Recenze

Author(s): Ivo Cerman,Lenka Martínková,Kateřina Horníčková,Rostislav Smíšek,Vladimir Panov,Josef Hrdlička,Václav Bůžek,Josef Čížek,Ondřej Lee Stolička,Markéta Skořepová,Kateřina Pražáková,Josef Grulich / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2020

This paper contains bellow listed book reviews: 1. Tošnerová, Marie a Květová, Miroslava. Paměť měst: narativní prameny k dějinám Prahy, Českých Budějovic a Litoměřic do roku 1800. Praha: Masarykův ústav a Archiv Akademie věd České republiky, v.v.i., 2019. 430 stran. Studie o rukopisech. Monographia, svazek XXII. ISBN 978-80-88304-21-0. 2. Hrachovec, Petr. Die Zittauer und ihre Kirchen (1300-1600): zum Wandel religiöser Stiftungen während der Reformation. [Leipzig]: Leipziger Universitätsverlag GmbH, 2019. 752 stran, strany 822-984, ii strany obrazových příloh. Schriften zur sächsischen Geschichte und Volkskunde, Band 61. ISBN 978-3-96023-073-1. 3. Pavelec, Petr, ed., Gaži, Martin, ed. a Hajná, Milena, ed. Ve znamení Merkura: šlechta českých zemí v evropské diplomacii. Vydání první. České Budějovice: Národní památkový ústav, 2020. 823 stran. ISBN 978-80-87890-31-8. 4. Boček, Pavel a kol. Moskva - Třetí Řím: od ideje k symbolu. Vydání první. Praha: NLN, 2019. 346 stran. ISBN 978-80-7422-582-6. 5. Hrubá, Michaela et al. Sola fide - Pouhou vírou: luterská šlechta na Ústecku a Děčínsku a její kulturní dědictví: katalog výstavy konané na zámku Děčíně 25. dubna - 30. září 2018. Vydání první. Dolní Břežany: Scriptorium, 2019. 287 stran. ISBN 978-80-7561-180-2. 6. Ronald G. Asch, Vor dem großen Krieg. Europa im Zeitalter der spanischen Friedensordnung 1598–1618, Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 2020, 446 s., ISBN 978-3-534-27222-8. 7. Kilián, Jan. Niklasberg 1618-1648: život a lidé v krušnohorském městě za třicetileté války. Vydání první. Praha: NLN, 2019. 314 stran, 8 nečíslovaných stran obrazových příloh. ISBN 978-80-7422-745-5. 8. Bakeš, Martin. Diplomatem v půlnoční zemi: zástupci Habsburků ve Švédském království mezi lety 1650 a 1730. Vydání první. Praha: Academia, 2020. 680 stran. Historie. ISBN 978-80-200-3040-5. 9. Jirková, Pavla. "Větší-li se, či menší mor": raně novověké morové epidemie v českých zemích. Vydání první. Praha: Odbor archivní správy a spisové služby MV v Tiskárně Ministerstva vnitra, p.o., 2019. 302 stran. ISBN 978-80-7616-045-3. 10. Malý, Tomáš. Obrazy a rituál: římské korunovace divotvorných Madon a koncept barokní kultury. Vydání první. Praha: NLN, 2019. 324 stran. ISBN 978-80-7422-691-5. 11. Konstantin Dimitrievič Bugrov – Michail Alexandrovič Kiselev, Естественное право и добродетель. Интеграция европейсково влияния в российскую политическую культуру XVIII. века, Ekaterinburg, Izdatelstvo uralskogo universiteta, 2016, 450 s., ISBN 978-5-7996-1980-0. 12. Dale K. van Kley, Reform Catholicism and the International Suppression of the Jesuits in Enlightenment Europe, New Haven–London, Yale University Press 2018, 370 s., ISBN 978-0-300-22846-5. 13. Nekvapil Jirásková, Šárka. Protoindustriální společnost: populační chování a životní strategie venkovského obyvatelstva severovýchodních Čech v 18. a 19. století. Vydání první. Pardubice: Univerzita Pardubice, 2019. 393 stran. ISBN 978-80-7560-261-9.

Краеведът Христо Фъргов – един живот, отдаден на Карлово

Author(s): Aleksandar Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The following contribution examines the life and activities of one of the greatest researchers of Karlovo’s history – Hristo G. Fargov (1895–1978). As a descendant of old families of Karlovo, he devoted his entire life to his hometown. The most prominent Bulgarian scientists who worked on various topics related to the town and the region of Karlovo, as well as a number of state institutions and institutes have fully benefited from his large-scale research, cultural, and public work. In the 20th century, there was almost no researcher working on Karlovo, to whom Hristo Fargov did not help in every possible way with his vast knowledge, contacts and rich archive. However, until today he is almost unknown to the general public and to the professional historians. This article aims to revive the memory of this great citizen of Karlovo, public figure and researcher.

Андреас Либератос. Възрожденският Пловдив: трансформация, хегемония, национализъм

Author(s): Dobrinka Parusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Book review

Елеонора Наксиду. Европейското в българското балканско. Любен Каравелов, федерализмът и гърците. Атина: Александрия, 2021

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

Book Review

Печеливши и непечеливши избори в началото на балканската електрификация: случаите България и Сърбия

Author(s): Hristo Berov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

For a long timе, electrification has remained one of the main criteria for the modernization of life and living environment of large groups of the population in almost every part of the world. The Balkan countries are among the first to join this process and their experience is important for understanding it as a whole. This text is an attempt to compare the first private initiatives for the construction of powerplants in Bulgaria and Serbia at the end of XIX and the beginning of XX century. An emphasis is placed on the the entrepreneurs engaged in the implementation of the respective endeavors. The main goal is to shed some light on the “personality” factor as an important element of the modernization process. Apart from this, the research emphasizes the importance of concrete solutions for the successful realization of such complex industrial endeavors.

Историята като мъдрост

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

Конференция на тема „От Черната смърт до холерата. Борбата срещу епи- демиите в историческа перспектива, XIV – XIX век“

Author(s): Albena Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

Die bulgarische Armee und das Offizierskorps im Wandel (1887–1912) und der Beitrag von Fürst/König Ferdinand I

Author(s): Peter Stoyanovich / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2022

The period under study is conditioned by the author’s interest in the period of modernization and Europeanization of Bulgaria, coinciding with the peaceful years of the reign of Prince/King Ferdinand (1887–1912). These were two and a half decades of upsurge in practically all spheres of state development, which yielded brilliant results due to the united efforts of the Crown and the political class. Logically, this effective development not only did not pass by, but also manifested itself in the sphere of the armed forces, which had gone the long way of their modernization from a small and inexperienced army after the Liberation to the strongest militarily Christian state on the Balkan Peninsula on the eve of the Balkan Wars. Without pretending to be exhaustive, the study offers an overview of the development of the Bulgarian armed forces in the period 1887–1912 in the context of the reign of Prince Ferdinand. It deals with issues such as: the state of the army from the Liberation to the end of the Interregnum (1879–1887); the gradual positive change in the field of modernization of the material and training base of the soldiers and officers; the modern legislative activity of the time; the rearmament of all branches of the army using the most modern Western systems; the establishment of the Institute of Reserve Officers and of the Army Reserve Cadre; the training of officers and sergeants in Bulgaria and abroad (with emphasis on the posting of officers to Russian and Western European training establishments and academies). Important problems are not overlooked, such as the development and maintenance of the cavalry stock and base, the creation of military intelligence, the emergence and development of the problem of Bulgarian soldier and officer uniforms and their direct dependence on the foreign policy context of the time, etc. Among the main contributions of the study is the juxtaposition of the two first Bulgarian rulers, Prince Alexander I and Ferdinand I in their attitude to the military theme and its protagonists, both in practical and political terms. No less interesting is the consideration of the question of the attitude of the two heads of state towards the senior officers and their ability to lead and turn them into instruments of their aims and intentions.

Elena Alexandrova. Discipline and Everyday Life in the Policy of the IMARO (1893–1912). IVRAY Publishing House, 2020. 376 p.

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

Book Review

MERCHANTS AND CRAFTSMEN IN A CHANGING WORLD (MID-19th CENTURY)

Author(s): Marius Chelcu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The study aims to identify some of the worries, difficulties, and dissatisfactions experienced by certain categories of inhabitants within Moldavian towns. They had to face the changes brought to the economic system at the continental level, manifested in space which, from the 17th to the late 18th century, was under the overwhelming influence of the Ottoman economic system. Among the challenges experienced by the merchants and artisans in a changing world, such as that of the first half of the 19th century, I mention the organisation into guilds, the supremacy of the western economy, the first attempts to constitute a free market, as well as competition and protectionism. Such transformations influence individual and mostly group attitudes, through the invocation of old privileges and traditions or the protection of the representatives of local power or foreign consulates. They also invoked, in a rather confused manner at first, but then increasingly more clearly, the value of free trade. The disturbance of the old order and the volatility of the new one left traces in the files within various collections of the Archives in Iaşi; the study relies on these sources.

UNE CONGREGATION CATHOLIQUE FEMININE A SALONIQUE OTTOMANE ET LES BULGARES

Author(s): Raya Zaimova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2022

The present article looks briefly at the history of the Roman Catholic Congregation (the Daughters of Charity of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul) who proclaim the Gospel among the Levantine peoples. The religious institute of women devoted to active charitable work. They settled in Ottoman Salonica around the 1850s. Their activities were closely linked to those of the Lazarists, depending on the same superior of the Mission. Referring to the French archives of their house in Salonica and personal documents, the author briefly presents the objectives of their mission, which, until 1913, was facilitated by the Franco-Ottoman capitulations. The schools of Daughters of Charity were attended by children of different nations, including Bulgarians. The text is an initial attempt to study the schools of the women’s congregations in the Balkans.

За книгата: Книгите като събития в Европа и Османската империя (ХVІІ–ХІХ век)

Author(s): Boyka Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Book review: Books as Events in Europe and the Ottoman Empire (17th c. -19th c.). Editors: Nadezhda Alexandrova, Raya Zaimova, Anna Aleksieva. Sofia, Bulgarian Society for Eighteenth Century Studies, 2020.] http://bulgc18.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Dalgiat-osemnadeseti-vek-3.pdf

Сравнительный анализ старообрядчества в Болгарии и Китае

Author(s): Chunlei Guo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

From the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the Old Belief moved to Bulgaria in three periods from the western border of Russia and the Don valley. From the beginning of the 19th century to the 1930s, the Old Belief moved from the Altai Mountains in Siberia to Northwestern China in two periods and from Transbaikalia and the south of the Far East to Northeastern China in three periods. The Old Believers were still active and participated in the modernization of Bulgaria and China in the fields of economy, politics, ethnicity, religion and culture. The article compares and studies the process of modernization of the Old Belief in the two countries, and also summarizes two kinds of experience of Bulgaria and China in their modernization construction. Firstly, the policy of modernization should be based on objective reality, the wishes of ordinary workers should be respected and their subjective initiative can be fully motivated. Secondly, the relevant departments can focus on the coordinated development of all sectors of society, and strive to upgrade the society as a whole to a state of modern development. The article makes a suggestion for the study of the modernization theory. Modernization is a historical process of following the past and heralding the future, while basing itself on reality and looking to the future. It should also review the past appropriately and look for positive factors that can promote the healthy development of human society.

Националноосвободителното движение на македонските и тракийските българи, 1878-1944 г. В четири тома. Македонски научен институт, Институт по история - БАН. София, Т. 1. 1994. 306 с.; Т. 2. 1995. 423 с.; Т. 3. 1997. 415 с. с илюстрации

Author(s): Zheko Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2000

Book Review

Град Червен през ранните векове на османското владичество

Author(s): Stojan Jordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/1999

The town of Cherven was one of the important administrative, cultural and ecclesiastical centers during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. The written information, which is very scarce, and the archeological studies show that the conditions created during the early centuries of Ottoman domination, a chiefly the destructive consequences of the aggressive campaign of Ali Pasha in 1388 caused the decline of Cherven. Despite the attempts to preserve some of its basic functions, the new realities affected the vitality of the town. The development and rise of the nearby town of Rousse which Cherven could not oppose, had a devastating effect. Thus in the 17th c. the town of Cherven turned into a small village. Notwithstanding the irreversible decline of the town of Cherven, it contributed to preserving the chiefly Bulgarian character of the majority of the settlements in the valley of the Roussenski Lom river.

Олга Тодорова. Православната църква и българите (XV–XVIII в.). София, Академично издателство „Проф. М. Дринов“, 1997. 299 с.

Author(s): Rumyana Radkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/1998

Book Review

Кръстоносната идея – памет и реалност

Author(s): Raya Zaimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/1998

The peculiar interpretation in French literature of the subject of the “Crusades”, made by politicians and men of letters after the formation of the Ottoman Empire, is examined. Born in the Middle Ages, the so-called “crusades idea” was transformed in time according to the actual political situations. It retained its external form, went through internal metamorphoses and in the 18th c. grew into the so-called “Eastern Question”. On the other hand, at the same time French historiography of the 16th – 18th c., written by armchair men of letters, reflected a bygone age – a dream which the thinking of the Enlightenment fully destroyed. In the 19th c. the deposits of the two currents led to the publication of series of mediaeval French and other chronicles the interpretation of which rested at the foundation of positivism in science.

Министерската отговорност по Търновската конституция и по конституционните проекти (1879–1947)

Author(s): Yordanka Gesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1997

The question of the political and judicial responsibility of ministers was included already in the Turnovo Constitution with the clear awareness of its necessity and from then on it existed in all the drafts and proposals for changes in the fundamental law up to 1947 inclusive. After that public opinion was deliberately diverted in another direction in the search of guilt so that in the last two constitutions (of 1971 and 1991) the responsibility of ministers was tacitly overlooked, and in the Criminal Code the ministers were put on the same footing with officials. The article examines the nature of political responsibility and also the question of judicial responsibility – how it is proceeded, who has the initiative for seeking judicial responsibility, who tries the ministers and what are the possibilities for imposing effective punishment. The constitution drafts of 1935, 1936, 1946 and 1947 are presented and their common features and differences are indicated. From the presented constitutions and constitution drafts it is evident that as regards the political (parliamentary) and criminal (judicial) responsibility of the ministers, the differences between them are neither so numerous nor so essential. The goal of the Bulgarian legislators over a long period of time was to create such constitutional provisions as would have a really restrictive effect on the work of ministers. Although every minister and every cabinet strive to ensure independence in taking decisions and in implementing the comprehensive policy of the government, it should be known also that the responsibility is exclusively of the Council of Ministers. Moreover – all action or inactions of the Cabinet are under the strict control of the legislative power. For any act, for any deed, the minister or the whole cabinet bear political and in certain cases criminal responsibility as wee. It is Parliament that supervises and controls their actions. In the constitutions and draft constitutions existing up to 1947 serious attention was paid to parliamentary responsibility. This was so because it was believed that if the National Assembly acted without allowing gross political passions get the upper hand (irrespective of whether it accused or justified the ministers) the possibility to commit a crime was strongly restricted. The controlling function of the National Assembly was therefore of particular importance also for the upward development of socio-political life and for the conformity with the law of the policy of the government. Unfortunately, both in the older and in the more recent history and also in our contemporary history Parliament and with it the governments, have often fallen prey to their own unrealistic political ambitions.

За ранната стопанска дейност на възрожденския предприемач Евстати Селвели и за неговото материално и финансово състояние през този период

Author(s): Veselin Goranchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The publication is aimed at clarifying a hitherto unexplored topic, namely the early business activity of Evstati Selveli. By the term “early business activity” the author of the study means the period before the establishment of a joint partnership between Evstati Seleveli and hadji Mincho hadji Tsachev in 1841. The publication also provides information about the earliest, known at least for now, partners of Evstati Selveli – Evstati Andrea and Atanas hadji Nikolau (Nikolov). Information on these issues is derived from unknown and hitherto untranslated Greek-language documents. A certain exception are the cited in the study kondika of the Hellenic school in Tarnovo, read and translated by Vladimir Vladov and codes of the Holy Metropolis of Tarnovo, which are annotated and retold by Acad. Ivan Snegarov. So far, several authors have written about the origin and family environment of Atanas hadji Nikolau. The most complete, in this aspect, is the study of Elena Statelova which is dedicated to the history of the Panitsa family. Unfortunately, it is not known, at least to the author of the publication, if any of the researchers have found that this particular ancestor of the Panitsa family (his heirs adopted the surname Panitsa around 1879) was one of the earliest partners in the business of Evstati Selveli.

Plague in Early Modern Istanbul: The Experience of the Habsburg Resident Ambassadors, 1560s – 1590s

Author(s): Aneliya Stoyanova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The Black Death from the mid-14th century initiated a long series of recurrences of the disease with significant effects on the affected human societies. The current article explores the awareness of the plague epidemics and the experiences made by the Habsburg diplomatic representatives in Istanbul from the mid-1560s to the early 1590s. In the early modern Ottoman empire plague was a persistent and disturbing part of life, recurring at unpredictable intervals and affecting all levels of society. The studied correspondences demonstrate the common measures the diplomats took to protect themselves and their servants in times of plague outbreaks. The letters contain sporadic descriptions of various diseases. Besides the recurring plague epidemics, the diplomats mention and describe other illnesses which also caused fevers and were recognized as highly contagious but seem to be distinguished from the plague. The epidemiological experience of the residents in Istanbul is worthy of scholarly attention since the disease descriptions preserved in diplomatic letters could play a supplementary role in the establishment of a detailed plague chronology of the Ottoman capital.