THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE LIBRARIES TO ALBERTO MANGUEL AND HOUARI TOUATI

Author(s): Paul-Cristian Albu / Language(s): French Issue: 39/2024

I am writing this article, because my intention is to present how could be imagined the library to Alberto Manguel and Houari Touati. Our purpose is to define the general concept of library and to understand its evolution during the centuries. Also, by making reference to the Egyptian writer Houari Touati and the writer from Latin America Alberto Manguel, we can see how the libraries were precious and the different manner when it comes to examinate this notion in contemporaneity. Also, it is essential to note that library played an important role and was observed as a precious or elevated manner to understand the social relations during the Islamic Gold Age and in our times, in the Post-Christian World. I will use the technique of close reading the books The Enchanted Library and The Armour of the Wisdom for a better analyse of the concept of library both during the Middle Ages and Contemporaneity.

AN ANALYSIS THROUGH THE GREEN LENS OF ROBERT FROST’S POETRY

Author(s): Andrei Dimitrie Borcan / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

This article analyses Robert Frost’s poetry through the ecocritical lens, it discovers in a large number of poems similar structures as scenes or monologues, all with a moral, which tries hard not to be elusive. Greg Garrard’s ecocritical tropes (“Wilderness”, “Apocalypse”, “Pastoral”, “Animal”, “The Earth”) are all identifiable in Frost’s poetry... Serenella Iovino and Serpil Oppermann’s ‛material ecocriticism’, ‘beings’, ‛porosity’ and ‛storied nature’, coexist with Stacy Alaimo’s ‛transcorporeality’ of nature in these works. It discovers a number of hyperobjects corresponding to Timothy Morton’s work on the matter.

(SELF-)ISOLATION AS FORM OF SOLITUDE IN THE HERMIT BY EUGÈNE IONESCO AND THE DEAD [CITY OF] BRUGES BY GEORGES RODENBACH

Author(s): Alexandru N. Lazea / Language(s): French Issue: 39/2024

(L’(auto)isolement comme forme de la solitude dans Le Solitaire d’Eugène Ionesco et Bruges-la-Morte de Georges Rodenbach) This article pursues the progression of two characters, the Loner from the novel entitled The Hermit by Eugène Ionesco, who is a French playwright, and Hugues from the novel The Dead [City of] Bruges written by the Belgian author Georges Rodenbach. Even though both novels are appurtenant to two different literary movements, a common characteristic can be easily deciphered in both of them: the theme of solitude. This theme is particularly portrayed in Occidental literature and its origins are even dating from ancient times, included in the writings of the Bible and before (The Epic of Gilgamesh, for example). The character created by Ionesco is the living representation of a loner. This evidence can also be sustained by the character’s name. After inheriting a large amount of money from his American uncle, a 35-year-old man decides to give up his workplace and move to a new apartment in the southern outskirts of Paris. Rodenbach’s character Hugues is also a true loner. After his wife’s death he isolates himself from everyone, therefore his desolation starts to become so overwhelming and frightening that he cannot escape it. Being portrayed as an analogous study, the article pursues the manifestation of solitude in both novels opened for evaluation.

BETWEEN RELIGIOUS FAITH AND SCIENCE - WALKER PERCY

Author(s): George Costin Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

The combination of science and faith is a comprehensive view of both subjective and objective reality. Through the choices that the human being makes, he not only gives the measure of his freedom but can also build his self-destruction. In the modern world, where the material occupies an increasingly important place, this self-destruction can take various forms. Through the bad decisions that people make, they can weaken the self and fall into the abyss of depression. Faith offers a counterweight to this self-destructive capacity because understanding the belonging to a more comprehensive whole, creates a much stronger individual and responsible for his own decisions. If we understand that our decisions do not only concern us, but also bring the destiny of others into the equation, the human being becomes a responsible one.

REWRITING AND REPURPOSING MYTH: WASHINGTON IRVING’S “RIP VAN WINKLE”

Author(s): Daniel Nedelcu / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2024

Rewriting myths enables authors to connect new, contemporary significations to existing mythical frameworks. Washington Irving built one of the first American myths in narrative form, Rip van Winkle, on an older German folktale, which turns out to be just one of the many iterations of the myth of the Sleeper. By constellating the myth of the birth of their national identity to a mythical system, Irving legitimizes the transition from the colonial era to the post-revolutionary one as a natural stage in history, the result of historical confluences being a new, improved consciousness, the American. Through subtle dynamic characterization, Rip, the national (anti-)hero, becomes the protype for Self-Reliance, decades before it was theorized by Emerson, as well as that of American Exceptionalism, while also subverting hegemonic interpretations of the American Dream.

RELIGIOUSLY INSPIRED SHORT STORIES OF VICTOR PAPILIAN

Author(s): Ingrid Cezarina-Elena Ciochină / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The religious substratum plays a primary role in Victor Papilian's work. Present from the beginning and up to the end in his writings, the religious of mystical-Christian origin has multiple valences, being each and every time renewed and endowed with unusual means of approach: from the archaic miraculous, specific to local traditions, to the appeal to numerous biblical sources and Christian practices. All around the religious sphere is usually a mysterious, symbolic cover, which implies the gradually revelation through the (re)discovery of an ancient substratum, rooted in Romanian folk tradition and practice.

FLORISTIC LIST AND ETYMOLOGICAL COMMENTS BASED ON CASES OF FOLK PLANT ETYMOLOGY

Author(s): Andrei-Ionuț Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The aim of this article is to present, in the form of a floristic inventory, cases of phytonyms resulted by folk etymology, how the phytonymic terms are transparent from the perspective of the theory of the linguistic sign motivation and how they are related to the extralinguistic, how the individual creations manage to spread on a more or less restricted territory.

RENEGOTIATING THE IMAGE OF EMINESCU TODAY

Author(s): Alexandra Măriuca Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 39/2024

The text explores how the image of the poet Mihai Eminescu is perceived today, emphasizing that this process of re-evaluation is due to a desire to re-evaluate the cultural past and to adapt to new generations with different interests and perspectives. Although Eminescu is considered a "great national poet", interest in his works remains alive. In his work, Iulian Costache proposes a new image of the poet, trying to place him once again at the forefront of the literary canon. Costache explores different aspects of reception, including both positive and negative valorizations of Eminesci's work. He analyzes different perspectives and explores the impact of literary interpretations on the poet's image. The work compares and contrasts literary personalities such as Eminescu and Caragiale, introducing concepts such as the contrasts of mutual attraction. Costache aims to offer a new reading experience, inviting a re-evaluation of Eminescu's work, not for the sake of a simple polemic, but as an act of interpretation and understanding of a literature that continues to fascinate.

Mojžiš modliaci sa so zdvihnutými rukami (Ex 17,11) ako predobraz Ukrižovania v starokresťanskej exegéze

Author(s): Helena Panczová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

In Christian exegesis, Moses praying with uplifted hands (Ex 17:11) became a prefiguration of Christ on the cross. Although the ancient prayer gesture was raising hands, not stretching them out sideways, there are some exegetical texts based on this supposition. Origen, however, pointed out that such interpretation was semantically incorrect – though he preserves the Christological meaning of the gesture. Analysis of ancient texts confirms that the symbolic parallel between Moses’ prayer gesture and the crucifixion was precisely in the lifting, the upward motion. So, the polysemous verb ἐκτείνω used in this context should be translated as “raise, lift”.

ТУМАЧЕЊЕ ХЕЛДЕРЛИНОВЕ ХИМНЕ НА ИЗВОРУ ДУНАВА

Author(s): Miodrag Loma / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

In seiner Hymne Am Quell der Donau, sowie in seinem einige Jahre später verfass ten hymnischen Fragment Ister, das er mit dem altgriechischen Flussnamen betitelte, stellt Hölderlin die geistige Begegnung zwischen Europa und Asien dar, die durch die ostwärts fließende Donau vermittelt wird. Durch seine Begeisterung vom Geist/„Genius“ der „Mutter Asia“, der durch das „tausendjährige“ prophetische und dichterische „Echo“ ihrer Stimme stromaufwärts bis hin zur Donauquelle gelangt, wird Hölderlin an jenem Ort zum geweihten Dichter und Propheten. Alle heiligen Helden, Propheten und Dichter des Altertums waren vor Hölderlin begeisterte Träger und Übermittler des asiatischen Geistes und somit auch die Verkünder von Asien als ursprünglichem Mutterschoß. Hölderlins „Mutter Asia“ ist „Mutter Natur“ als heilige paradiesische Erde, aus der der erste Mensch geschaffen wurde. Insofern ist Asien die Quelle der göttlichen Offenbarungen für alles Irdisch-Menschliche. Hölderlin weist den Weg auf, auf dem die paradiesische, gottoffenbarende Stimme Asiens sich im Laufe der Jahrtausende durch ihr prophetisches und dichterisches Widerhallen von Osten nach Westen ausbreitete. Über Zeit und Raum hinweg überträgt dieses Echo „die menschenbildende Stimme“ Gottes, sein schöpferisches Wort, das er als Vater der Menschheit am Anfang der irdisch-menschlichen Welt an die Erde richtete und mit dem Er aus der Erde den ersten Menschen schuf, als von Gott geliebtes und Gott dienendes Wesen, und die Menschheit als liturgische Gemeinde aus Gottes Kindern, vollkommen empfänglich für jede göttliche Anwesenheit in ihrer Welt. Nachdem aber die Prophezeiungen verstummten, blieb deren Widerhall dauerhaft in der heiligen Schrift bewahrt. Doch stellt die menschliche Stumpfheit und Unempfindlichkeit für all Göttliches in der Welt ein Hindernis dar, die Offenbarungen aus der heilig-schriftlichen Überlieferung aufzufassen. Hölderlin und eine kleine Gruppe seiner dichterischen Genossen bemühten sich jedoch um ein richtiges und unerschütterlich festes Verständnis der heiligen Schrift und beharrten auf ihrer poetisch-liturgischen Aufgabe, die göttliche Wahrheit in einer gottlosen Welt unaufhörlich zu festigen, und zwar ungeachtet des Leides, das ihnen eine solche Welt durch ihren Widerstand zufügen möge.

ВЕЉКО МИЛИЋЕВИЋ И ГИ ДЕ МОПАСАН: ЈЕДНА МОГУЋА ПАРАЛЕЛА

Author(s): Jelena V. Jovanović,Stanislav R. Stanković,Selena Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Par le biais d’une analyse littéraire et traductologique examinée d’une manière parallèle, nous avons essayé de répondre sous divers aspects à certaines questions provoquées par la relation créative entre Veljko Milićević et Guy de Maupassant. L’impulsion, venue de la traduction du conte français Le Horla faite par Milićević et d’une courte note avant la traduction, s’est avérée très fructueuse, révélant que l’écrivain serbe était un bon connaisseur des langues serbe et française, des circonstances littéraires françaises, mais aussi un destinataire attentif des œuvres de Maupassant. En transférant Le Horla de sa version française à la version serbe, les valeurs du contenu, les qualités stylistiques et expressives de l’original et en évoquant ainsi l’atmosphère originale d’inquiétude et d’inconfort, Milićević a réussi à rapprocher les lecteurs serbes du début du 20e siècle de la poétique de la littérature moderne de l’Europe occidentale à l’époque, en s’inspirant en même temps de cette poétique. Ce n’est pas un hasard si l’attention de l’analyse traductologique est dirigée vers les unités linguistiques qui dans Le Horla désignent des phénomènes inhabituels, miraculeux et magiques, le sentiment de peur, d’horreur et d’appréhension, l’état d’anxiété et d’hallucinations, l’inconscient et l’irrationnel – elles représentent les points nodaux de la stratification esthétique, sémantique et émotionnelle du texte. Le travail de traduction a évidemment incité Milićević à relier plus étroitement sa poétique de Bespuće, créée trois ans après la traduction du Horla, à Maupassant. L’analyse comparative détaillée a montré que le jeune écrivain a tiré de la nouvelle le noyau thématique et idéologique, les procédures de caractérisation psychologique, l’accent mis sur le monde intérieur du héros dont les actions étaient complètement libérées de la motivation réaliste qui prévalait jusque-là ; Milićević suit également la voie du pessimisme maupassantien, un peu celle du naturalisme, jusqu’à certaines fines particularités stylistiques.

Honouring Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in Poetry – Jacob Masen and His Collection of Poems for the Nuncio Fabius Chigi

Author(s): Jarosław Nowaszczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2024

The German Jesuit Jacob Masen published a treatise in 1650, “The Mirror of Images of Secret Truth” (Speculum imaginum veritatis occultae), to which he appended a collection of panegyric poems with the common title Jubilee Year of Symbols (Jubilaeus symbolicus). The poet dedicated 50 works to the Apostolic Nuncio Fabius Chigi, later Pope Alexander VII. The paper presents this particular collection of poems, which bear witness to the ancient custom of honouring ecclesiastical dignitaries in poetry to commemorate them. The paper discusses the circumstances in which the poems were written and the method used by the author to highlight the personal qualities and achievements of the nuncio, taking into account the formal and content means used by the writer.

Рубриката „Хоризонти“ през годините

Author(s): Bulgarica Editorial Board / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Национална научна конференция „Образът на жената в литературата“

Author(s): Boryana Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

Александър Наумов на 75 години

Author(s): Krassimir Stantchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 49/2024

ПРВИ РЕЧНИК ЛИЧНИХ НАДИМАКА У СРПСКОЈ ЛИНГВИСТИЦИ

Author(s): Brankica Đ. Marković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Голуб Јашовић, Милица Дејановић, Душан Стефановић. Речник личних надимака Срба са Косова и Метохије. Косовска Митровица: Филозофски факултет Универзитета у Приштини са привременим седиштем у Косовској Митровици, 2023, 430 стр.

MOЖEMO ЛИ ВOЛETИ ПOEЗИJУ КOJУ НE РAЗУMEMO?

Author(s): Dunja S. Dušanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

Review of: Tихoмир Брajoвић. Tумaчeњe лирскe пeсмe: oд тeoриje дo интeрпрeтaтивнe прaксe. Нoви Сaд: Aкaдeмскa књигa, 2022, 256 стр.

„Mamo, my nie jesteśmy nędznikami z Belsen! Ale mogliśmy być i bylibyśmy…”. Philipa Rotha kłopot z Ocaleniem

Author(s): Piotr Weiser / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

This essay is an attempt to understand the problem of surviving the Holocaust in Philip Roth’s prose, starting from his Conversion (1958) to Indignation (2008). Survival is a topic that returns regularly in Roth’s novels and in various contexts (American, European, Israeli), and is also a diffuse topic. The author of the article proposes a detailed analysis of Roth’s plots from the titular angle, compares his statements about the Holocaust and survival, confronts them and interprets them, remaining, so to speak, inside the text.

Śmierć człowieka skomodyfikowanego we wspomnieniach „ostatniego czarnego ładunku”. Barracoon Zory Neale Hurston

Author(s): Aleksandra Piętka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The author of this paper examines Cudjo “Kossola” Lewis’ memoir, written down by Zora Neale Hurston in Barracoon: The Story of the Last „Black Cargo”, in the context of Stephanie Smallwood’s Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage From Africa to American Diaspora to describe the process of commodification of Cudjo and Africans who arrived in the USA in 1860 onboard Clotilda, the last known slave ship. The author analyzes the subsequent phases of changing Kossola’s subjective status and social death in Africa and the country of forced emigration. Also, the article presents Kossola’s means for integrating into America’s social structure following Emancipation.

Pamiętnik chasydki, czyli Reszimas zichrojnes Chany Schneersohn

Author(s): Jadwiga Czeska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article is an analysis of a Hasidic ego-document written in Yiddish by Chana Schneerson (1880–1964). A case study of the diary of an Orthodox author, set in the broader context of female intimacy and the rules of the Hasidic world, allows for the extraction and description of the female experience encoded in it. The text is an attempt to deal with the specificity of autobiography, written from the inside of an Orthodox community, in which the issues of self-censorship, gender, religion and emigration play an important role.