Modelul gazetăresc al banditului social în romanul tâlhăresc al secolului al XIX-lea

Author(s): Alexandra Olteanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The popularity of the idea of social banditry is closely related to the socio-historical, economic and cultural context, and literature and history only record the reasons why the noble thief, in many variants the outlaw, become some of the central figures of the Romanian historical novel of the 19th century. The outlaw novel is detached from the literary body of the hajduk prose and proposes another series of motives for the actions of the main characters. Cruelty is no longer euphemized by the oversize of the noble character, and the passionate prowess, selfishness, and murder foreshadow the outlaw’s refuge in a society of outcasts, which opposes the official societal model. Through the character of the social outlaw, Panait Macri and Ilie Ighel propose another model of social bandit, the thief who, although initially occupying a privileged social position in the community to which he belongs, commits out of passion a gruesome crime, which will serve as an occasion for his exclusion from the community structure from which he claims. The social thief renounces the aura of vigilante or protector of the horned, and, yielding to the dark desires for the attainment of personal power and prosperity, becomes the embodiment of the evil to be feared, a hypostasis which does not make him repugnant in the collective imagination but, on the contrary, attractive.

Софийските мъченици от XVI в. като продължение на „плана Кантакузин“

Author(s): Ancho Kaloyanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The martyrdom feats of George the New of Sofia, George the Newest of Sofia and Nicholas of Sofia the New for the Christian faith are organised by the Athos School for New Martyrdom, established in 1500. Considering their sequence (in 1515, 1540 and 1559) and the chosen location, they appear to be a continuation of the Kantakouzenos Plan from the last three decades of the 15th century, according to which the Patriarchate of Constantinople made an unsuccessful attempt to separate the Rila Monastery from the Great Church of Tsarevgrad Tarnov. Through the Athos import of new martyrdom in Sofia in the first half of the 16th century, the Patriarchate aimed to discredit the authority of the Great Church in order to seize the diocese of the Sofia Metropolitanate. However, this attempt was not successful: with the third martyr, the Bulgarians recognised the robber and his feat remained unheard, and the Torture of Nicholas of Sofia the New became known as late as in 1879 when its only copy by the Russian Slavist Polychronios Syrku was discovered in the Sofia Metropolitan Church.

LIFE OR THEATER?

Author(s): Anca Bădulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2019

This article focuses on the French novelist’s work Charlotte, a biographical novel/ poem in prose which follows step by step the very short life of the Jewish-German expressionist painter, Charlotte Salomon. Beyond the tragic destiny of the artist this novel condemns once more the most disastrous derailing in human history: the Holocaust. Consequently, this article is meant as a warning against the rising nationalist, racist and anti-Semitic voices in our world.

THE IMAGE OF ROMANIAN STATE IN BUKOVINA BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS

Author(s): Radu Florian Bruja / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2019

For Bukovina, the inter-war period represented the administrative, economic and political connection to the Romanian national state. However, this process was very complex and involved all of Bukovina’s economical and political forces. Still, the reality of the unification disappointed many Bukovina citizens due to their status in Greater Romania and the difficult administrative unification process of the provinces in the Romanian state’s national project. In this period, the myth of the corrupt inhabitant of the Old Kingdom appeared. Even if it has no basis, this myth still exists. The enthusiastic approach to the Union gradually disappeared and was replaced by the disappointment of the administrative unification, the hurting of the local pride and the loss of a privileged status for the Northern Province. Along with this, the nostalgia for the correctitude of the Austrian regime arose. The Bukovina intelligentsia was the first one to criticize the flaws of the Romanian inter-war political system, the administrative corruption, and the vices of politicians from Bucharest. The frustrations of Bukovina inhabitants derived as a provincial complex due to the superiority and the arrogance of the Bucharest authorities in dealing with them. The nomination of the persons outside Bukovina to the management of the counties and state institutions led to numerous complaints. The image of the regatean, the inhabitant of the Old Kingdom, was a negative one, associated with corruption, demagogic politics, Balkanism, and Levantism. To this situation, a naïve sense of superiority of people from Bukovina added, which had its origins in the appurtenance to the Central European civilization, under Austrian leadership.

Онимни следи от българите в Бахчисарай (Крим)

Author(s): Mariyana Parzulova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of the study is the onymy (oikonymy, ethnonymy, oronymy, toponymy, castelonymy, hydronymy, etc.) of the city of Bakhchisaray, located in the territory of the Crimean peninsula, which proves that for centuries there, lived many tribes and nations. Bulgarians who were deported in 1944 to distant parts of the former USSR moved to this territory during the Russo-Turkish wars in the 19th century, and in the 1990s began to return to Crimea. Today in Bakhchisaray our compatriots continue to live, as evidenced by some anthroponyms, eortonyms and others.

Националният църковен историко-археологически музей в социокултурното пространство

Author(s): Anka Ignatova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The National Church Historical and Archaeological Museum is one of the biggest and oldest museums in Bulgaria and is in possession of a unique fund of movable cultural valuables belonging to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The aim of the present paper is to present the role of the museum in the socio-cultural space accentuating on the different forms of communication within the territory of the museum as well as outside it. The analysis of the museum’s activities shows that the National Church Historical and Archaeological Museum still remains a classical type of museum failing to be in line with the notion of a modern museum institution. In this connection, concrete suggestions are offered with a view to its wider opening to the audience.

Топонимията и нейната роля за подчертаването на динамиката на ландшафта

Author(s): Cristina Mihălţeanu / Language(s): Turkish,English,Romanian Issue: 1/2017

The present work contains an analysis of the Southern Dobruja’s toponyms, proving the permanent existence in this region of an autochtonous population, dating from the times of Getae and the Romans and to this day, irrespective of the domination oppressing them. The elements of the natural environment were reflected in the toponymy, some of the localities borrowing their names from the characteristics of the relief or of the geological features of the land. Most of the toponyms in Southern Dobruja are of Turkish origin, bearing diversified meanings, sometimes being the names of the settlers, of the prevailing economic activities or human specificity.

За балканската култура през призмата на пловдивската урбанонимия

Author(s): Krasimir Koilov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The city’s urbanonyms are able to trace the cultural and historical development not only of the populated area, but also of a whole nation. Urbanonyms not only have an address function but are also a mediator for the preservation of the spiritual heritage. Plovdiv’s urbanonyms are an example of the cultural ties that have existed for centuries between the peoples of the Balkan peninsula.

Религия и идентичност (на примера на селища в района на Герлово)

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

In the paper, the author concentrates her attention upon two villages in the region – Ak dere yakasý (present-day Byala reka) and Alvanlar (present-day Yablanovo), which appear to be indicative for the religious identity of the Muslim population that inhabited them. The religious symbiosis was expressed in a local interlacement between the orthodox Islam and its heterodox variation within the boundaries of a given town or village. Nowadays they are an example of a typical orthodox Muslim centre, such as Byala Reka village, and of a heterodox centre – such as Yablanovo. These two villages were an original demonstration of a widespread religious phenomenon, which occurred in other towns and villages in the whole region during the 16th – 17th centuries. They broke up the traditional notion of the meeting of Christianity and orthodox Islam and posed the interesting problem about the religious identity of the people living in Gerlovo.

Личното и обществено пространство на търговците в Румелия през ХVI – XVII век (по примера на Филибе и София)

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article discusses the personal and public space of the merchants in Rumelia in the city space of Filibe and Sofia. The main criteria for the distribution of the cities in the Ottoman Empire and the special place occupied by the two consecutive centres of Pasha Sanjak are presented. An attempt is made to trace the history of the coming into existence of the craftguilds and their professional and public functions, which is perceived as a main common feature among all the traders in the Empire. Several paragraphs of the paper are devoted to factors affecting traders: the geographical extent of the activities being performed; the goods traded – adapted to a specific market in a given city or exported outside the Ottoman Empire; the confessional belonging of traders; the producers engaged in trade or resale. All these circumstances determined one’s attitude towards the market, the workers, a city and the Empire, and, after that, towards religion, the education system, etc. Attention is paid to the activities of the people from Dubrovnik. Their colonies were established in towns attractive for their geographic situation or well developed economic relations with the different parts of the Empire. It is for this reason that they set up their communities in Filibe and Sofia. Individual motives for starting a certain entrepreneurial activity, the attitude of the central government to the confessional communities, etc. are also examined. The space around the carsi shops absorbed the everyday life of their owners. This was easily noticeable because it had different functions throughout the different parts of the day. During the business hours, all the activities related to the exchange of goods were done in the open, in front of the participants in the process. Within the framework of this process, the meeting with the other important subject of the commercial activity – the client – was realized. It was then that the shop changes its appearance. It had to become an attractive centre but a number of circumstances had to be available for this: a key location, high quality of the range of goods offered, and the seller’s talent. In the course of the day, it was transformed, its appearance was changed, the leading figures as well. The communication with the customers was ousted by the relations between apprentice and master. All this means that the workshops (and subsequently the offices) should not be regarded as a “room with the instruments belonging to it”, but as essential centres of communication between people from one and the same guild. Apart from their main commercial functions, the workshops could also have specific ones as for example guaranteeing the regulation of the rights of women in the family. The influence of merchants on urban architecture, planning and art is also discussed in the paper.

Поглед към имотното състояние и доходите на свещениците в Търновско през XIX век

Author(s): Gergana Georgieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The clergy was an important part of the local elite in the Balkans and performed variety of functions. The priests were not only religious leaders but also community leaders who united and lead the members of Christian communities. In some cases, they acted as mediators between the local communities and the official authorities; often they pursued teacher’s career as an additional occupation to priesthood; and they were the most educated people in a given area and formed the substantial part of the intellectual elite. Definitely, they were among those people who influenced the life of the local communities. Therefore, it is useful to develop their group portrait by exploring the financial status and everyday aspects of their life. The study explores as case studies two villages in the central part of the Balkan Mountains – Arbanassi and Lyaskovets. In the 19th c., they were villages de jure, but de facto they functioned as small prosperous towns. Those two settlements could be characterized not only by their economic activity, but also by their strong relationship with the Orthodox Church.

Благотворителност и Църква през 30-те – 40-те години на ХХ век в Търновска епархия (по документи от Държавен архив – В. Търново)

Author(s): Lora Doncheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article is an attempt to reveal the charity activity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the Tarnovo diocese in the second half of the 1930s and the late 1940s. The chronological limits of the study are determined by the election of Znepolski bishop Sophronius for Metropolitan of Tarnovo in 1935 and the adoption of the Law of Religious Denominations in 1949, that put an end to charity activity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The article clarifies the relationship between the state and the Church in the sphere of charity activity before and after September 9, 1944.

Възможности за развитие на културния туризъм в област Стара Загора

Author(s): Angel Sherilov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The history of Stara Zagora determines some of the most remarkable features of its identity. Today Stara Zagora is a logical consequence of the intertwining of different historical epochs of the past eight millennia. Every era has created certain tangible and intangible traces, spatial structures and cultural models, source of inspiration and knowledge for today. In recent decades, historical sites and their full expression is recognized as a factor in economic development. A similar idea becomes reasonable storage and modern interpretation of history, an important challenge for the Municipal Development Plan of the Municipality of Stara Zagora. Prehistory left the Bereket mound, representing the largest prehistoric structure in Bulgaria and the Neolithic dwellings, which are a unique source of information about lifestyle before eight millennia. Material historical sites and various cultural patterns were formed in time. It is the understanding that the legacy goes beyond the framework of legally defined cultural values, that is, objects placed under legal protection. Particularly relevant is the theme of the economic significance of the cultural heritage, seen as a prerequisite for the development of the tourism sector and its associated service functions. Attractiveness of cultural values, combined with planned and built adjacent environment, create a tourist product which is high in quality.

Историческая топонимия провинции Родопа. Этимологические и лингвострановедческие аспекты

Author(s): Aleksandr Shaposhnikov / Language(s): Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Issue: 1/2018

Фірмоніми як компонент сучасної мовної картини України (на матеріалі назв м. Дніпра)

Author(s): Yaroslava Ribalka,Olena Stepanenko / Language(s): English,Ukrainian Issue: 1/2018

In article features of a history Ukrainian names of firms are traced, traditions names of Dnepro’s firms are investigated. Are analyzed names of firms different spheres and directions (trading and on granting services), various to destination and the consumer (legal, medical, building, grocery etc., nurseries, female, man’s). The characteristic both positive, and to negative examples is given. Materials of article can interest as scientific, and everyone who is interested in problems of language.

Урбаноніми у рекламних текстах фармацевтичних препаратів як джерело вивчення історії міста Одеси

Author(s): Svitlana Nasakina / Language(s): English,Ukrainian Issue: 1/2018

The article deals with the functioning of urbanonyms in pharmaceuticals advertising texts. The purpose of the article is the defining the specifics of the urbanonyms functioning in pharmaceuticals advertising texts. It is presented a brief description of urbanonyms in different historical periods. It is proved that urbanonyms serve as the additional source of historical documents, they promote disclosure of advertising text’s ideas. It is rather nominally created urbanonyms classification in pharmaceuticals advertising texts, according to which the following urbanonyms groups are presented: 1) outstanding persons in Odessa or the country; 2) the names of other cities; 3) the names of nations; 4) famous scientists, 5) writers. It is eliminated nominative, information and advertising, cultural and symbolic functions of urbanonyms in pharmaceuticals advertising texts.

Хасковският чорбаджия Христодул Вълчев Шишманов (1784–1870) между легендата и историческите факти. Биографичен очерк

Author(s): Veselina Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Hristodul Valchev Shishmanov /1784-1870/ is among the prominent historical figures from Haskovo with an interesting biography, sounding at times like a legend. Therefore, over the years, great interest has been shown in his life, but so far no research has been written about him and his family. Attempts at a comprehensive study to present the personality of Hristodul V. Shishmanov – one of the brightest Haskovo revivalists and his family, have not been made. Representatives of the family are mentioned in various studies in connection with different historical events. This adds to their genealogical history but is not a complete study of it. In 2021, one of the descendants of the family provided the Regional History Museum in Haskovo with a family tree and helped clarify many unknown moments in the history of both the family itself and the city of Haskovo.

Obóz przy ul. Przemysłowej w Łodzi i powojenne rozliczenia z jego historią

Author(s): Tomasz Toborek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Polen-Jugendverwahrlager der Sicherheitspolizei in Litzmannstadt commonly referred to as the camp on Przemysłowa Street in Łódź, in operation between December 1942 and 19 January 1945 was a very special place. This is because it was the only place where exclusively children were held under conditions comparable to concentration camps. The article takes a closer look at the reality that minor prisoners had to face and the history of this cruel place. The most important theme, however, is the post-war reckoning with the history of the camp, mainly in the form of trials of child abusers. We also learn how the history of the camp was manipulated in the post-war era to achieve the desired propaganda effect and how its history and victims were being exploited. The author is highly critical of the content of the only monograph on the camp by Józef Witkowski and describes in detail the notorious court case of Eugenia Pol from 1970–1976. She was then sentenced to 25 years in prison. To this day, it is difficult to determine whether the camp supervisor was in fact a ruthless torturer or a victim of a judicial crime. Without settling the issue definitively, the author presents how the unreliable conduct of Eugenia Pol’s trial today hinders the search for the truth and is a pretext for further misrepresentations and manipulations.

Romos, jud. Hunedoara: înscrierea țăranilor în gospodăria agricolă colectivă. Între istorie și memorie

Author(s): Adela Emanuela Ordean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2022

After several decades of the official and national socialist process of agricultural transformation, located in Transylvanian settlement of Romos, marked out by archives and collective memory, the first enrolments in agricultural cooperatives are registered. During this decade (1949-1959), our research through the enlightened space of this allocated task, revealed staggering waves, created by the wind of communist repression, turbulent experiences, which our elders couldn’t forget. Liquidation of private propriety, phenomenon of “kulakusation-diskulakusation”, quota system, threatening, pressure, resilience, physical and/or psychological violence, arrest, detention, deportation and forced domicile, all these evoke difficult times, which as we expected couldn’t be forgotten.

Голод в Казакской АССР в 1930-е годы: историографический дрейф

Author(s): Gennady E. Kornilov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 42/2023

The famine in the USSR in the early 1930s as a historical fact has been the focus of scholarly journals over last 30 years; the media are especially active in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The article analyzes historiography of famine in Kazakhstan by Kazakh and foreign (Russian, Ukrainian, American, Italian and German) scholars. A noticeable increase in special publication activity took place in the first half of the 1990s; a new surge of interest in the topic emerged in the 2010s, especially among Western European and American historians. In Kazakhstan, it continues to this day and is increasingly acquiring a political connotation. Some Kazakh historians interpret asharshylyk (famine in Kazakh) as famine, that is, following the Ukrainian interpretation of famine as genocide, ethnocide of the Kazakh people. Such publications are characterized by the neglect of available historical documents on the topic and a descriptive method of research, when the main emphasis is placed on suffering of the starving people. The article focuses on the analysis of three debatable issues: the time of the famine, losses in manpower, and mass resettlement of the population. Currently in historiography there are different interpretations of the chronological framework; the scale of the catastrophe; various estimations of the losses and population migration (migration, as a result of sedentarization and collectivization) in the Autonomous Republic under conditions of famine; there is no clear definition of the geography of famine. The article attributes it to different methodological approaches. The greatest results in the study of the topic can be obtained by means of approaches proposed by the Russian researcher P.A.Sorokin and the Irish scholar Komrak O’Grad. Further research is impossible without a thorough study of the already published documents and expanding the source base.