Výzkum úrovně dekódování a porozumění textu u žáků 2. stupně základních škol

Author(s): Ivana Gejgušová,Radana Metelková Svobodová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The study evaluates the results of a research the aim of which was to verify the usability of a reading assessment instrument designed to determine the level of reading technique and text comprehension among pupils of the 6th to 8th grades of primary schools. Data on reading speed, eye movements and reading accuracy were obtained using an eye tracker. The research investigation confirmed the usability of the reading assessment instrument for both determining the level of reading technique and text comprehension in the monitored age category of primary school pupils, and for evaluating the reading performance of pupils with a specific learning disability.

Od pochopenia k porozumeniu textu

Author(s): Zuzana Kováčová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

Understanding the read text is the first step to comprehending it. The meaning of what is read relates to the mental model of the percipient – the pupil in lower secondary education. Understanding the meaning is mainly connected to the experience of the subject. Comprehension is of vector nature and is aimed at internalizing the meaning or sense. The ability to interpret or to improvise on what has been read is an external manifestation of comprehension. The article is focused on the analysis of questions to texts that are part of the textbooks of various school subjects. These questions should prompt students to produce their secondary texts. A secondary text reflects the comprehension of the read text and provides a scaffold to its free interpretation. The study identifies the questions or instructions into two categories: non-complex and complex. The object of the research is to compare questions or instructions which prompt to produce secondary text in older and recent history and chemistry textbooks. The study is based on the assumption that reading comprehension is crucial for success in various fields. It is anticipated that communication competences are formed not only in the classes of native language, but also in the teaching of all disciplines. The goal was to identify the reflection of the textbook texts in terms of questions and tasks that serve as a tool leading to text comprehension. The analyses show that mutual compatibility of text and questions was higher in the older textbooks, and that complex questions or instructions were prevalent.

„Paralelní psaní“ a proces konstituování „literárního faktu“. Případ korespondence Ludvíka Vaculíka s Helenou Bukovanskou v době dokončování románu Český snář

Author(s): Hana Kosáková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

Using material from the mutual correspondence between Ludvík Vaculík and Helena Bukovanská, this study aims to shed light on some aspects of the genesis of the novel Český snář [A Czech Dreambook] and Vaculík’s artistic method in general. A number of practices from the field of correspondence permeate the writer’s original artistic work. The constitution of literary fact is shown through three kinds of textual and thematic intersections between personal letters and the novel: separate texts dealing with the same theme, paraphrases, and finally, on the basis of two letters which, after the modifications analysed in the study, went into the final text of the novel.

Porozumením k rozvíjaniu porozumenia čítaného textu

Author(s): Ľudmila Liptáková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The article discusses the importance of reading comprehension for children's education and self-realization, emphasizing the need for effective educational content and methods. It highlights the challenges in teaching reading in Slovakia, noting the gap between theoretical research and practical application. The article references significant contributions by experts like O. Zápotočná, who advocated for early literacy development and natural approaches to literacy in preschool education. It also addresses the need for balancing decoding skills with comprehension of spoken language, citing the Simple View of Reading model. The article calls for a more diverse range of reading materials in primary education, including informational texts, to better develop children's comprehension skills. It concludes by stressing the importance of integrating scientific knowledge into teaching practices and the need for comprehensive methodological support for educators.

Bridelova Vita Sancti Ivani a svatoivanský grafický jednolist. Zpráva téměř nálezová

Author(s): Marie Škarpová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2024

The aim of this article is to draw attention to two facts: 1) some copies of Fridrich Bridel’s Vita Sancti Ivani (1656) contain an inset broadsheet depicting the legend on St. Ivan, 2) this broadside was published in 1795 separately, in a text-expanded Czech-German-Latin form. The broadside on St. Ivan from 1795 is (so far) one of the few pieces of evidence of the publication of rather typographically ambitious broadsheets in the Czech lands in the 18th century in vernacular languages and encourages the study of this type of early modern single-sheet publications containing picture stories.

МОДЕЛ ОБРАДЕ ТЕКСТА ПОМОЋУ ДОМИНАНТНОГ КЊИЖЕВНОГ ЛИКА (МОГУЋНОСТИ ПРИМЈЕНЕ НА ПРИМЈЕРУ ЕПСКЕ ПЈЕСМЕ БОЛАНИ ДОЈЧИН)

Author(s): Dušan M. Pejić,Branka R. Brčkalo / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

Modern methods of teaching and its practice insist of modernization literature lessons by using different models according to the content of the lesson. They should be immanent to each other. This research is about model of analyzing the text by using the main character. Also, it shows the applicability of this model to the teaching lessons of Serbian epic poetry. In this research it is applied on the poem Ailing Dojčin / Bolani Dojčin. The usage of this method shows some relevant results. It increases the level of creativity while teaching and points out creative potentials of this model. The aim of this work is to make the content of the lessons of traditional literature more approachable, undestandable and interesting to the students. One of the conclusions is that focusing on the main character while teaching directly leads to the essence of this poem, but indirectly to the some more. It indicates the complexity of typification and individualisation epic characters, which is the point of students understanding and experiencing epic poetry. Only by regular process students can solve the problem and completely understand the text by themselves.

ПOЈАМ БАЈКЕ У ЧЕТВРТОМ РАЗРЕДУ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ

Author(s): Elma Azemović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

Students meet the concept of a fairy tale in the second grade of elementary school. They get acquainted with the folk tale and its characteristics. Folk tales have stereotypical beginnings, frequent numbers 3,5,7,9,12, supernatural and miraculous beings appear, the main character always has to cross several obstacles in order to achieve the goal, they always end happily, etc. Unlike folk tales, in which the author is unknown, in autros, the writer is known exactly, they do not always end happily, the characters mostly have names and the psychological and physical structure of the characters is more developed. By comparing and analyzing, students notice the differences and similarities of folk and aturous fairy tales. Understanding a fairy tale in the right way depends on the analysis itself, but also on how it is presented in textbooks. The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and compare folk and author's fairy tales in textbooks from different publishers for the 4th grade.

О МОГУЋНОСТИМА КОРЕЛАЦИЈА СА СТРУЧНИМ ПРЕДМЕТИМА У НАСТАВИ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА И КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ У СРЕДЊИМ СТРУЧНИМ ШКОЛАМА (ТУРИСТИЧКИ И УГОСТИТЕЉСКИ ПРОФИЛИ)

Author(s): Milica S. Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

The subject of this paper is teaching Serbian Language and Literature in secondary vocational schools, educating students in fields of tourism and catering. Considering the peculiarities of secondary vocational education and teaching requirements oriented towards the outcomes, we tried to examine the correlation potential of teaching Serbian Language and Literature, through analytical-comparative approach to educational programmes for the following profiles: Waiter, Confectioner, Culinary Technician and Tourism-Hotel Technician. We also tended to point out the contents which are suitable for correlation. The analysis showed that the incorporation of sequences of vocational subject materials into the teaching of Serbian Language and Literature is possible in all grades. Furthermore, it showed that Language and Language Culture modules provide more opportunities for interdisciplinary correlation, than the Literature module. It was concluded that the simultaneous application of knowledge in different fields, in Serbian Language and Literature classes, would contribute to the professional development of students. The implications in this paper are related to teaching practice.

„За декадентите по-нататък“: българската литература в сп. „Славянский мир“

Author(s): Tilde Geerardyn,Raymond Detrez / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

The Russian literary periodical Slavyanskij mir appeared 14 times between December 1908 and May 1911. It functioned as a vehicle for the progressive wing of the neoslavic movement on the eve of the First World War, but also aimed to inform its readers about the cultural life, and especially the literature, of the Slavic peoples. Bulgarian literature plays a limited but remarkable role in Slavyansky mir. Instead of great classical writers like Ivan Vazov, young modernist writers like Pencho Slaveykov, Ivan Andreychin, and Petko Yu. Todorov are well represented. This peculiar selection mainly shows the hand of Sirak Skitnik, a student of graphic arts in Saint Petersburg who was closely acquainted with the symbolist movement in Bulgaria. Most translations at the time are done by Alexander Shishmanov, a student of Arab languages with a special interest in contemporary literature. The contributions by Skitnik and Shishmanov reinforced the progressive quality of the periodical.

Приносът на Йозеф Юнгман за изграждането на чешкия книжовен език

Author(s): Emiliya Makedonska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

The era of Czech National Revival took place between 1770 and 1850. This was the time of formation and affirmation of Czech science. Language was considered as a mark of the nation. J. Jungmann continued the work of J. Dobrovsky. However, in practice he diverged from Dobvrovsky’s classic concept of literary language. J. Jungmann’s views on literary Czech language are a continuation of the efforts of the first generation of Czech revivals. Jungmann’s work, as well as that of his followers, can be considered as a stage in which the social possibilities of the Czech language expand through a complete transformation of the language system.

Юлиуш Словацки – мистичният демиург

Author(s): Dimitrina Hamze / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

Mystical philosophy focused on the grandiose and inceptive work of the Spirit, with its evolutionary and transformative power, essentially has a demiurgic basis and a demiurgic “characterology”. The romantic poet under the influence of the Muse – as well as, and even especially, the mystic poet – is endowed with demiurgic functions in several ways. They parallel and synchronize each other, creating a “multiple” and polyphonic demiurgic; they compose a somewhat demiurgic “map” of the World. The purpose of the present study is to trace these manifestations of the demiurgic activity of the poetic subject in the mystical space of its creativity.

Неологизмите в поезията на Болеслав Лешмян в превод на български език

Author(s): Steliana Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

The article is dedicated to the neologisms in the poetry of Polish poet Bolesław Leśmian and the way they have been translated into the Bulgarian language. At the beginning, some of the distinguishing features of the poetic text are noted, then the concept of neologism is discussed. The work of Leśmian is presented and the characteristic features of his poetry are cited, among which is the use of many newly created words. The translated reception of the poet in Bulgaria is traced, difficulties in translation associated with the use of neologisms are mentioned, and the way they have been translated into Bulgarian is analyzed.

Поезията на Пейо Яворов на славянски езици

Author(s): Zhorzheta Cholakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

The article offers an overview of the book publications, both individual and collective, through which Yavorovʼs literary existence is shaped in an international Slavic context. Based on rich empirical material, the general and specific characteristics of the publishing projects are analyzed, as well as the dominant creative profiles of the translators involved. Monopersonal editions of Yavorovʼs poetry exist only in West Slavic and East Slavic contexts, the first being the Polish book collecting Wanda Smochowska’s translations. In the countries of the former Yugoslavia, however, his poems have been presented only in literary periodicals and in anthologies of Bulgarian literature. Thus, the paradoxical situation of the South Slavic reception becomes apparent: although the first translation of Yavorov appeared in Serbian (the poem Armenians from 1904), there are still no separate editions of his lyrics in Serbian, Croatian, and Slovenian.

Ярослав Хашек. Разкази

Author(s): Jaroslav Hašek / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 31/2023

Translation from Czech by Nina Todorova

СУД О ДИДАКТИКАМА РАСУЂИВАЊА

Author(s): Teodora Todović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Review of: Radović, Vera (2021): Didactics of reasoning I, On fundamental concepts and subject of study. Belgrade, Faculty of Education, 195 pages & Radović, Vera (2021): Didactics of reasoning II, On the development of teaching and didactics throughout history. Belgrade, Faculty of Education, 360 pages

ЕПСКА И ЛИРСКА СНАГА КОЊА У ПРОГРАМСКИМ ТЕКСТОВИМА ЗА СРПСКИ ЈЕЗИК

Author(s): Tanja Kunarac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

The paper discusses the role of the horse as a character in popular literature. It aims to demonstrate the often overlooked significance of the horse in works of popular epic and lyric poetry, stories and traditions. Special attention is devoted to Šarac, the horse of Marko Kraljević. Šarac cries, shows anger, drinks wine and has premonitions of Marko's death. Analysis of the works in which Šarac and other horses appear demonstrates their significance to the hero as a symbol and essential component of the hero's image, but also draws attention to other qualities and roles - the horse as power, comfort, source of sadness, loyalty, desire, trophy, apple of discord, beauty, pride, obstacle, helper, source of danger, promise, etc.

Ян Неруда

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2022

Ян Амос Коменски. Centrum securitatis, тоест Глъбината на сигурността (Откъс)

Author(s): John Amos Comenius / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 30/2022

Translation from Czech by Nina Todorova

УЏБЕНИК ЧЕШКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА ДРУГИ РАЗРЕД

Author(s): Suzana Munćan / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Valentina Simidžija-Hoc, Tereza Stamenković: Česky jazyk s prvky národní kultury na druhem ročniku zakladni školy - Češki jezik sa elementima nacionalne kulture (za drugi razred osnovne škole), Beograd, Zavod za udžbenike, 2017

ОБРАДА БАЈКЕ О ЛАБУДУ ДЕСАНКЕ МАКСИМОВИЋ У ДРУГОМ РАЗРЕДУ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ

Author(s): Zorica Cvetanović,Neda Jević,Ivana Stojkov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

The subject of research in this paper are the methodic possibilities of interpretation of The fairy tale about the swan, which is a compulsory school lesson in the second grade of primary school. More fairy tales by Desanka Maksimović are in the domestic lecturer for this grade, so in the first part of the paper the basics of poetics and methodical significance of fairy tales by our writer are given, and then theoretical topics for interpretation The fairy tale about the swan by Desanka Maksimović are brought. In the first and second grade of primary school when anylizing a fairy tale, it is methodic justified to use logical units that focus students' attention on parts of the text. In addition, during the interpretation, a text plan is created, which serves in the synthesis and for retelling. The aim of the paper is a methodical presentation of the processing of a fairy tale by logical units in the second grade of primary school on the example of The fairy tale about the swan by Desanka Maksimović.