"AUTOBIOGRAFSKI UGOVOR" RATNOG PISMA S POTPISOM ALENKE MIRKOVIĆ I GROZDANE CVITAN

Author(s): Miranda Levanat-Pericic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2016

This paper deals with the relationship of the wartime literature and the autobiographical discourse in the fictional and non-fictional texts written by two contemporary Croatian authoresses, Alenka Mirković and Grozdana Cvitan. From the receptional point of view, when the autobiographical discourse connects with the wartime themes, the importance of the social status of the author is substituted by the socially important topics, and the question of “who has the right to the story of his own life” (Velčić 1991) turns into a question of “what is a socially relevant theme?” Prevalence of topics that are important to collective memory in wartime literature is almost self-explanatory; this kind of topic is selected by Alenka Mirković in her Vukovar war chronicle 97.6 Mhz. Glasom protiv topova. Mala ratna kronika ((11996, 22011). While the novel written by Alenka Mirković meets the reader’s expectations by offering “autobiographical contract” (Ph. Lejeune) in which the name on the cover guarantees the identity of the author and the narrator, in short stories written by Grozdana Cvitan, Psi rata i druge bestije (2007), a war reality becomes awider framework of literary (self)reflection with an absence of documentarity. Although in her war stories there is no classic autobiographical contract (since there is no correspondence between the name of the author and narrator), the character of the narrator who listens leaving the others to become the main protagonists, guarantees an authentic cover for mediation of autobiographical testimony.

"Bleiburg" and the British Treatment of Croatian Collaborators 1945-48

Author(s): Bernd Robionek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This article highlights ways in which British military and political personnel acted towards Croatian refugees fleeing the Communist takeover in the final stages of World War II and thereafter. Although events relating to the surrender o f various pro-German and anti-Communist forces at Bleiburg, a town in south Austria near the border with Yugoslavia, and the following quarrel over "war criminals" from Yugoslavia is a complex affair, this contribution examines sources shedding light on British perspectives on the Croatian part, notwithstanding that the developments and problems treated here also affected Serbian, Slovenian and (ethnic) German nationals. As a result of this study, the changes in the intentions of the decision makers in London as well as the principal-agent problem become transparent.

"Detskí vojaci" na stránkach zahraničných učebníc dejepisu

Author(s): Adam Suchonski / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2009

Despite the two great wars in the 20th century the world is still harassed by many war conflicts, mainly of regional character. In these conflicts, children soldiers are often involved. Owing to this fact we should attempt to answer a question whether this issue is given due emphasis in history course-books and how the issue is presented. The author examined a selection of foreign course-books, which was possible due to a collection assembled by the Georg Eckert Institute in Braunschweig. A selective analysis of them provides evidence that their authors often concentrate on this interesting issue. Presentation of children soldiers in history course-books has a positive impact upon sensitising young people, the future citizens of the world, to the tragic fate of their peers. Nevertheless, the adults still give guns to the juveniles and make them kill other people. Now it depends on them whether the term ‘children soldiers' will be sent to history.

"Ludobójstwo dokonane przez nacjonalistów ukraińskich na Polakach w województwie tarnopolskim", Henryk Komański, Wrocław 2004.

Author(s): Józef Mandziuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 13/2006

"PARTIZAN PLUS" IZ PRVE PROLETERSKE

Author(s): Omer Hamzic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 16/2003

Otišao je još jedan, među posljednjim, iz stroja Prve proleterske brigade, one koja je formirana, kako su nas učili, “u malom bosanskom gradiću Rudom, 22. decembra, 1941. godine.” To smo slavili kao Dan armije, kojoj je pjesnik nekada ushićeno nazdravljao: “Stupaj, slavne zastave razvij, ponosna čelična zbita…” Tada smo slavili i tu vojsku i njenog vrhovnog komandanta Tita. Danas je sve manje njegovih saboraca među živima i sve manje sjećanja na njih. Odlaze tiho, zaboravljeni i ostavljeni od historije, koja se tako grubo poigrala sa idealima za koje su se borili i ginuli.

"Sve što smo imali, sve što smo bili, svelo se na uspomene". Osobne Pripovijesti i pisma prognanika iz istočne Slavonije

Author(s): Irena Plejic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 15/1992

Based on three personal narratives and three letters of refugees from war struck regions of Croatia, the author investigates how such accounts can be approached as ethnographic data, the structure and contents of these accounts reveal that the war and refugee experience have influenced the way the refugees see themselves and think about certain core values of their culture. The author brings some insightful observations about the war as a period of reversed order, about gradual transformation of the cosmopolitan attitude of the inhabitants of Vukovar, about photographs and other mementos saved from the family house, which is seen as an irreplaceable determinant of the identity of the refugees, and finally, about the iconography of the refugees' current living quartos.

"THE CHRIST LOVING ARMY" BETWEEN WISH AND REALITY

Author(s): Mihai Bruma / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2009

In this work are presented: the subject of the relationship between military profession and Christian ethics by using the inspired phrase "The Christ loving Army"; the Relationship between Military Profession and Christian Ethics; the advantages of practicing Military Profession by applying the principles of Christian Ethics and suggestions.

"Tod sekla bridka bodo jekla"

arheološko dokumentiranje bojišča prve svetovne vojne ter oborožitev avstro-ogrske in italijanske armade na Rombonu

Author(s): Uroš Košir / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2014

The following contribution describes the results of the archaeological survey of the high mountain range battlefield at Mt Rombon, where the Austro-Hungarian and Italian Armies fought between 1915 and 1917. An analysis of modern aerial photographs, revealing numerous fire and communivcation trenches as well as terraces for military barracks, was carried out, while the field survey involved the photographic documenting and mapping of the various positions with the aid of the global positioning system (GPS). The author shows the situation at the individual selected areas of the former battlefield, and he also focuses on the certain aspects of structuring the military positions and their adaptation to the natural circumstances in the high mountain enviroment. On the basis of selected finds from private museum collections, an analysis and presentation of the armament of the Austro-Hungarian and Italian Armies at Rombon was also carried out. This was one of the few examples of the archaeological research of the Soča Front, which would also deserve more attention from the archaeological science.

"Ковачница за мъже" или ... задължителната наборна казарма в представите на българина през Социализма

Author(s): Iliya Valev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2014

One widespread proverb in Bulgaria, knowing some different versions, says that “Man, who did not passed conscription is not a man”, “A boy, who failed to enter military service is second-hand man”, “A man, who has not walked as a soldier knows nothing”. What exactly is conscription according to public understanding of Bulgarians? What attitudes have the society to compulsory conscription? Frontier of what is the portal on the military unit? These and other issues related to conscription during socialism will be explored.

(Не)реална очекивања југословенско-совјетски војни преговори 1948.

Author(s): Aleksandar Životic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2014

Yugoslav-Soviet military negotiations were initiated in an already tensed relations related to Yugoslav attitude towards the question of Balkan federation, Greek civil war and Yugoslav presence in Albania. Ambitious plans of economical and military development were contrary to country's actual possibilites as well with potential Soviet assistance. Unreallistic and overambitious Yugoslav plans for strenghtening of military industry, creation of strong, numerous and up to date equiped army, as well navy capable to react not only to defend its own coast encountered the Soviet restraint. In several occasions Soviets demonstrated willingnes to help Yugoslavs within the boundaries of their own reallistic possibilities. Disagreements between the two concepts of development, as well Yugoslav insisting on realization of their own plans resulted in Soviet denial of further assistance. Failure in military negotiations coincided with the beggining of Yugoslav-Soviet conflict which finaly led to complete interruption of military cooperation.

,,Смем ли се ја, син таквог оца осрамоћен вратити у Србију“: Александар, син Живојина Мишића у руском јункерском училишту

Author(s): Vasily Borisovich Kashirin / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2008

This article looks at an interesting and as yet completely unknown episode in the life of Aleksandr Mishich, son of a prominent Serbian commander field-marshal Zhivoin Mishich (1855-1921). Aleksandr Mishich (1891-1941) served as an officer in the Balkan wars of 1912-13 and in the First World War. In 1941 he died heroically as one of the leaders of the chethnic movement in Yugoslavia. One of the blank pages in his biography is the time he spent in Russia from 1908 to 1912, where he tried to receive a military education. This article, based on previously unknown documents from the Russian State Military History Archive and the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire looks at how Mishich and his two Serbian friends joined the Vilna Infantry Junker school, their subsequent expulsion, acute conflict with the college’s authorities and the long and unsuccessful efforts of the three Serbs to obtain a review of their case from the military-bureaucratic machine of the Russian empire. The article also examines the discussions which took part between Russian authorities at interdepartmental level concerning the education of southern Slavs in military institutions of the Russian empire, which coincided with Mishich’s presence in Russia. The difference in opinion of representatives from the Russian military and diplomatic institutions on the problems of raising the effectiveness and the goals of Russian military-educational policy towards southern Slavs is shown. Also covered are the circumstances regarding the preparation of the Rules of admission of subjects of south Slavic states into Russian military-educational institutions, approved in 1912. This article can be of interest to all those interested in the life of field-marshal Zhivoin Mishic and his family, as well as in the questions of Russo-Serbian cooperation in the sphere of military education at the start of the 20th century.

100 години от Балканските войни. Извори и документи. Международна научна конференция, 11 ноември 2013 г. Съставител Ал. Гребенаров. Институт за исторически изследвания – БАН. С., 2015, 664 с. ISBN 978-954-2903-17-8

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2015

130 година организованих војноисторијских истраживања у Србији - Избор излагања са округлог стола о решавању статуса Војноисторијског института (1. фебруар 2006.)

Author(s): Ljubodrag Dimic,Milan Ristovic,Miroslav Jovanovic,Dragan Bogetic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2006

Уочи обележавања 130-те годишњице организованих војноисторијских истраживања у Србији (5. фебруар 1876, дан оснивања Историјског одељењa Главног ђенералштаба српске војске), одржан је, 1. фебруара 2006. године, Округли сто у Дому војске Србије и Црне Горе, у организацији Војноисторијског института (ВИИ). Повод за његово одржавање биле су најаве и планови за решење статуса Војноисторијског института, односно његовог укидања као самосталне установе. [...]

13th International Congress of Thracology Ancient Thrace: Myth and Reality, Kazanlak, 2-7 September 2017

Author(s): Miroslav Izdimirski,Ruja Popova / Language(s): English / Issue: 23-24/2017

1468/9 Tahririne Göre Bosna Sancağinda Timâr

Author(s): Hatice Oruç / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 67/2017

The summary defter MC.076 held at Atatürk Library (listed in the Muallim Cevdet Manuscript Catalogue) is the oldest surviving tahrîr defter drawn up after the establishment of the Bosnian Sanjak. It includes invaluable information on the timâr system and transfer of the new conquered region over to Ottoman rule, making it priceless for historians working in this field. The content of the defter may be evaluated under two categories: I) The original records of the defter arranged between 1468 and 1469; II) The marginal notes that were added to the defter on various dates between 1469 and 1477, following its completion and approval. The original entries, covering the years between 1468 and 1469, show the distribution of ‘khâss’, ‘zeâmet’ and ‘timâr’ to the members of the military class in exchange for their service. The marginal notes added later on show the modifications made to the amount of timâr allocated to the persons in question, such as its cancellation, transfer or increase. In addition to providing the names of the timâr holders, the defter also contains addition information about them. This study will focus on the timâr entries in the 1468/9 dated summary (mücmel) defter in order to evaluate the timâr system and its distribution in the Bosnian Sanjak.

18. Yüzyıl Başlarında Rusya’nın Kafkasya Siyaseti: I. Petro’nun İran Seferi

Author(s): Serdar Oguzhan Çaycioglu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 0/2017

Russia followed the policy of landing on the Black Sea in the time of Peter the Great. However, Russia was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in Prut. Afterwards Russia turned to the direction of the Caspian Sea. At the beginning of the 18th century Russia started Iranian expedition in order to control the Caucasus and to the western coasts of the Caspian Sea. However, Russia encountered with the intervention of the Ottoman Empire. This article focus on Russian-Ottoman strugle in the Caucasus and Russia’s Iranian expedition of. In addition, the political and military actions of the Ottoman Empire against Russia’s Iranian expeditions were evaluated. Another issue that is emphasized is the role of the Lezgi issue in the Ottoman-Russian struggle in the Caucasus. On the other hand, the Istanbul Treaty which was signed at the end of the struggle and its results were evaluated.

1848‒1849 traumájának felidézése az 1852-es császári utazás során

Author(s): Orsolya Manhercz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2015

The evocation of the Hungarian revolution and fight for independence of 1848–1849 was given great emphasis when Austrian emperor (and Hungarian king) Francis Joseph visited Hungary in 1852. The erections of memorials – such as the inauguration of the Heinzi statue –, as well as the visits made to battlefields and fortresses, were a clear indication of the fact that the emperor and the government could not easily liberate themselves from the memory of what had happened a few years before. On the other side of the events emphasized by the imperial program there were as a matter of fact Hungarian successes and losses, to which memorial places and commemorations were likewise connected. The ambivalence caused by the contrasting emotions evoked by the revolution and the consequent events could hardly be dissolved. Indeed, this ambivalence remained a constant trait of the long reign of Francis Joseph. Apparently, the journey of 1852 proved that the new administrative system was a success, as no atrocities took place during the imperial visit. Although the public feeling was far from ideal, it was hoped that this would also change with the passing of time, and the Bach regime would be consolidated in Hungary as well. Yet a successful policy in Hungary was conditional upon at least some gestures of reconciliation. The course of policy advocated by prime minister Felix Schwarzenberg, based on the idea of the greater German unity, counted with the keeping of Hungary within the Empire, and thus aimed at the pacification of the Hungarians as soon as possible. However, no trace of this intention can be found in the imperial representation and propaganda which manifested themselves in the emperor’s journey of 1852.

1855 KARS ZAFERİNİN KAZANILMASINDA KARS AHALİSİNİN FEDAKÂRLIĞI

Author(s): Oktay Kizilkaya / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 39/2018

The problems that began in 1848 between the Ottoman Empire and Russia and the administration of the Italy Places ın Jerusalem, have caused tensions between the two countries. When tensions between the two countries were not resolved by diplomatic means, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire in 1853 in order to adopt its demands. In 1853, Russia and the Balkan, the Caucasus and the Crimea were fought on three fronts, attacking the Balkan territories of the ottomans. One of the fought fronts, the focal point of the Caucasus Cephas, has been Kars and its environments. From April 1855, battles began with the Russian army entering the borders of Kars. While several Russian advanced operations were stopped during the battles, the Russian were not aged and managed to protect the city of Kars in June 1855. Between June 1855 – September 1855 the people of Kars fought a sacrifice against Russian attacks with the Ottoman military. In particular, the Russians who wanted to take over the city of Kars on September 29, 1855, made a major attack. In this study, the people of Kars along with the Ottoman/Turkish military in Kars, have shown great patriotism and sacrifice during the cessation of the Russian attack. This patriotism and sacrifice was appreciated by the Ottoman Empire and three different medals were printed with the name “Kars medal” as gold, silver and bronze. These medals are given as evidence to the patriotism of the soldiers and the people who have sacrificed.

1877-1878 OSMANLI-RUS SAVAŞI SIRASINDA KARADAĞ SINIRINDAKİ ASKERÎ DURUM ÜZERİNE BİR İNGİLİZ SUBAYIN MEMORANDUMU

Author(s): Bülent Akyay / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2015

The revolt in Herzegovina in 1875, constituted the beginning of a new crisis in the Eastern Question. Within the balance of European Powers, this crisis had become an international problem with the intervention of the Great Powers. The course following the revolt had left Ottoman Empire in a difficult position and Pan-Slavism made feel the full weight for Ottomans during the period with the events like the Bulgarian Rebellion of 1876, Ottoman-Serbian-Montenegrin War of 1876, The Conference of Istanbul (Tersane) in 1876, and finally, these events caused to the “War of 93” known as the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. During the war time, British intelligence officer Captain F.C.H. Clarke informed his country with his reports regarding the Ottoman Balkan frontiers. In this paper, the military position on both sides of the frontier between the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro will be discussed within the framework of Captain Clarke’s memorandum dated as October 1st, 1877.

1886: Experimentarea şi brevetarea sistemelor de propulsie reactivă concepute şi realizate de Alexandru Ciurcu

Author(s): Nicolae Florin ZAGANESCU,Constantin Marcian GHEORGHE / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2018

Alexandru Ciurcu was born at 29thJanuary 1854 inTransylvania (then in Austria-Hungary) where his Romanian parents took refuge after the 1848 revolution. Between 1876 and 1885, working as journalist in Bucharest, he invented a „jet cylinder”: a prototype of the future propulsion system he will make later in Paris with his friend Just Buisson. Ciurcu and Buisson tested the system on a boat, navigating upstream Seine River on 13thAugust 1886; so, 131 years ago, they tested the first manned vehicle ever powered by jet propulsion!On 12th October 1886, they received a French Patent for “Reactive propulsion system”.Before contract signing with French Civil Navigation Ministry, they made a last test on 16th December 1886; unfortunately, a pressurised container exploded, killing Buisson and anassistant. Ciurcu, wounded, survived. He later resumed testing the system on a railroad trolley; successfully, but not enough to develop an airship propulsion system.