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Sovjetski uticaj i Josip Broz Tito uoči izbijanja ustanka u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine
4.50 €

Sovjetski uticaj i Josip Broz Tito uoči izbijanja ustanka u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine

Author(s): Aleksej J. Timofejev / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In the holdings of the Comintern reports by J. B. Tito are preserved that testify to the role of this organization in appointing new leader of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) and in determining personal and financial policy of the Party on the eve of WWII. Considerable number of Yugoslav communists received good military-partisan training in the USSSR and Spain during the prewar period. It is very likely that Josip Broz Ttio himself was educated at the „partisan school" in the USSR and that he later taught there himself. Connection with the Soviet security organs is also proven by Tito's special engagement in a tricky „cader" matter during the Spanish civil war. After the defeat of the Spanish republic most of the Yugoslav „Spaniards" were interned in France. Only in 1941 did part of the „Spaniards" manage to return to the Balkans. According to the official version of Tito’s biography the whole action was organized by Cvetko Većeslav Flores „without anyone’s help". Obviously someone with military and partisan experience had to help the Yugoslav communists to reach their homeland on the eve of the uprising. In the Comintern’s files of the Yugoslav „Spaniards" questionaries about their engagement on the Iberian Peninsula appeared in late 1940 and early 1941. These enquieries in the files of the Yugoslav „Spaniards" were made at the request of the „external organization" i.e. of the Soviet intelligence service. Some 250 former Spanish combatants took part in the events in Yugoslavia 1941-1945 and to all intents they were one of the main pillars in creation of the partisan movement The ascent of Tito’s career was aided by several factors which had different importance atvarious stages of his career. On the eve of 1941 the most dominant were the endeavors of Soviet instructiors to impart the Yugoslav Party cadres and even J. B. Tito himself, military and special skills during the 1929-1938 period. An important role was played by Tito’s ties with the Cadre's Department of the Comintern and the Soviet intelligence organs which Tito forged during the sending of Yugoslav cadres to Spain.

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Titov kult u Jugoslovenskoj narodnoj armiji
4.50 €

Titov kult u Jugoslovenskoj narodnoj armiji

Author(s): Mihajlo Basara / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the ideological obstacles to the research of Tito's era, characteristics of the cult in the self-managing socialism and its special features in the Army, as well as characteristics and manifestations in the Yugoslav People's Army (YPA). The author concludes that Tito's course towards liberalization of socialism in the form of self-management, as well as the results achieved in the modernization of the country, reduced the leeway for a broader use of the cult as an ideological instrument, especially in comparison with the countries of the former Eastern Block. Simultaneously with that, the historical science was rearranged and Tito became the creator of the theory and practice of socialism in Yugoslavia. With the YPA personnel loyalty was secured through selection (participation in WWW, social background, ideological background of parents), Party control and planned and systematic indoctrination. Having been coupled with the process of training, including the Army into peacekeeping operations and military-industrial activities and also having been to a larger degree under the influence of self-management due to the concept of General People's Defense, the cult in YPA hadn't the typical traits of a rigid personality cult. The break-up of Yugoslavia proved that Tito's cult wasn't of long duration. It was replaced by the cult of the nation and its new leaders.

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SNOWBALL FIGHTS

SNOWBALL FIGHTS

Author(s): Višnja Baćanović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At the meeting of sociology students from South-Eastern Europe in Ljubljana, in 2002, the representatives of each country were asked to present their homeland. Lacking inspiration, but of the mind that we had to do something about it, the students from Croatia and we, the students from Serbia, have decided to make, I dare say, a performance. We went out and had a snowball fight. Croats against Serbs (or the other way round). As soon as we had finished our snowball fight, we set down to the table to have more fun. We don’t know even now if our colleagues from Bulgaria, Romania or Moldavia were fully aware of our intention, but we were. The talks we had then were very important for each of us.

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Broj žrtava u opsadi Sarajeva  od aprila 1992.  do decembra 1995. - Studija o stopi smrtnosti na osnovu osam velikih izvora podataka

Broj žrtava u opsadi Sarajeva od aprila 1992. do decembra 1995. - Studija o stopi smrtnosti na osnovu osam velikih izvora podataka

Author(s): Neda Lončarić,Jakub Bijak,Ewa Tabeau / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Predmet ovog izveštaja jeste ukupan broj žrtava opsade Sarajeva od aprila 1992. do decembra 1995. Podaci navedeni u ovom izveštaju dobijeni su za područje koje smo nazvali Sarajevo šest, a obuhvata teritoriju šest sarajevskih opština: Centar, Ilidža, Novi Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Stari Grad i Vogošća. Te opštine su analizirane na osnovu teritorijalne podele Bosne i Hercegovine pre rata (od 1991).

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Ubijene i ranjene osobe tokom opsade Sarajeva: od avgusta 1994. do novembra 1995. godine

Ubijene i ranjene osobe tokom opsade Sarajeva: od avgusta 1994. do novembra 1995. godine

Author(s): Arve Hetland,Ewa Tabeau / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Prvenstvena svrha ovog izvještaja je izrada statistike o osobama koje su ubijene ili ranjene tokom opsade Sarajeva koja je trajala od 1992. do 1995. godine, a posebno tokom perioda od augusta 1994. do novembra 1995. godine, period koji se poklapa s optužnicom MKSJ u predmetu Dragomira Miloševića. Sakupili smo najbolje dostupne izvore i primijenili smo najrelevantnije i najsvježije iskustvo na istraživačkom području statistike sukoba koje se u suštini ne mora poklapati s onom na službenom području statistike. Istraživanje o demografskim posljedicama sukoba dobilo je posebno mjesto u društvenim naukama, kao što je to razmotreno kod Keelyja i drugih (2001), National Research Councila (2002) ili Brunborga i drugih (2007). Opsada Sarajeva predstavljala je situaciju hitnih ljudskih potreba i konvencionalni izvori i metodi se ne mogu primijeniti na tu situaciju.

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Консульский замок генуэзской крепости Чембало XIV—XV вв. (по материалам археологических раскопок 1999—2008 гг.)

Консульский замок генуэзской крепости Чембало XIV—XV вв. (по материалам археологических раскопок 1999—2008 гг.)

Author(s): Serhiy V. Dyachkov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In 1999―2008, the joint expedition of “Tauric Chersonesos” National Reserve and by “V. N. Karazin” National University in Kharkiv investigated the area of the consul’s residence (castle) of the Genoese fortress Cembalo (14th—15th centuries) in Balaklava was located. Excavations on the so-called “consul’s church” found on the territory of the consul’s residence discovered that the church was used by inhabitants as a burial vault. Excavations of tower no.8 and in the adjacent area give some reasons to believe that the tower was part of the fortress’s defensive structures. While digging on site B situated near tower no. 8 we found chamber 3 (constructed in late 15th—16th centuries). The walls of chamber 3 were made of stone shells of predominantly spherical shape. This ‘arsenal’ included 208 shells that weighed 20―104 kg each, which were meant to be used by trebuchet machines against enemy ships. A special platform for trebuchet was constructed on consul’s residence territory. During the excavations of 2007―2008, remains of iron lamellar armor were discovered on the platform. Some peculiarities and circumstances of the find allow us to suppose that the discovered details were fragments of a brigandine, an armor widely spread in the 14th—15th centuries. The armor could belong to an arbalester of the local garrison. So, the Consul’s Castle was the residence of some Genoese official and an important element of the defensive system of the fortress Cembalo.

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Сарматское завоевание Северного Причерноморья (современное состояние проблемы)

Сарматское завоевание Северного Причерноморья (современное состояние проблемы)

Author(s): Sergey V. Polin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author addresses the problem of decline of the Great Scythia and the Sarmatian conquest of the Northern Black Sea region. The archaeological data suggest that there is no link between these events, because there is more than one hundred years between them. This idea, advanced twenty-five years ago, has been supported by new arguments over the past years. Nevertheless, new publications appear from time to time with different speculations on this issue based on obsolete arguments. These publications disregard modern condition of sources in the Northern Black Sea region. And they are relentless: the disintegration and disappearance of the Great Scythia and appearance of the Sarmatians in the Northern Black Sea region are not related and are separated by time.

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Генуэзский замок Калиера

Генуэзский замок Калиера

Author(s): Sergei Gennadievich Bocharov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author publishes all archaeological materials collected during excavations in 1927—1928 and 2006 on a fortification on Kordon-Oba Mount (Eastern Crimea, Feodosia Municipal Council’s territory). The site was attributed based on written, cartographic and archaeological sources. The castle was built by the Genoese administration of Kaffa in the second half of 14th c. and ceased to exist after the Ottoman conquest of the Genoese lands in the Crimea in 1475. The castle took its name — Kaliera — after the nearest medieval locality. The author questions why this castle was built and why it was built here.

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«Крымский поход» Тимура в 1395 г.: историографический конфуз, или археология против историографической традиции

«Крымский поход» Тимура в 1395 г.: историографический конфуз, или археология против историографической традиции

Author(s): Victor L. Mytz / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author analyzes a historiographic tradition related to the so called Timur’s “Crimean campaign” (or of his protégé Edigu) in 1395, during the war with Tokhtamysh. According to this tradition, this campaign led to devastation of a significant part of the Crimea, including its most important urban centers — Chersonese, Mangup, Solghat, Caffa. A detailed comparison of written accounts and archaeological materials, however, does not prove this view. Information about Timur’s campaign in Crimea originates from a biased Egyptian source. Most of the other contemporary accounts — Greek, Latin and Armenian — “ignore” this catastrophe. The archaeological research does not yield any reliable data to prove that any of the Crimean towns were ruined in late 14 th c. Overall, it can be substantially inferred that Timur’s western campaign in 1395 did not affect the Crimean territory.

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Военная организация кочевников Крыма в XII—XIV веках

Военная организация кочевников Крыма в XII—XIV веках

Author(s): Victor N. Chkhaidze / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The report presents differentiate according to the degree of arms 49 male burials kochevnikov medieval (12th—14th centuries), which were identified in 56 cemeteries in the Crimea. Based on the analysis of materials, three groups of military burials of nomads: 1. Heavily armed cavalry with metal protective arms and a full set of weapons and melee; 2. Cavalry without defensive arms, or with a non-metallic armor, also with a full set of chopping weapons and ranged weapons; 3. Light cavalry armed only with bows and arrows, swords rarely. The picture presented of the military organization of the Polovtsian society in Crimea, which existed until the inclusion in the composition of the Polovtsian troops of the Golden Horde.

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Cross-Border Lives in The Eyes of the Children: A Qualitative Study
4.50 €

Cross-Border Lives in The Eyes of the Children: A Qualitative Study

Author(s): Ezgi Arslan,Tuba Yüceer Kardeş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Civil war in the countries and forced migration of local community, adverse effects brought about by the war and adaptation problems in the countries migrated to affect physical, psychological, social, economic and cultural developments of the individuals at all ecological levels. When all such unfavorable effects are considered, the age, gender and other characteristics of an individual cause level of the impact of the migration and war on the individual to increase. The individuals who essentially need to be protected from the war and migration are the women, children and elderly people.

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Crisis or Opportunity? Public Debate and Perception on Syrian Refugees in Turkey
4.50 €

Crisis or Opportunity? Public Debate and Perception on Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Author(s): Oğuzhan Ömer Demir / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since 2011, millions of Syrian refugees have left their countries due to ongoing civil war in Syria. Almost three million of them are now a part of Turkish community. Despite several problems affecting culture, economy, and security, Syrian refugees and Turkish people have achieved to live together without any significant social crisis and moral panic. Düvell (2013) argues that unlike Western countries, where it would create a moral panic, Turkey surprisingly showed a social acceptance towards huge number of refugees. In fact, the number of refugees in Turkey enormously increased in the last few years. The rate of Syrians was only 0.02% in 2012, while it increased to 0.29% in 2013, and 1.96% in 2014. In 2015, the rate sharply doubled (Table-1). This unusual change in Turkey’s foreign population is the one that has never been experienced in Turkey.

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İvan Alekseyeviç Bunin’in Lanetli Günler Eserinde Ekim Devrimi ve İç Savaş’ın Halk ve Entelektüel Kesim Üzerindeki Etkisi
4.50 €

İvan Alekseyeviç Bunin’in Lanetli Günler Eserinde Ekim Devrimi ve İç Savaş’ın Halk ve Entelektüel Kesim Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Nuray Dönmez / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bunin, Rusya tarihinde derin izler bırakan 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nin hemen sonrasında günlük tutmaya başlar. Bu dönemlerde Rusya, devrim sonrası ülkenin maruz kaldığı İç Savaş içerisindedir. Ülkenin yaşadığı bu zorlu günlerde Bunin’in Lanetli Günler (Окаянные дни) adlı günlük şeklinde tuttuğu eseri, dönemin atmosferini yansıtması açısından oldukça önem taşır.

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Forced to Flee: A Case Study Analysis of Sexual Violence During the Syrian Civil War
4.50 €

Forced to Flee: A Case Study Analysis of Sexual Violence During the Syrian Civil War

Author(s): Emma von der Lieth / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the start of the Syrian Civil War, sexual violence has been rampant, causing most Syrians to cite rape as the primary reason for fleeing their home country. This paper explores the relationship between type of perpetrator and the use of sexual violence during armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic. This case study investigates pro-government, opposition, Kurdish, and jihadist groups and analyzes which groups utilize sexual violence and their motivations for doing so. The pro-government group includes the Syrian Arab Armed forces and the shabbiha militia. The jihadist group examined is ISIS, the opposition group is the Free Syrian Army (FSA), and the Kurdish group includes both the People’s Protection Units (YPG) and the Women’s Protection Units (YPJ). Sources for this research include various reports from nonprofit and non-governmental organizations such as the Human Rights Watch, as well as reports from the Syrian Network for Human Rights, United States Department of State, and articles from various news outlets including the BBC. Throughout this case study, various subjects are discussed, including the importance of Syria’s history, the use of female combatants, the effects of masculinity and patriarchy on the prevalence of sexual violence, and the use of women as spoils of war. All of these phenomena play an important role in explaining how and why perpetrators use sexual violence. This research shows that sexual violence is used purposefully by jihadist and pro-government groups in Syria, but for differing reasons. Pro-government groups use sexual violence against any whom they perceive to be the enemy, which they believe is any Syrian against the Alawite (Shia) Assad regime. On the other hand, ISIS is more likely than pro-government groups to use women as spoils of war. This is because of the group’s emphasis on sexual jihad, and their need to recruit members. With the use of women as spoils of war, ISIS promises members that they can do as they please with these women. The fear of becoming a sex slave for ISIS also helps the group to enforce discipline on the regions they capture. While there is extensive literature regarding the subject of violence against women in conflict, this research is unique in its examination of different types of perpetrators with a narrow focus on Syria. Most importantly, this research provides insight for policy makers around the world regarding the creation of sustainable policy solutions to eliminate sexual violence during conflict.

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From “Haponesa” to “Issei”: Ethnicized Identities of Okinawan War Brides in Post-War Philippines
4.50 €

From “Haponesa” to “Issei”: Ethnicized Identities of Okinawan War Brides in Post-War Philippines

Author(s): Johanna Zulueta / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper looks at these so-called “war brides” (Sensou hanayome) in the post-war Philippines, and their experiences upon migration to the Philippines in the 1950s to the 1960s. More specifically, I examine how ethnicity has become stigmatized in Philippine society of that time due mainly to wartime experiences. I also explore their how they lived their lives in varied degrees of discrimination, inclusion and exclusion. I particularly use the ascribed ethnic marker “Haponesa” or Japanese woman, in the Filipino vernacular, to illustrate how ethnicity has been stigmatized. I utilize life stories of those women who lived decades of their lives in the Philippines. While several of them choose to go back to Okinawa, many of them made the Philippines their home. Semi-structured interviews were done in 2009 and 2012, both in Okinawa and in the Philippines. I also use data I gathered in late 2011 to 2013, when I was doing on-and-off fieldwork in Okinawa.

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Karabağ’da Savaş ve Çocuklar
4.50 €

Karabağ’da Savaş ve Çocuklar

Author(s): Nesrin Sarıahmetoğlu-Karagür / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Savaşlar sebepleri, çeşitleri ve özellikleriyle ne kadar farklı olsa da hepsinin sonucu aynıdır. Dünyanın dengesi bozulur, milyonlarca insan ölür, şehirler dağılır, topraklar işgal edilir. İnsanların esaret, işkence, sürgün vb. pek çok olayla hayatları bir anda mahvolur. Savaşlarda bir süre sonra ahlaki, insani manevi değerler önemini kaybetmeye başlar.

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Budování ženijnětechnického zajištění v úseku 12. plánské pohraniční brigády

Budování ženijnětechnického zajištění v úseku 12. plánské pohraniční brigády

Author(s): Pavel Vaněk / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The study deals with the process of construction of so called engineering measures in the area of one of the Border Guard brigades – the 12th Border Guard brigade whose command was in Planá. It discusses the different types of measures: trap lights, control zone, clearings, three-wall barricade and its electrification and mining. The construction started in the second half of the year 1951. The time schedule of the action proved the work was done in haste. Many tasks had to be performed again, either due to a partial destruction of the barrier walls after trunks and stumps had been pulled out from the inside of the wired barricade or after mines had spontaneously exploded. We can conclude that the so called engineering measures were completed by the end of 1953, though not entirely without problems in the forest parts.

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Horse Burials among the Lombards and Avars
5.00 €

Horse Burials among the Lombards and Avars

Author(s): Annamaria Fedele / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In Lombard cemeteries there are numerous burial pits containing horses, confirming that this animal was the sacrificial victim par excellence among Germanic and Nomadic cultures in the Early Middle Ages. The majority of horse burials found in Italy shows similar deposition methods to some discovered in the cemeteries of Central and Eastern Europe, which belong to both Lombards and other Germanic peoples. This permits tracing of the main characteristics of the Germanic funerary custom, and its differentiation from another ritual recognised in the Italian cemetery of Campochiaro (Southern Italy, Molise), where horses were buried in a manner similar to that observed among the Avars, a nomadic population who settled in the Carpathian Basin in the last decades of the 6th century AD. This paper describes the main archaeological discoveries in Italy, with the aim of clarifying the distinctions between the two cultural heritages identified there, and providing some explanations thereof.

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Ispred svog vremena?

Ispred svog vremena?

Author(s): Vesna Teršelič,Mirjana Bilopavlović,Goran Božičević,Nenad Zakošek,Dejan Jović,Katarina Kruhonja,Tin Gazivoda,Iva Zenzerović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Transkript okruglog stola “Antiratna Kampanja 1991. – 2011.: Dvadeset godina ispred svoga vremena” održanog 4. srpnja 2011. u Kući ljudskih prava, Zagreb Govornici: Mirjana Bilopavlović, Goran Božičević, Dejan Jović, Katarina Kruhonja, Vesna Teršelič

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Antemurale Christianitatis hrvatske usmene književnosti: graničarski mentalitet Dalmacije kroz usmenu epsku pjesmu i kulturalno pamćenje o hrvatsko-osmanskim ratovima

Antemurale Christianitatis hrvatske usmene književnosti: graničarski mentalitet Dalmacije kroz usmenu epsku pjesmu i kulturalno pamćenje o hrvatsko-osmanskim ratovima

Author(s): Vanda Babić,Denis Vekić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the motives of cultural memory which were recorded in the oral epic poems and in the tradition in Dalmatia (the Neretva Valley and Boka kotorska). The territory of Dalmatia bordered with the Ottoman Empire at the time of the Croatian-Ottoman wars, thus the oral literature of this area produced oral epic poem as a reflection of forced war and fateful contacts. Living on the frontier of Christianity and Islam has brought up a special frontier mentality which can be traced in modernity, not only through the preservation of the heritage festivities, but also through collective memory which defines the importance of the survival of everything that is geologically and culturally on margin with the threatening “other”.

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