„Мълчал съм, но ще викам“: Петко Славейков на заточение в Трявна (юли–септември 1881)

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article focuses on a short period of Petko Slaveykov’s political and literary biography. The circumstances surrounding his forcible exile in the summer of 1881 have been traced on the basis of letters, literary works, and original archival documents. Observations on the psychological state of an unjustly removed politician from high state positions show his personal maturity and ability to survive in difficult sit¬uations. Some of the ideas defended by Petko Slaveykov in the summer of 1881 have been considered from a historical perspective. It has been shown that his judgment of people and events was generally adequate, and that his prediction of a future collapse of the authoritarian princely regime was reasonable. Although temporary removed from political life, Petko Slaveykov maintained his contacts with friends and like-minded people. He was well informed about the course of events in the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. The published letter to Prince Alexander I shows his civil courage and faith in liberal ideas. The role of the family in the difficult times of trial and exile is described through letters from his son Ivan. Some of the literary works created by Petko Slaveykov in the summer of 1881 in the ‘prison’ of his own house in the town of Tryavna are also mentioned. The full texts of two unpublished documents are attached – manuscripts by Petko Slaveykov from September 1881.

ЅTАTUL VАTІCАN ȘІ ЅFАNTUL ЅCАUN ÎNTRE ЅUVERАNІTАTE ЅTАTАLĂ ȘІ АUTONOMІE CАNONІCĂ

Author(s): Іonuț-Vіorel Bordeіаșі / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 4/2020

Іn the context of іnternаtіonаl lаw аnd іnternаtіonаl relаtіonѕ, the Vаtіcаn Ѕtаte іѕ а true "coіncіdentіа opoѕіtorum"1 , а ѕmаll terrіtorіаl but іmportаnt аnd іnternаtіonаlly recognіzed аctor through the Cаtholіc Church, whіch іt repreѕentѕ. However, few people know thаt the ѕаme terrіtory repreѕentѕ, ѕіmultаneouѕly, not one but two аctorѕ of іnternаtіonаl lаw: the Vаtіcаn Ѕtаte аnd the Holy Ѕee (the іnternаtіonаl perѕonіfіcаtіon of the Cаtholіc Church іn іnternаtіonаl relаtіonѕ). Even іf both entіtіeѕ аre ruled by the Ѕovereіgn Ponfіt (Pope), they do not іnterfere or replаce eаch other. Crіtіcіѕmѕ of the Cаtholіc Church ѕuch аѕ thoѕe relаted to fіnаncіаl іnveѕtmentѕ or the Vаtіcаn Bаnk would ѕeem juѕtіfіed іf we dіd not know thіѕ ѕepаrаtіon аnd the fаct thаt the bаnk belongѕ to the Vаtіcаn Ѕtаte аnd not to the Holy Ѕee. For theѕe reаѕonѕ, іn the followіng we wіll аnаlyze theѕe two entіtіeѕ both from the poіnt of vіew of theіr hіѕtory, but eѕpecіаlly of the clаrіfіcаtіon of the functіonѕ аnd roleѕ they plаy on the іnternаtіonаl relаtіonѕ ѕcene.

Църковно строителство в Североизточна България през 50-те – 70-те години на ХІХ век

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva,Aldzhan Dzhafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This report presents the construction of churches in Eski Juma, Osman Pazar, Hezargrad, and in several other settlements in the 1850s – 1870s. It also focuses on the procedures for building churches and on the reasons for their mass construction in the region under review during this period. The study analyzes the applications of the population, their reasons, and the ethnic composition of the settlements studied. In addition, the paper discusses issues concerning the construction of the churches themselves, their size, organization, and financing.

Църковнонационални борби в София до отхвърляне властта на Цариградската патриаршия

Author(s): Antoaneta Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Based on published and newly discovered unpublished sources, as well as the existing historical research on the topic, the author reconstructs the church-national struggle in Sofia in the years after the end of the Crimean War (1856). The events in Sofia are discussed in the context of the national struggle for an independent Bulgarian church and in comparison with the similar activities in Plovdiv at the same time. Two main moments in the church movement in Sofia attract the attention and form the cores around which the source material is focused: the reaction in the city after the secession from the Patriarchate of Constantinople on 3 April 1860 in the Bulgarian church „St. Stefan“ in Constantinople – two months later Sofia’s Bulgarians also renounced the Patriarchate and reinforced this with relevant changes in the municipal self-government; the dramatic events in Sofia in 1861 when the citizens of Sofia defended their previously stated position on the church issue by refusing to accept the patriarchal bishop – Bulgarian Dorotheos.

Частният кредит в Свищов в периода от Освобождението до войните (1912–1918) – общ преглед

Author(s): Margarita Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The survey provides an overview of the private credit institutions in Svishtov in the period 1878-1912. The number of commercial and banking houses presented on the credit market, the sources of their capital and their role for the economic development of the city are specified. A brief overview of the history and activities of the two Svishtov Savings Joint Stock Companies is made. The question why no private joint-stock bank is established in Svishtov is explored.

Черкезкият проблем, руската политика и Българското освобождение

Author(s): Ventsislav Muchinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2016

In the article, the author seeks the interrelation between two historic processes that seem to be independent of each other – the final conquest of the North Caucasus by the Russian army in the years after the Crimean War and the events that led to the Bulgarian liberation in 1878. The “linking point” between these two processes is the massive resettlement of the Circassian tribes from the Northwest Caucasus within the Ottoman Empire, including the Bulgarian lands under Ottoman rule – a resettlement that occupies an important place in the policy of the Russian rulers not only with regard to the Caucasus region but also against the Ottoman Empire and its possessions in the Balkans.

Черковни сметки и народни разказвателни сюжети из възрожденски Пирдоп

Author(s): Georgi D. Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The text contains elements from the history of the town of Pirdop and its` surroundings during the 19-th century. The codex of the local church community has been studied in detail. The accounting within was noted for two decades by the hand of the local notable, Simon. It starts from the decoration of the new church and further on contains data on the functioning of the church community as a microcredit institution. The core of local notable families was examined, as they were the leaders of the church community. More recent pre-Liberation ethnographic documentation, gathered by the teacher Simeon Aldov (Serdanov) was examined from a general anthropological, „patrimonial“, socioeconomical, ecological and geographical point of view in the frame of the region. Robbery and crime, local political unrest and their consequences have been mentioned in a cholistic perspective, in the spirit of local and regional studies.

ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКА ЄВАНГЕЛЬСЬКА РЕЛІГІЙНА ГРОМАДА ЯК СКЛАДОВА РЕЛІГІЙНОЇ ПАЛІТРИ БУКОВИНИ: СТАНОВЛЕННЯ, РОЗВИТОК, ЗНАЧЕННЯ У КУЛЬТУРНОМУ РОЗМАЇТТІ РЕГІОНУ

Author(s): Natalia Masian / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

The aim of research is investigation of the reasons of evangelical religious community origin, its influence at cultural and educational development of Bukovina is a great significance for understanding the impact of segment of multicultural area on modern worldview of religious and cultural variety of region. The article basis is made on the documents of the archived funds of Evangelic religious community of Chernivtsi, Bukovynean regional administration, Chernivtsi city magistracy, researches of the Austrian historians and researchers of a particular region of Johann Polek, Kornelij Kozak, Eduard Fisher about protestantism on Bukovyna and history of development of Chernivtsi evangelic community. Especially valuable information is got from the statistical reports of the Bukovynean regional administration, results of censuses of population of Bukovyna in relation to intensity of distribution of evangelists, from documents about regulation activity of community and any associations of members of community, that open educator, their cultural and educational and social meaningful activity. The Community united christians-evangelists that lived in cities Chernivtsi, Kizman, Sadagura, suburbs of Rosh and Kalichanka, villages of Molodia, Tarashany, Szuchka and Lashkivka and entered in the complement of Chernivtsi evangelic parsonage. There were used such research methodologies like descriptive – generalization of sources; comparative – for analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific theories. Scientific novelty consists in determining the role of evangelical community to form a multireligious and multi-ethnicity of our region. Conclusions. There were traditionally many different confessions in Bukovyna: orthodoxy, catholicism, old believer, judaism and other. The migration movement to Bukovyna, first of all for people of Germans originally, which was initiated by Austrian government in the end ХVIII of century by a grant to them of certain rights and freedoms, in particular in using protestant religion, resulted in a volume, that in the second half of ХІХ of century protestantism became the third after Orthodoxy and catholicism because of importance by the constituent of religious palette of Bukovyna. Evangelical religious community contributed to the spread of the reformation achievements in multi-ethnic community in Bukovina. By its activity community contributed to the implementation of initiatives to open and develop educational, commercial, industrial, religious and healthcare institutions, which had a positive impact on the development of the region in general.

Четата на Хаджи Димитър и Стефан Караджа

Author(s): Zina Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian

This book presents an extraordinary event – the daring march of Hadji Dimitar’s and Stefan Karadja’s troops in 1868. “It came from without, struck only the alarm signal, the beating of which shook the lowlands and prepared them for the auspicious seed of revolution.” The shots of the group of revolutionaries scares not only the Turkish Empire, but also Europe talked about the Bulgarians.

Четиринадесети събор на народното творчество „Пирин пее"

Author(s): Volodya Milachkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2014

Чехи за Източна Румелия. Пловдив по времето на Източна Румелия в спомените и кореспонденцията на чешки интелектуалци

Author(s): Pavel Zeman / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

The aim of the study is to present the Czech intellectuals’ vision of the life in Plovdiv during the existence of Eastern Rumelia. Then, in the capital of Eastern Rumelia, a considerable number of Czechs lived, it can be said that there was a Czech colony. K. Jirechek, H. Skorpil, A. Sourek, R. Turn-Taksis, J. Voracek, Y. Vagner, drew attention to the Bulgarian society and described the differences in the lifestyle of the two nationalities. The citations quoted in the article are selected from a preserved correspondence and the printed memoirs of Czech activists.

Чехословаци и Средња Европа

Author(s): Dragutin Polužanski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 06-07/1934

Нема сумње да је културна и политичка улога чешкословачког народа у Средњој Европи условљена неким географским чињеницама. Земље овог народа се налазе у средини између порајнске индуrстријске и подунавске аграрне Средње Европе, оне везују Запад с Истоком, преко њих води пут из северне Европе у јужну Европу. Сама Чешка, опкољена планинама, као нека тврђава доминира околним земљама; зато је Бизмарк и могао реhи, да је господар Европе онај ко има Чешку.

Чипровските събития от 1688–1690 г. (Нови предположения за участието на населението от Чипровско в бойните действия по време на войната на османците срещу Свещената лига (1683–1699))

Author(s): Dzheni Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2015

The war of the Ottomans with the Holy League (1683-1699) causes significant changes in the lives of the Balkan provinces within the Ottoman Empire. An interesting moment in the history of the Empire is the participation of civilians in the armed conflicts between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman armies. The population is drawn into the conflict in various ways both by the Ottoman authorities and by the Habsburg propaganda in the Balkans, and assists both parties. One such moment is the Chiprovtsi uprising, as it is called in the Bulgarian historiography, from 1688. The story about the uprising and, in general, about the fate of the Bulgarian Catholics, had been constructed on the basis of the documentation of the Catholic communities, Christian chronicles from ХVІІІ c, relations of Dubrovnik agents, information by the Habsburg generals and correspondents for the military actions in the Balkans, as well as additions by orthodox priests. Up to that moment, however, the Ottoman sources that represent the point of view of the ruling party regarding the Chiprovtsi events remain almost unknown. The goal of this article is to reveal so far unknown information regarding the crushing of the Chiprovtsi uprising through the point of view of an Ottoman historiography monument from the late 17th – early 18th century. The main story was described by Bakkaloğlu Sarı Hadji Mehmed pasha Defterdar (?–1717) in his story Zubde-i Vekayiat (Important events). The author was for a long time a servant at the financial department in Istanbul in the 1680s and 1690s. In the early18th century he was appointed for the first time as a chief defterdar and he occupied that position several times in his lifetime, and that is why he was popular with his nickname – Defterdar. Some comparisons are also made with other sources from that period and some suggestions are presented regarding the chronological frames of the follow up events in Chiprovtsi region.

Читалищата като част от развитието на гражданския сектор в България в периода от 1878 г. до 1944 г.

Author(s): Silvena Bayrakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In order to analyse in depth, the process of the present special status of the Bulgarian chitalishta, a look at the past is required to search for historical threads that lead to the reconciliation between their functions as state institutions from the one hand and civic organization ones from the other hand. The article highlights some features of the development of the Bulgarian civil sector and focuses on the chitalishta as the first civic organization with traditions dating back to the Bulgarian nation building period. Two major events in the span between 1878 and 1944 have an impact on the contemporary government policy concerning the Bulgarian chitalishta. Firstly, their consolidation in union in 1911 is initiated by the will of their leaders to coordinate the activities and to form high representation raising the organizational status. Secondly, due to the longstanding efforts of the chitalishte intelligentsia, the first Law to regulate them is passed in 1927, which strongly favours their financial and infrastructural support. This text intends to reveal how the democratic civic associations that have occurred in the context of non-existent national state during the Bulgarian “modernity”, acquire specific social and government-institutional hue that brings forth the prototype of their public duties and functions as a space for civil debate.

Читалището: трансмисия, единение, институция…

Author(s): Mila Santova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Asserting for decades on end its status of a focal point of the (social and) cultural life of (predominantly small) communities, the institution of the Bulgarian chitalishte in its more than a century existence has gradually but firmly accepted and realized its functions related to the transmission of the local culture. The text develops the discourse about the chitalishte as “memory” as well as a a “generator” of local culture, closely related to its institutional status based on community unification.

Читалищни народни университети

Author(s): Penka Tzoneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2021

165 years separate us from the creation of the unique structure for Bulgarian education – the library community centers. The evolution of their functions has an unchanging focus – raising the cultural and educational level of the population regardless of gender, age, beliefs, ethnicity and religion, carried out in different, historically originated forms. One of them is the Library folk university – a higher form of library education in its capacity of the most popular extracurricular education. The derived practices and approaches applied by the people's universities in the process of education of the local population according to its real spiritual and social needs are a valuable experience for the modern educational policy, called to be an active factor for self-education and lifelong learning.

ЧТО СДЕРЖИВАЕТ ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ ОБ АКТУАЛЬНОМ СОБЫТИИ... (НА I.-II.-III.)

Author(s): Oleg Nikiforov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2022

The text thematizes the complexity of the situation of making a statement concerning an currently developing event, which subversively changes both the conceptual grid of the speaker and his existential-historical context. The currently unfolding subversive “event” (i.e., “post-modern” “war”) calls for its comprehension by the subject and for a “clear” (yes/no) formulation of the subject position in relation to the event. However, the explosively changing historical, conceptual and existential context holds back the subject’s “responsible” statement about the event until the subjective invention of his new existential-historical context.

Чуждестранните автори и литература на страниците на списание „Македонски преглед” (1991-2014 г.)

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2014

Magazine "Macedonian Review" began to print in 1991 as a continuation of the old magazine, printed from 1924 to 1943 and after restoration of the Sofia Macedonian Scientific Institute work in 1990.

Шибеник у прошлости и садашњости.

Author(s): F.D. Marušić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/1932

Данашњи шибенски котар има готово исте границе што их је имала жупа кнезова брибирских, која је сезала до иза брибирских мостина, тамо уз десну обалу ријеке Крке.

Шляхта западного края в политике российской империи во второй половине XIX века: Леопольд Валицкий и его имение Озёры

Author(s): Svetlana A. Mulina,Aleksandr Radiuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The article deals with the tsarist’s policy towards nobility of Empire’s Western region on the example of the landlord Leopold Valitski from Grodno governorate. His fate was determined by the political situation in the region and closely intermingled with the fate of his estate Oziory. Valitski, as the majority of landless nobility, started his career as a clerk and only after coming into fortune had become an authoritative person in Grodno governorate. Large estate, broad circle of kin relations, high position in local society – all these factors made Leopold an object of particular attention of Russian authorities. Being absolutely apolitical he has been convicted of participating in uprising of 1863 and exiled into Siberia. The authors in slightly details investigate Oziory confiscation process and come to the conclusion that private property seizure by the government was followed by corruption and robbing of many estates by civil and military administration. In the result of wide scale sequestration and confiscation local gentry property lots of estates fell into decline.