She introduced her own choreographic diagnosis of male-female relationships based on 20th-century life. This paper reflects on the interesting changes made through the use of dance towards Hoffmann’s text.
More...
The paper presents factors assisting the introduction of innovations on agricultural holdings in the Siedlce District. The analysis is based on survey results from 2012. The decision to modernise the holding was the main reason of introducing innovations (58% respondents). It was followed by the need to adjust production of the holding to the requirements of the market and legislation associated with the Common Agricultural Policy (20,3%), and an increase in the quality of agricultural production (14%). Innovations are most popular on agricultural holdings whose owners already have successors and who perceive their farms as potentially successful in the future. Statistical analysis of the results has revealed that introduction of innovations will be 1.3 times more frequent with each new family member.
More...
The article presents the history of a public transport company in Koszalin in the years 1945–1989. After the Second World War the German means of public transport were completely destroyed. It was not until 1948 that the City Council of Koszalin made up 12 motions concerning the inclusion of municipal investments into the State Investment Plan for 1949. There were four million zlotys allotted to the Koszalin public transport. It was decided to buy three buses. The funds were supposed to come from a four-million credit taken out from the Communal Credit Bank. In 1949 two buses (needing a repair) were bought: one Büssing, and the other Chevrolet. In August 1949 the City Council appointed Jerzy Czechowicz to the organisation of the Public Road Transport in Koszalin. The Public Road Transport in Koszalin was put into motion on October 15, 1949. In 1954 the Urban Road Transport (MKS) received from the Ministry of Municipal Economy three ‘Mavag’ buses, which were destroyed in 50%. The company was financed with a state subsidy, and its fleet came from the Transport Department of the Ministry of Communal Economy. In 1955 for the first time three new buses (Star 52) appeared; also a new service station was created, with six service bays. The working conditions of the mechanics were rather poor. Koszalin, the capital of the region since 1950, was developing rapidly; and the urban transport company did not keep up with the growing transport needs of the inhabitants. In the subsequent years the number of new buses (San and Autosan) was increasing, but they kept breaking and there were too few of them. A big change took place in the 1970s, after the central harvest festival in Koszalin, among other things, thanks to Cezary Stankiewicz, manager of the Koszalin urban transport. In the years 1970–1977 the number of passengers was doubled. In the morning rush hours the buses carried 22,000 passengers. New bus lines were created, for example to Mielno. In 1977 a new company was born, the Urban Transport Company of the Koszalin Voivodeship; since 1975 it has been one of the biggest companies of that type in the country. In 1989 the rules of its functioning were changed, its fleet was modernised, but in spite of the state subsidies, the prices of the tickets were not low.
More...
Using the public (government) health expenditure data of sixteen states in India from 1980 to 2013, the paper examines the long-run relationship between an increase in public health expenditure and income. We use real GSDP and real per capita GSDP as proxy for income. We apply Westerlund (2007) error correction based cointegration test for estimating the long-run relationship and panel dynamic OLS (DOLS) method for estimating the long-run coefficient of health expenditure. The empirical result shows that public health expenditure and income is cointegrated in the long-run. There is a positive and significant impact of income on growth of public health expenditure whereas the elasticity of public health expenditure is less than one in the long- run. It has also been found that there is a bidirectional causality between income and public health expenditure in the short- run while being unidirectional in the long-run. These research findings would serve as effective policy instruments aiming at achieving universal health coverage by generating more additional resources for health sector and minimizing the state level disparity in the growth of public health expenditure in India.
More...
It is known the fact that since the mid-twentieth century, the communication and information technology has dramatically influenced human society and that every time there was a so-called fashionable technology. Presently, the fashionable information technology is Cloud-Computing, which, by its advantages, brought Cloud-Accounting to the life of economic entities. Within this study, we analyze, by means of a survey conducted based on a questionnaire, a total of 125 answers from professional accountants, given the conditions of gradual transition towards Cloud-Accounting. In short, our research shows that among professional accountants in Romania, 99.20% have had a negative experience related to reliability, availability and access to electronic data or archived accounting data, that 96% consider that accountancy with the characteristics of Cloud-Computing would be the ideal solution to the needs of modeling and accounting information and that 88% appreciate as necessary to extend the manifestation of the role of accounting as an information system from the microeconomic level to the macroeconomic one.
More...
Njemačko-židovski učenjak, filozof religije, biblijski prevoditelj i tumač religioznih tekstova židovstva, jedan od najutjecajnijih mislilaca 20. stoljeća – Martin Buber. Život je to neizmjerno rječit i stoga uvijek izazovan jer što se na rječitost može nadodati?! Ipak, sjećanje je nužno jer neki glasovi ne gube jeku ni nakon što se izgovore; takvi su proročki duhovi. I takav je duh Martina Bubera. Tekst koji je pred čitateljem napisan je tek in memoriam, kao dužno sjećanje na lik i djelo čovjeka čija je misao neodgodivo potrebna i našem vremenu. Cjelokupni značaj Buberova djela ne može se iščitati u tekstu koji slijedi budući da između ostalog postoje i unaprijed zadani kriteriji. Ipak, ovdje to i nije cilj, što autoru teksta dopušta da sâm odabere one aspekte Buberova intelektualnog života koje je poradi aktualnosti smatrao vrijednima da budu spomenute ovom prilikom.
More...
The text „Politics and Discourses of Contemporary Feminisms: the Modalities of Perhaps“ researches some new possibilities of achieving a difference within the feminist politics and strategies after their three- phased development, and also after the postfeminist time of autoreflexive critic and recontextualization of feminist theses. Using the poststructuralist, text-oriented and already present feminist platforms, this text points to the necessity of rethinking and reconfiguration of the questions of feminist issues, as well as the issues of gender, sexuality, identity and also the issues of political itself which has to be rethought outside of the „community“ dynamics that too often slips into the friend: enemy tension. In the end, this text considers and theorizes the potential of the modality perhaps, which unravels itself in openness towards the dialogical relations of feminisms with the systems of language, writing and social/ cultural realities inside which it exists and (re)acts.
More...
This article discusses how former child refugees from Yugoslav wars, who have permanently resettled in Norway, narrate their past refugee experiences, and how they negotiate their belonging and integration in the present. The article argues that child refugees are particularly important research subjects in the field of migration and forced migration studies: refugees and forced migrants are the most vulnerable of all migrants, while children are the most vulnerable and powerless among all forced migrants. Turning back to the past experiences and memories of people who went through this type of experience in the not so distant past, might helps us understand what challenges the numerous refugees of today are facing, and help answer what receiving societies can do in response to the arrival of the new refugees.
More...
In recent years, curators and conservators from the Museum of King Jan III’s Palace in Wilanow, have begun a multi-pronged study on the works of artists from the royal court. The research started with the paintings of Michelangelo Palloni. At the same time, a project has been launched with the aim of bringing together comparative materials to explore and catalogue differences in technique and technology in the unsigned portraits of King Jan III and his family; portraits most likely painted during the king’s lifetime. The aim of the presented study is the comparison of characteristic features of certain workshops, and an attempt to assign certain works to the appropriate workshop. XRDP was one of the test methods used in this study. This technique has enabled confirmation and in some cases, clarification of the test results performed previously with the use of other techniques. The aim of the XRPD experiments were to determine the composition of ground layers, the qualitative comparison of the composition of ground layers in different paintings, and sometimes the white pigments in the paintings on canvases. In the future we also want to perform quantitative analyses to determine the proportions of the individual components of the ground layer, and the white pigments in various paintings of artists from the royal court. The subjects of this study were five easel paintings created in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The paintings are attributed to foreign painters working for King Jan III Sobieski: Portrait of Jan Dobrogost Krasiński by Michelangelo Palloni, Portrait of Henri Albert de la Grange d’Arquien (the father of Queen Maria Kazimiera), attributed to the foreign painter Alexandre-François Desportes, who worked for King Jan III, and Portrait of King Jan III, probably from the late 17th century, referred to as a ‘private portrait’ attributed to an unknown Italian artist. We also have investigated two paintings: The Suffering Christ, one from Torun, another one from Czestochowa. The XRPD measurements were performed from powder samples at the Faculty of Chemistry, in Jagiellonian University, with the use of an X’Pert PRO MPD diff ractometer, CuKα radiation, 40kV and 30 mA and a PIXCEL PSD detector. The phase analysis was performed with the use of the PDF4+ database.
More...