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General works: Marcin Wołoszyn (ed.), Od Grodów Czerwieńskich do Linii Curzona. Dzieje środkowego Pobuża w wiekach średnich oraz postrzeganie formowania się wschodniej granicy Polski w historiografii XVIII–XXI wieku [From Cherven Towns to Curzon Line. The Lands on the Middle Bug during the Middle Ages and the Historiographic Perspective on the Formation of Poland’s Eastern Border, 18th–21st cc.], vols 1–2, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, Kraków–Leipzig–Rzeszów–Warszawa, 2017, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe, 720+696 pp., indices; series: U źródeł Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej / Frühzeit Ostmitteleuropas, 1 Mateusz Ratyński, Jan Dębski (1889–1976). Polityk kompromisu [Jan Dębski (1889–1976): A Politician of Compromise], Warszawa, 2019, Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego, 414 pp., index of persons, bibliog., list of acronyms/abbreviations Marek Kornat and Rafał Łatka (eds), Polskie wizje i oceny komunizmu (1917–1989) [Polish Visions and Evaluations of Communism, 1917–1989], Warszawa, 2020, Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 384 pp., index of persons Wokół Pierwszego Marszałka Polski Józefa Piłsudskiego, męża stanu, wodza i bohatera narodowego [Studies on Józef Piłsudski, a Statesman, Soldier, and National Hero], ed. by Aleksander Smoliński and Jarosław Durka, Toruń, 2020, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 348 pp., 16 ills Marta Kubiszyn, Niepamięć – post-pamięć – współpamięć. Zagłada lubelskich Żydów jako przedmiot kultury pamięci [Oblivion – Post-Memory – Co-Memory: The Annihilation of the Jews of Lublin as an Object of Remembrance Culture], Lublin, 2019, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 238 pp., index of names, bibliog., ills, list of ills, English sum. Wojciech Drelicharz, Unifying the Kingdom of Poland in Medieval Historiographic Thought, transl. Anna Skucińska, Kraków, 2019, Towarzystwo Naukowe Societas Vistulana, 477 pp., bibliog., maps, indices, ills, list of abbreviations Kamil Kajkowski, Obrzędowość religijna Pomorzan we wczesnym Średniowieczu. Studium archeologiczne [The Religious Rites and Rituals of Early Medieval Pomeranians. An Archaeological Study], Wrocław, 2019, Wydawnictwo Chronicon, 494 pp., indices of local names and supernatural beings, English sum., ills, maps, bibliog Stanisław Rosik, The Slavic Religion in the Light of 11th- and 12th-Century German Chronicles (Thietmar of Merseburg, Adam of Bremen, Helmold of Bosau). Studies on the Christian Interpretation of Pre-Christian Cults and Beliefs in the Middle Ages, transl. Anna Tyszkiewicz, Leiden–Boston, 2020, Brill, 442 pp., bibliog., indices, figures, map; series: East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450, 60 Adrian Jusupović, Kronika halicko-wołyńska (Kronika Romanowiczów) w latopisarskiej kolekcji historycznej [The Halychian-Volhynian Chronicle (the Romanovych Chronicle) in the letopis Historical Collection], Kraków, 2019, Instytut Historii PAN – Avalon, 208 pp., bibliog., English sum., index of persons, geographical and ethnic names, ills Andrzej Karpiński, in cooperation with Emil Kalinowski and Elżbieta Nowosielska, Pożary w miastach Rzeczypospolitej w XVI–XVIII wieku i ich następstwa ekonomiczne, społeczne i kulturowe. Katalog [Fires in the Cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries and Their Economic, Social and Cultural Consequences. A Catalogue], Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa, 2020, 334 pp. Anna Grześkowiak-Krwawicz (ed.), „Najwyższa Pani swoich praw”. Idee wolności, niepodległości i suwerenności Rzeczypospolitej 1569–1795 [“The Supreme Lady of Her Rights”. The Ideas of Freedom, Independence and Sovereignty of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795], Warszawa, 2019, Muzeum Historii Polski, Polskie Towarzystwo Badań nad Wiekiem Osiemnastym, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Badań Literackich PAN, 345 pp., index of persons Piotr Ugniewski (ed.), „Skłócony naród, król niepewny, szlachta dzika”? Polska stanisławowska w świetle najnowszych badań [“Nation Conflicted, King Uncertain, Noblemen Savage”? Poland under King Stanislaus Augustus in the Light of Recent Research], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Neriton, Muzeum Historii Polski, 282 pp., 4 ills in colour Dorota Malczewska-Pawelec and Tomasz Pawelec, Karol Szajnocha. Codzienność, kobiety, historiografi a [Karol Szajnocha. Everyday Life, Women, Historiography], Katowice, 2019, Uniwersytet Śląski, 284 pp., personal index, English and German sum. Grzegorz Kucharczyk (ed.), Pierwsza niemiecka okupacja: Królestwo Polskie i kresy wschodnie pod okupacją mocarstw centralnych 1914–1918 [The First German Occupation: the Kingdom of Poland and the Eastern Borderland Occupied by the Central Powers, 1914–1918], Warszawa, 2019, Instytut Historii PAN, 872 pp., index of persons, German sum. Metamorfozy społeczne [Social Metamorphoses], xxii: Wokół nowej syntezy dziejów Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej [Around a New Synthetic Review of the History of the Second Republic of Poland], ed. by Włodzimierz Mędrzecki, Warszawa, 2019, IH PAN, 192 pp., notes on authors, index of persons Dziennik Stanisława Borkowskiego, konserwatywnego ziemianina z jędrzejowskiego Lipna (1919–1921) [The Diary of Stanisław Borkowski, a Conservative Landowner from Lipno, County of Jędrzejów (1919–1921)], ed. by Mariusz Nowak, Kielce, 2019, Kieleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, LXXXI + 201 pp., bibliog., webography, index Edyta Majcher-Ociesa, Interwencjonizm państwowy w przemyśle Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1930–1939 [State Interventionism in the Industry of the Second Republic of Poland (1930–1939)], Kielce, 2019, Kieleckie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 439 pp., tables, list of tables, bibliog., index of persons, English sum. Piotr M. Majewski, Kiedy wybuchnie wojna? 1938. Studium kryzysu [When Will the War Break Out? 1938: A Study of the Crisis], Warszawa, 2019, Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, 458 pp., bibliog., ills, index; series: Seria historyczna, 36 Marek Rodzik, Polska a Wielka Brytania: od kryzysu sudeckiego do 15 marca 1939 roku [Poland and Great Britain: From the Sudeten Crisis to 15 March 1939], Warszawa, 2019, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 175 pp., bibliog., index of persons, list of acronyms/abbreviations, English sum.; series: Monografie, 141 Gustaw Herling-Grudziński and Jerzy Giedroyć, Korespondencja [Correspondence], i: 1944–1966; ed. by Włodzimierz Bolecki (chief editor), Sylwia Błażejczyk-Mucha, Andrzej Stanisław Kowalczyk, Aleksandra Siwek, Violetta Wejs-Milewska, Marzena Woźniak-Łabieniec, Mirosław Wójcik, and Marek Żebrowski, Kraków, 2019, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 900 pp., index, reproductions, ills; series: Dzieła zebrane. Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, 12
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General works: Jarosław Kłaczkow (ed.), Ewangelicy w regionie kujawsko-pomorskim na przestrzeni wieków [Protestants in the Cuiavian-Pomeranian Region Through the Centuries], Toruń, 2020, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 512 pp., ills, bibliog., index of personal names Żywoty historyczne. Tadeusz Łepkowski, Marian Małowist, Janusz Tazbir, Aleksander Gieysztor w wywiadach z lat 1986–1989 [Their Historical Lives. Tadeusz Łepkowski, Marian Małowist, Janusz Tazbir, and Aleksander Gieysztor interviewed in 1986–1989], questions asked and answers commented by Bronisław Geremek, Jerzy Jedlicki, Henryk Samsonowicz, Ryszard Stemplowski, Henryk Szlajfer, Michał Tymowski, and Tadeusz Wasilewski, with an introduction and notes by Ryszard Stemplowski, Kęty, 2020, Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, 140 pp. Stanisław Turlej, Michał Stachura, Bartosz Jan Kłoczek, and Adam Izdebski (eds), Byzantina et Slavica. Studies in Honour of Professor Maciej Salamon, Kraków, 2019, Historia Iagellonica, 464 pp., English sum., ills, maps, separate bibliog. for each article Zofia A. Brzozowska, Mirosław J. Leszka, Kirił Marinow, and Teresa Wolińska (eds), Widmo Mahometa, cień Samuela. Cesarstwo bizantyńskie w relacji z przedstawicielami innych religii i kultur (VII–XV w.) [A Phantom of Mahomet, a Shadow of Samuel. The Byzantine Empire’s Relations with Representatives of Other Religions and Cultures, 7th to 15th Centuries], Łódź, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 379 pp., ills, English sum., bibliog., indices of personal, geographical and ethnic names, abstracts in Polish and English; series: Byzantina Lodziensia, 39 Mirosław Michalak, Konteksty kulturowe średniowiecznego eposu irańskiego Garšāspnāme i ich źródła [The Cultural Contexts of the Medieval Iranian Epic Garšāspnāme and Their Sources], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 456 pp., geographical and personal indices, mythological and literary characters, bibliog. Marta Rey-Radlińska, Ku poetyce þáttr [Towards the Poetics of þáttr], Kraków, 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 281 pp. Andrzej Radzimiński, Kontakty duchownych ze stolicą apostolską. Obrazy z życia średniowiecznego kleru w dokumentach penitencjarii apostolskiej [Clergymen’s Contacts with the Apostolic See. Pictures from the Life of Medieval Clergy in the Apostolic Penitentiary Documents], Toruń, 2020, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, 244 pp., ills, bibliog., English sum., index of names; series: Ecclesia clerusque temporibus medii aevi Dorota Gregorowicz, Tiara w grze o koronę. Stolica Apostolska wobec wolnych elekcji w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w drugiej połowie XVI wieku [The Papal Tiara in the Game for the Crown. The Holy See and the Free Royal Elections in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century], Kraków, 2019, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 495 pp., list of acronyms/abbreviations, bibliog., 16 ills and list thereof (colour and portraits), Italian and English sum., index of personal names Andrzej Klonder, Prowincjusze i detaliści. Drobny handel i rzemiosło w Rzeczypospolitej w XVII – początku XVIII wieku [Provincials and Retailers. Petty Trade and Craft in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th and Early 18th Centuries], Warszawa, 2020, Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 162 pp., annexes, bibliog., English sum. Jacek Kordel, Królestwo anarchii. W poszukiwaniu nowożytnych wyobrażeń o Rzeczypospolitej i jej mieszkańcach [Kingdom of Anarchy. In Search of Early Modern Notions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Its Inhabitants], Warszawa, 2020, Narodowe Centrum Kultury, 354 pp., ills and their list, bibliog., index of personal names; series: Wojny Kulturowe przeciw Polsce Piotr Kuligowski, Zniszczyć wszelkie państwo! Idee wędrowne Ludwika Królikowskiego [Destroy all States! The Wandering Ideas of Ludwik Królikowski], Poznań, 2020, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 194 pp., personal index, bibliog., list of abbreviations, English sum.; series: Historia, 241 Radosław Paweł Żurawski vel Grajewski, Ostatnie polskie miasto. Rzeczpospolita Krakowska w “dyplomacji” Hotelu Lambert wobec Wielkiej Brytanii (1831–1845) [The Last Polish City: the Republic of Cracow in the “Diplomacy” of the Hôtel Lambert towards Britain, 1831–1845], Łódź–Kraków, 2018, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego and Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej, 400 pp., bibliog. and personal index Lenny A. Ureña Valerio, Colonial Fantasies, Imperial Realities: Race Science and the Making of Polishness on the Fringes of the German Empire, 1840–1920, Athens–Ohio, 2019, Ohio University Press, XXI + 295 pp., ills; series: Polish and Polish-American Studies Clara Maddalena Frysztacka, Zeit-Schriften der Moderne. Zeitkonstruktion und temporale Selbstverortung in der polnischen Presse (1880–1914), Oldenbourg, 2020, De Gruyter, 433 pp., indices; series: Spatio Temporality/Raum Zeitlichkeit, 7 Kamil Piskała and Marta Sikorska-Kowalska (eds), Kobiety niepodległości. Wspomnienia z lat 1910–1918 [Independence Women. Recollections from the Years 1910–1918], Warszawa, 2019, Muzeum Historii Polski, 484 pp.; series: 100-lecie Niepodległości. Wspomnienia i pamiętniki Kai-Achim Klare, Imperium ante portas: die deutsche Expansion in Mittel- und Osteuropa zwischen Weltpolitik und Lebensraum (1914–1918), Wiesbaden, 2020, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 588 pp., ills; series: Veröffentlichungen des Nordost-Instituts, 27 Marian Marek Drozdowski, Piotr Drzewiecki, with contributions from Elżbieta Wodzyńska and Iwona Drozdowska-Rusinowicz, Radom, 2020, Łukasiewicz – Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji, 520 pp., ills; series: Biblioteka Polskiej Nauki i Techniki Henryk Gruber, Wspomnienia i uwagi [Memoirs and Remarks], Part 1–2, prefaced and ed. by Włodzimierz Suleja, Warszawa, 2019/2020, Muzeum Historii Polski, 448 + 402 pp.; series: 100-lecie Niepodległości. Wspomnienia i pamiętniki Eva Reder, Antijüdische Pogrome in Polen im 20. Jahrhundert. Gewaltsaubrüche im Schatten der Staatsbildung 1918–1920 und 1945–1946, Marburg, 2019, Verlag Herder-Institut, 266 pp., bibliog., indices, English and Polish sum.; series: Studien zu Ostmitteleuropaforschung, 47 Antykomunizm socjalistów: Polska Partia Socjalistyczna wobec Komunistycznej Partii Robotniczej Polski/Komunistycznej Partii Polski. Wypisy z prasy i dokumentów (1918–1938) [Anticommunist Socialists: The Polish Socialist Party Facing the Communist Workers’ Party of Poland/Communist Party of Poland. Extracts from the Press and Documents (1918–1938)], prefaced and ed. by Karol Sacewicz, Olsztyn–Białystok–Warszawa, 2019, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Oddział w Białymstoku, Delegatura w Olszty nie, 519 pp.; series: Seria Wydawnicza Oddziału Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Białymstoku, 47 Agnes Laba, Die Grenze im Blick: Der Ostgrenzendiskurs der Weimarer Republik, Marburg, 2019, Verlag Herder-Institut, 479 pp.; series: Studien zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung, 45 Janusz Żarnowski, Inteligencja polska jako elita kulturalna i społeczna w ostatnich stu latach (od 1918 r. do współczesności) [The Polish Intelligentsia as a Cultural and Social Elite in the Last Hundred Years (1918 to Date)], ed. by Włodzimierz Mędrzecki, Warszawa, 2019, Instytut Historii PAN, 163 pp., name index, list of studies authored by Prof. Janusz Żarnowski (publ. since 2002), list of publications in the series Metamorfozy Społeczne; series: Metamorfozy Społeczne, 24 Nancy Sinkoff, From Left to Right. Lucy S. Dawidowicz, the New York Intellectuals, and the Politics of Jewish History, Detroit, 2020, Wayne State University Press, 518 pp., ills Tomasz Szarota, Tajemnica śmierci Stefana Starzyńskiego [The Mystery of Stefan Starzyński’s Death], Warszawa, 2020, Wydawnictwo Bellona, 279 pp., ills, bibliog., name index Krzysztof Kaczmarski, Nie tylko Rothesay: oficerskie obozy izolacyjne oraz obóz dyscyplinarny dla żołnierzy Polskich Sił Zbrojnych w Wielkiej Brytanii (1940–1943) [Rothesay Was not the Only One. Isolation Camps for Army Officers and a Disciplinary Camp for Soldiers of Polish Armed Forces in Britain (1940–1943)], Rzeszów, 2020, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu. Oddział w Rzeszowie, 320 pp., tables; series: Seria Wydawnicza IPN Oddział w Rzeszowie
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List of publications on Wadowice and the surrounding area, which appeared in 2020.
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A stereoscopic view on a particular historical event, in which contemporary assessments are combined with mental stereotypes of a medieval man, allows a slightly different assessment of the chronicle plot about the posthumous “baptism of bones” of Oleg and Yaropolk, Princes of Kyivan Rus, in 1044. While from theological positions it is perceived as an absurdity and a direct violation of the rules of the church, in the Middle Ages this act did not contradict the mass religious beliefs. From an ethical point of view, the action of Yaroslav the Wise was regarded as concern for the souls of the ancestors who died pagans and therefore did not claim for the salvation. The soteriological optimism that prevailed in the eleventh century in countries of the late Christianization, including Kyivan Rus, gave hope that living people were able to influence the fate of the souls of the dead. From a political point of view, the baptism of the ashes of the ancestors and their reburial in the family tomb of the Princes of Kyiv in the Church of the Tithes was aimed at expanding the circle of heavenly patrons and protectors of the princely dynasty, expanding the period of the Christian history of Kyivan Rus, and, as a result, legitimizing the power of Yaroslav the Wise.
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This study looks at bells and bell ringing in the medieval Balkans byfocusing on historical Serbia and Bulgaria. It provides a comprehensive view of the use of bells for religious purposes from the thirteenth century until the early Ottoman period. The evidence examined is organised in two parts; the first one deals with written sources while the second is a catalogue of church bells preserved in the region under study. Dated to the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth century, some of these instruments are recent discoveries while others are not well known among scholars. This is the first time that most extant bells from the region are analysed together, offering the opportunity to trace the development of these artefacts in the Balkans. In a third section the information from written sources and actual bells is discussed in conjunction.
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The periods of crisis that certain societies go through change the already established order. They provoke a rethinking of existence and the need to seek protection from above against what cannot be driven away by any means known to man. The late medieval post-Byzantine Balkan churches fully illustrate this. Some of them, especially those in the places directly affected by a certain epidemic, appear after such critical moments, and in their collection of images, the disease itself finds its own place, acquiring at the same time a set of anthropomorphic features. The protection of God or some of His saints is sought after when it comes to acting against the plague. The article tries in an interdisciplinary way (combining history, culturology and theory of art) to emphasize on the image of the plague in the Orthodox Christian image system. The motif of the Dance of Death (Danse Macabre), in which rulers,clergy and peasants are involved, was influenced by the “procession” of the infection throughout Europe and has been repeatedly discussed in the scientific literature.Within the Balkan Orthodox Christian folklore, the plague appears as a strange girl who is constantly scratching herself, or as an old crone - in most cases presented as a witch. People turn to St. Charalambos to be their intercessor before God and to relieve them from the trouble that befell them. The vernacular idea of St. Charalambos as a victor over the plague, which he captured and chained, is reflected in the church’s visual tradition.
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The emergence of the first Catholic parishes in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija is related to the development of mining, mainly in the settlements of German miners Saxons and the colony of traders from the coastal parts of the Serbian medieval state (Cattaro, Dubrovnik, etc.). The significance and influence of these trading colonies has experienced its climax at the time of the Serbian despots, while the question of the spiritual and administrative authority over these parishes reflects the pretensions of certain Catholic ecclesiastical centers to protect the interests and rights in the exercise of their obligations.
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The funerary chapel of the Bachkovo monastery stands out among other Byzantine sanctuaries especially for the specific symbolic meaning of its iconographical programme. Conceived in accordance with the liturgical use of the building, its frescoes served as visual support to the celebration of commemorative and funerary services for salvation of the souls of departed monks of the monastery. By introducing a selection of rare representations from the Bachkovo ossuary, I will exemplify the interaction between performed rituals and painted iconography, based on written liturgical sources. Furthermore I will discuss the role of figurative liturgical objects in the definition of sacred space in Byzantine culture.
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The text presents various publications and records of the song of the King Ivan Shishman in an attempt to contextualize it as origination and use. A possible hypothesis is the dating of the song in time immediately after the fall of Bulgaria under Ottoman rule as a reflection of real historical events. However, the song was especially popular during the Renaissance with urban melody and most probably it was the time that the name of the last Bulgarian king was added to the text in the context of constructing our national identity in the second half of the 19th century.
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The article traces the transformation of black color in clothing as a sign of high ethical standards. And fashion itself began to operate as an axiological and ideological form, expressing and setting certain values. Thus, clothing as a color, on the one hand, becomes a sign of public indication and recognition, and on the other – an instrument of social segregation.
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The town of Cherven was one of the important administrative, cultural and ecclesiastical centers during the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. The written information, which is very scarce, and the archeological studies show that the conditions created during the early centuries of Ottoman domination, a chiefly the destructive consequences of the aggressive campaign of Ali Pasha in 1388 caused the decline of Cherven. Despite the attempts to preserve some of its basic functions, the new realities affected the vitality of the town. The development and rise of the nearby town of Rousse which Cherven could not oppose, had a devastating effect. Thus in the 17th c. the town of Cherven turned into a small village. Notwithstanding the irreversible decline of the town of Cherven, it contributed to preserving the chiefly Bulgarian character of the majority of the settlements in the valley of the Roussenski Lom river.
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The peculiar interpretation in French literature of the subject of the “Crusades”, made by politicians and men of letters after the formation of the Ottoman Empire, is examined. Born in the Middle Ages, the so-called “crusades idea” was transformed in time according to the actual political situations. It retained its external form, went through internal metamorphoses and in the 18th c. grew into the so-called “Eastern Question”. On the other hand, at the same time French historiography of the 16th – 18th c., written by armchair men of letters, reflected a bygone age – a dream which the thinking of the Enlightenment fully destroyed. In the 19th c. the deposits of the two currents led to the publication of series of mediaeval French and other chronicles the interpretation of which rested at the foundation of positivism in science.
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The purpose of this article is to bring evidence that Old Byzantine Chant – like other music genres and according to a general metric principle observed by the majority of music theorists (up to the beginning of the 20th century) – is metrically structured, usually in cycling phrases of four Common Time measures. This metrical principle could be a key for understanding and deciphering the old neumatic notation.
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Since its discovery in 1965, the 14th-century Kastoria 8 Asmatikon has attracted scholarly attention. Distinguished by its two rows of neumes: a row of Middle Byzantine signs overlaid by a system of great hyperstases, its existence suggests that it bridges stages of notational development and chanting practices from an earlier period. Particularly noteworthy, its system of large signs could also provide a key to the Palaeoslavonic kondakarian musical notation which disappeared earlier in the 13th century.
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