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Problem statement. The history of the Department of Foreign Languages of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy (UMSA) dates back to 1931 – from the moment of establishing Kharkiv Stomatological Institute, founded on the basis of Odontological Faculty of the Kharkiv Medical Institute. From this time, the department began its pedagogical, scientific, educational, and organizational activity in the field of training medical personnel. The aim of the research is to present the main stages in the development of the Department of Foreign Languages with Latin and Medical Terminology. Methods of the research. Chronological, historical and method of system analysis were used in the present article. Presentation of the research material. The lecturer of German E.O. Mayevska became the first head of the Department of Foreign Languages of Kharkiv Stomatological Institute. At that time, the staff of the department comprised four lecturers. Later on, the department was headed by O.O. Biletska, whereas I.M. Kovtunov taught Latin.
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The article discusses the main stages of using wireless devices and wireless data transfer technologies in medicine. Purpose of the study: to analyse the implementation history, the use of wireless computerised devices for medical diagnosis and monitoring of the human body. Research methods: descriptive, methodology for systematisation and classification of historical data on the introduction of wireless computerised devices in medicine. Scientific novelty lies in systematising the connection between the development of wireless computerised devices and the use of new medical diagnostic and monitoring devices in medicine. The following trends can be distinguished in the history and development of wireless technologies in medicine. The first is that devices that have Bluetooth and Wi-Fi transmitters in medicine are used to share medical information: mobile accessibility to the patient's catalog, ability to transmit medical test results, output diagnostics directly to personal devices (smartphones , tablets, etc.). These devices help improve patient care. However, the considerable power of radio emission and power consumption imposes certain restrictions on the long-term use of these devices. The second trend is represented by a group of devices with data modules according to IEEEE 802.15.6 and IEEE 802.15.4, which by their energy parameters of radiation and energy consumption make it possible to create wireless monitoring, diagnostic equipment with long-term autonomous power supply, whose radius is connected with a central device, and allows the patient to move freely within the room, apartment, hospital ward. Conclusions: the use of wireless devices in medicine simplifies the process of diagnosing patients, creates more comfortable conditions for monitoring the state of the patient’s body and accelerates the processing of data on the state of the human body.
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According to Yu.V. Natochin, clinical nephrology and renal physiology were always in close cooperation, and physiological research was always dictated by the clinic’s requests. The collaboration between the clinic and physiological science in medicine lasted until the end of the 19th century. During the time of S.P. Botkin and I.M. Sechenov, doctors trained at the physiological laboratories of K. Ludwig and K. Bernard, and the congresses of doctors were called the congresses of naturalists and doctors, physiological laboratories were structural units of the clinics. Logy was still at the stage of development, the idea of renal processes and functions in its infancy, were competing in a relationship and common urine formation theory did not exist. The idea of medicine existed kidney gland as having secretory function products of nitrogen metabolism.
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The purpose of the study is to summarize the scientific conception of epochal way of establishing evidence-based medicine and substantiation of the methodological motive of the world successful medical practice for the doctor and the patient in the process of optimizing medical care in the conditions of tradition of the health care system of Ukraine to market principles. Material and methods of research has been performed retrospective, descriptive, chronological research. It is used also here aplication of historical, bibliographic, abstract, historical-comparative, logical-analytical methods, as well as methods of deductive awareness, analogy, synchronization, structural-logical analysis, taking into account the principles of systematic, while the material was available from available domestic, foreign scientific medical information sources of different origins, collected using electronic search Google according to package Microsoft Office 2016. Results. For the first time systematically scientifically substantiated many millennial epochal way of formation of evidence-based medicine, that allows the practitioner to be convinced and fully aware of the relevance of this successful medical practice in the context of the efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness of the medical service for the patient, the patient – of its quality, safety, financial capacity and minimization of risks in the treatment process, and the scientist – about improving the quality of scientific researches. Conclusions. The presented epochal way of formation of evidence-based medicine, The epoch-making path of becoming evidence-based medicine, as successful today in the world of medical practice, can fully contribute to the successful optimization of the medical care system, by enhancing the competence and flexibility of the practical actions of the doctor to medical innovations of evidentiary content, content of their introduction in the process of treatment, without understanding that the doctor is not able to qualitatively analyze scientific and medical information and raise professional level to the European standard.
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The aim. Research and study of the historical legacy of the development of medical aid organization in Galicia, the formation of hygiene science and public medical organizations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. on the example of the activity of a physician, protomedic of Galicia, state and public figure professor of Lviv University Jozef Merunovich. Material and methods. The study included available materials from the Danilo Halytskyi LNMU, Ivan Franko LNU, encyclopedic, journal and newspaper articles. Results. As a result of studying biographical data and researching the activities of Professor Jozef Merunovich, the European level of organization of the medical service of Galicia was determined, which was combined with the scientific cooperation of the Faculty of Medicine of Lviv University. In addition, the high level of public activity of doctors and health care professionals is evidenced by the presence of well-organized public organizations of physicians of Galicia in the 19th-20th centuries. Conclusions. Assessing the life of Professor Jozef Merunovich and analyzing his contribution to the development of hygiene and sanology as a medical science, the establishment of health care facilities, organizational skills as a public servant, public figure in the medical profile, we can say that the proper European level of organization of medical service in Galicia of the twentieth century, which was certainly continued and these results are still observed today.
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The book's review is going to present main features of the monograph by associate professor of the department of modern and contemporary times of the Chernivtsi State University named after Yuri Fedkovich I. Poddubny. The author of the peer-reviewed work examined the situation in Romania in the early years of the Great War, which concerned the search for opportunities to expand the territory, as a condition for participation in the war on the side of one of the blocs. Attention is drawn to both external and internal factors, namely: the confrontation in the country of “antantophiles” and “germanophiles”. In fact, the country's leadership decided to enter the war in order to ensure the unification of lands with the Romanian population. This process was also reflected in the work, as well as the creation of conditions for the establishment of the borders of the new state, which Romania became after December 1, 1918. The publication is designed for historians, researchers, graduate students, students and all readers interested in the modern history of European countries.
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The genealogy of alternative history is sure to go back to the genre matrix of the historical novel and the literary means of fantasy and science fiction. However, at the stage of its existence as a meta-genre, we see the interpenetration of the basic elements of poetics and genealogical coordinates also in the field of modern urban political prose, which are found in the artistic alternative of the post-postmodern novel as a genre segment. So, to establish the peculiarities of poetics and genre originality of the political novel of alternative history, such examples in Ukrainian literature “The Third Tertiary” by O. Menshov and “Look Who's Back” by Timur Vermes (germ. Timur Wermes “Er ist wieder da” ) have been compared. Historiography of the issue. Genealogically alternative history was formed based on the matrix of the historical novel (according to N. Kopystianska - even based on the English historiographical novel) and the formal markers and architectonic “puzzles” of the science-fiction novel. In the historical and literary key of temporality, the first actual examples of the novel of alternative history concern the early twentieth century in the United States, Canada, Western Europe and spread in the literature of the Slavic world in the mid-twentieth century, being actualized in Russian and far Eastern literature in the 70s of the twentieth century. In the second decade of the XXI century, historical alternative in fiction appeared and gained popularity in the middle-literature of Australia and Oceania. Thus, the history of alternative history in Europe and America is sure to go back to the genre matrix of the historical novel and the literary means of fantasy and science fiction. However, at the stage of its existence as a meta-genre, we see the interpenetration of the basic elements of poetics and genealogical coordinates also in the field of modern urban political prose, which are found in the artistic alternative of the post-postmodern novel as a genre segment.
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The purpose of the article. The article analyzes the choral works, based on the psalm texts, by Hanna Havrylets, the famous Ukrainian composer, laureate of the Shevchenko National Prize. Ukrainian composers of past epochs repeatedly referred to these texts, using them to create their choral concerts. In the works of H. Havrylets, the psalm texts receive a new musical interpretation, enriched by the modern interpretation of genre traditions and innovations of the musical language. The methodology of the research is a comprehensive approach to the study of this phenomenon. It is based on the reference to the historical and analytical methods. The historical method provides grounds for identifying several traditional features that can be found in choral concerts written over the past time. The analytical method allows making reasonable conclusions regarding the peculiarities of the implementation of the psalm texts in large concert compositions for the choir. The scientific novelty of the work is in resolving the range of issues by critically analyzing of already known regulations regarding the genre of a choral concert in the works of Ukrainian composers of past epochs and modernity. It is noted that in H. Havrylets’s choral works, based on the psalm texts, she offers different plot-dramaturgical and musical interpretation of the content of these texts, shifting attention from the individual to the general. The conclusions indicate that the subject of the article extends to the field of modern Ukrainian choral music and reflects one of its tendencies related to the interpretation and modernization of the long-standing traditions of choral singing in the musical art at the turn of XX – XXI centuries.
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The purpose of the work is to explore the stylistic features of the piano work of Ukrainian composers of the late twentieth century. and identify the impact of avant-garde trends in its development. The methodology is to apply the general scientific principle of objectivity, historical-logical, analytical, comparative and cultural-art methods in the study of the factors that led to the formation of new expressive means and stylistics in the work of Ukrainian composers of the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the work is to expand the representation of the piano work of Ukrainian composers of the late twentieth century, which became a separate and peculiar phenomenon in the development of musical art. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was found that piano composer work of Ukrainian artists of the late twentieth century. particularly reveals a process that was already partially underway in the 1970s - the selection, comprehension and rethinking of all elements of the so-called "radical" and softer, more traditional technique of musical composition by the Ukrainian authors, synthesizing these elements in their own individualized concepts.
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The paper aims to present and to analyze the elements of interest captured in an aerial photograph taken on 11.05.1944 by the German army above the area of Băiceni village, in whose perimeter is situated the eponymous settlement of the Cucuteni civilization. The published photograph represents an original historical document, which allows to describe the evolution of the phenomena and events which affected this important archaeological monument throughout the time.
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US organized crime appeared in Havana in the 1930s, as one of the results of the close collaboration between the governments of Cuba and the United States in the first decades of the 20th century. In this period, the Italian and Jewish groups of the American mafia played an important role in Cuban politics, society and the Cuban economy. This extraordinary cooperation, especially with Fulgencio Batista, ended with the arrival of Fidel Castro, although the mafia did not disappear without a trace from the life of Havana. The aim of my paper is to highlight the most important characteristics, mobsters and events of the presence of organized crime in Havana.
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In the years and months leading up to the October 1962 Cuban missile crisis, there was an intense US-Soviet military rivalry in air, space and under water. The present paper provides a detailed review of these developments. The second part of the paper is based on a 526-page memoir written by Soviet Army General Anatoly I. Gribkov, published in 1992 in German Gribkov worked in the general military staff during the missile crisis and was one of the few officers who had a near complete insight into the preparations made by the Soviets in Cuba. He was one of the officers that worked out the top secret Operation Anadyr that set out to deploy Soviet medium-range missiles in Cuba. Moreover, he also played a key role in controlling the deployment of missiles on the island. The memoir of the Soviet marshal reveals to the reader a number of details and behind-the-scenes secrets. (Gribkov held the post of Chief of Staff of the Warsaw Treaty from 1976 to 1989.)
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Since they achieved national independence, the people of Latin America have fought to abolish their subordination to external power, to do away with structural crisis, to create economical self-determination and political sovereignty. In different historical periods, different strategies, modernizations, models and responses came into being in order to reach these goals. These strategies, models and responses have also had a great influence on the development of political theory. As its starting-point, this study takes the book ‘Guerrilla Warfare’ by Ernesto Che Guevara, which summarizes the continental experience of the Cuban revolution through a special system of categories. Moreover, the study surveys the process of six decades which led to the system of new transversal categories.
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Thomas Tunstall Allcock: Thomas C. Mann. President Johnson, the Cold War, and the Restructuring of Latin American Foreign Policy. Lexington, University Press of Kentucky, 2018. 295 pp.
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The scientific development in the USSR has come a long way. Despite all the obstacles posed during its formation and development, it has reached a reasonably high level by the mid-1980s. This achievement was mainly in the natural and technical sciences. The progress was determined by the USSR’s desire to keep the palm in space exploration, nuclear physics, petrochemistry, and other sciences of strategic importance for the country’s development. In these areas, contacts were established with world scientific centers and exchange of scientific achievements took place. As a result, Soviet scientists became winners of prestigious international awards, including the Nobel Prizes. As for the humanities and especially the social sciences, the dominance of Marxist-Leninist ideology and the corresponding interpretation of historical events significantly affected the development of Soviet sciences and reaching the world level quality. Until the mid-1990s, political history as an area of science of history, practically, did not exist. The “History of the CPSU” and the “History of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan” virtually monopolized the multifaceted nature of political themes, reducing it to the apologetics of the party history. Everything changed with the beginning of ‘Perestroika’ and ‘Glasnost’ (the officially announced publicity policy). As a result, the previously unknown pages of the past of the country and national republics became public. Almost every day, there were sensational publications of various authors published by popular magazines and newspapers, which also printed previously classified documents from historical archives. Traditional historical researchers and academicians were in shock. It was not easy for historians to abandon the 70-year-old account of history tied to ideological dogmas; the crisis associated with the loss of orientation was overcome with great difficulty and mainly by young historians. In the late 1980s, foreign historians, who studied the history of Azerbaijan, began visiting the country. Until that time, their existence was known only to a narrow circle of historians, who worked with foreign literature in specialized repositories of local and central libraries. For the first time, Azerbaijani historians left the USSR in 1990, when a conference was held at the University of London on the history of the South Caucasus. The event was attended by historians from Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, as well as the so-called Sovietologists - scientists from Great Britain, the USA, and France. It is symbolic that in the same year in Moscow the last all-Union conference on political history was held. The event was attended by scientists from the Soviet republics, which declared independence the following year.
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The patrimonialization of the communist past in post-communist Romania is a twofold phenomenon: one the one hand, communism was demonized while its victims celebrated as martyrs, and, on the other, it was thrown away to the dustbin of history without comments. The last approach, promoted by neo-communists, was meant to hide the responsibility of theirs ancestors in perpetrating victimhood upon the Romanian nation. What were theirs strategies and concrete actions in achieving the wanted results are the main concerns of my article. It investigates how monuments, memorials and museums were instrumental in forging a politicized/ideological suitable image of the communist past. Furthermore, the laws, institutions, commemorative practices and rituals are analyzed in order to see what was at stake in creating them and who were the promoters of the narratives which lead to such creations.
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The paper deals with one of the highland regions of Eastern Georgia - Tusheti, which represents a geoeconomic and ethnocultural phenomenon from a scientific and worldview perspectives. The research sheds light on ideological influences on the socio-economic and the cultural situation of Tusheti from the 1930s to the present day, a number of shortcomings and consequences of Soviet economic reforms, and on its backdrop. The Tush people, uncontented with the system joined an anti-Soviet organization linking the idea of Georgia's independence to the European countries. The centuries-old model of life based on communal relations, setting up on the democratic principles (the right to private property, equality, freedom of speech) was destroyed by Soviet ideological pressure. These principles naturally merged with European values. For centuries, Tusheti, placed in the geostrategic area was of great importance not only for the security of the region, but it also was a natural bridge in connecting the Eurasian cultures. Its strategic importance was particularly increased in the post-Soviet period. The contours of the geostrategic location of this region was revealed exactly in this period. The importance of the sustainable development of Tusheti has transcended national and state boundaries and has come under international environmental frameworks, which have laid the foundation for adapting traditional knowledge and experience with modern international standards and irreversible processes of cooperation. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, historical sources, and field materials, I conclude that the elements of the pro-Western orientation that affects Georgia have been felt in Tusheti from social and cultural viewpoints. Integration into European culture is of great importance for the preservation and further development of Tusheti cultural heritage.
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After the 1960s the international tourism was developed as an important economic branch of Eastern European countries and space where the economic interests, ideol-ogy, consumption, and social policies were entangled. In this study, I will undertake a historic-anthropological analysis of international tourism in Bulgaria in the time of late socialism, which is based on a case study of Borovetz, the biggest Bulgarian mountain resort during socialism. The research question addressed are: how the re-gime was trying to establish legitimacy through tourism – among Bulgarian citizens and internationally, which is the role of the ideological confrontation with the West in the period of the Cold War and which are the leading strategies in the management and the work culture in the branch of international tourism at that time.
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Review of the book The Socialist Good Life. Desire, Development, and Standards of Living in Eastern Europe, edited by Cristofer Scarboro, Diana Mincytė, Zsuzsa Gille, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2020, 244 p.
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