Wykorzystanie programów nauczania szkół powszechnych po reformie z 1932 roku w kształceniu i wychowaniu spółdzielczym

Author(s): Elżbieta Magiera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2015

The article shows the problems of cooperative movement in the curricula of Polish elementaryschools after the reform of 1932. Issues related to cooperatives were captured among the slogansof the program, but did not constitute a consistent system of knowledge. The teacher of each subject was able to address the issues of cooperative movement, using the curriculum in a adequateway. The elementary schools’ curricula reformed in 1932 were indented to popularize the cooperative issues among students, so that they would equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills as well as shape attitudes required to work in a students’ cooperative. Implementing the programto the contents of the individual subjects also led to the understanding of the need for adults’ cooperatives. Such treatment favored the connection of the curricula with the economic life of interwar Poland and stimulation of the process of learning with the examples of cooperatives workingin the closest environment.

Krzysztof Płachciński, Działania zbrojne na ziemi konińskiej w czasie powstania styczniowego 1863-1864, Warszawa 2019, ss. 475, il.

Author(s): Mariusz Kulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: VIII/2021

“They Steal it from the Sultan’s Pharmacy.” Pharmaceuticals and Medicines in Early Modern Transylvania

Author(s): Maria Pakucs-Willcocks / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 60/2023

This article examines the trade in drugs and chemicals in early modern Transylvania through various primary sources. In the first section I discuss how the correspondence of Transylvanian envoys at the Ottoman court with the Transylvanian elites suggest that certain healing products were in high demand in Transylvania. In contrast to these purchases of medicines and drugs on command, the sixteenth–seventeenth‑century rate lists, customs tarriffs, and the customs registers of Cluj and Sibiu reveal the dynamics of the trade in chemicals and drugs from Vienna or the Ottoman Empire. In the seventeenth century, the imports of these goods became more diversified.

Libro di me, Gio Batta Gussetti. The Tale of a Man through the Story of a Book

Author(s): Ioana Gruiță-Savu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 60/2023

As a museographer or museum curator, there is often great professional satisfaction in finding the stories behind the fascinating objects preserved in museum collections. These objects not only have remarkable aesthetic qualities but also reflect incredible life stories. This study focuses on examining a book part of the History of Pharmacy Collection in the National Museum of Transylvanian History. Apart from its age, being published in 1596, our attention was drawn to the texts inscribed on the cover and pages of the book. The repeated annotations of a man from the seventeenth century, Giovanni Battista Gussetti, declaring his ownership over this book aroused our curiosity. The article seeks to understand the book’s significance in the life of Gussetti and decipher what these inscriptions disclose about the owner and the historical context in which he lived. The research has been very rewarding, revealing a whole micro‑universe in which Gussetti, the owner, played his part. Throughout the following pages, we aim to provide a concise overview of the history of the pharmaceutical book collection and introduce the background of this particular book. We intend to explore some possibilities of identification of Giovanni Battista Gussetti, as far as our research has allowed, and the historical context of his activity to provide a broader understanding of the book’s significance.

A Devotional Medallion from the Churchyard Cemetery on Mihail Kogălniceanu Street

Author(s): Geanina-Diana Varga / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 60/2023

In 2022, the archaeologists from the National Museum of Transylvanian History conducted an excavation in a section of the cemetery surrounding the present Calvinist Church on the former Farkas utca (Platea Luporum – Lat., Ulița Lupilor – Ro., now known as Mihail Kogălniceanu Street). Within one of the graves, they uncovered a silver devotional medallion enameled on both sides, featuring the IHS monogram. Following its discovery, the medallion underwent a meticulous series of physical‑chemical examinations and an in‑depth historical analysis. These efforts aimed to unravel the medallion’s structure, functionality, and symbolic significance, particularly considering the depiction of the well‑known IHS monogram. Utilizing archaeological and anthropological data, as well as drawing parallels with formal and functional analogies from other historical contexts, the present study endeavors to elucidate the role and dating of this significant discovery.

Róbert‑Miklós NAGY, Szilárd TOTH (eds.), Rectorii Universității din Cluj (1872–1919)/ A Kolozsvári Tudományegyetem Rektorai (1872–1919), Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj‑Napoca, 2022

Author(s): Eduárd Sebők / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 60/2023

REview of: Róbert‑Miklós NAGY, Szilárd TOTH (eds.), Rectorii Universității din Cluj (1872–1919)/ A Kolozsvári Tudományegyetem Rektorai (1872–1919) [The Rectors of the University in Cluj (1872–1919)], Presa Universitară Clujeană, Cluj‑Napoca, 2022, pp. 479

Uczty książąt, kardynałów i ubogich. Edukacyjna rola stołu w podróży włoskiej Andrzeja Batorego (1583-1584)

Author(s): Dawid Barbarzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

This study examines the significance of the dining table as a space for gaining various kinds of experience in the journey of the royal nephew Andrzej Batory to Rome. At the courts of esteemed dignitaries, Batory assimilated Renaissance Italian dining etiquette and customs, subsequently es-tablishing his own court, based on analogous models. The table served as a platform for diplomatic discourse, enabling the young Batory to fulfil his diplomatic obligations. Engaging in intellectual debates with prominent humanists, notably Marc-Antoine Muret, at the dinner table fostered his intellectual faculties. Moreover, the integration of music and visual arts during the sumptuous banquets attended by Italian cardinals and princes enriched Batory’s artistic sensibilities, while the introduction of novel culinary creations refined his gastronomic taste. Encounters with esteemed religious figures, including Carlo Borromeo, Claudio Acquaviva, and the Oratorian circle, coupled with such devout practices as fasting and almsgiving, as well as studying religious texts at the table, ultimately served to fortify the young Batory’s Catholic faith.

Podróże ordynatów Zamoyskich po Europie w XVII i XVIII wieku

Author(s): Jacek Feduszka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Grand-scale travels, which were called grand tours and covered a number of European countries, became popular in the second half of the 17th century. The English author Richard Lassels was the first to use the term “Grand Tour”. He used it in reference to the educational trips of the nobility to France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany. The travelers, who were mainly European nobles and aristocrats, went abroad to receive private tuition or to study at universities, and visited many cities, where they admired the local works of art and architecture. This type of travel was born in Western Europe – more specifically, in England. In Poland, it quickly became very popular among the wealthy Polish nobles and magnates. One obvious example is the European peregrinations of the young representatives of the Zamoyski family in the 17th and 18th centuries, described in this article, which is based on the available primary and secondary sources. The article discusses the educational journeys of the Zamoyski family it terms of their most important aspects and the effects they had on the future lives, activities and careers of the owners of the Zamoyski family entail.

Conventul dominican din Bistrița. Contribuții arheologice

Author(s): Corneliu Gaiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2023

Le bâtiment qui abrite depuis presque trois siècles le foyer pour personnes âgées est la seule partie conservée de l’ancien couvent dominicain. Les documents mentionnent la finalisation du réfectoire en 1487 et les portails en pierre conservés au rez-de-chaussée et à l’étage du cops maintenu sur la côte ouest du complexe datent de cette période. L’adoption de la Reforme religieuse durant le XVIe siècle a provoqué l’abandon du cloître qui connaît la ruine, puis la destruction pendant les incendies de 1680 et de 1758. Les fouilles archéologiques occasionnées par les travaux de rénovations de 2011 se sont concentrés dans une première phase sur les vestiges mises en lumière par la réparation des égouts, travaux qui ont croisé une série des tombeaux situés aux alentours des fondations dubâtiment actuel. Pour vérifier la position des sépulcres, on a ouvert trois casettes qui coupaient deux murs perpendiculaires sur la face longitudinale du bâtiment, considérés comme fondations du portique situé de ce côté du couvent. Pour établir le plan du couvent, la recherche archéologique a été étendue vers le sud de la parcelle, sur une surface de 20 x 4 m, rallongée ultérieurement. À l’orée du sud de la parcelle, les recherches ont identifié un mur qui correspondrait à l’enceinte du convent et on a découvert les fondations d’une construction à deux pièces de 5 et 6 m. Les deux pièces étaient séparées par un fossé de 1,4 x 3 m en briques avec des voûtes partialement conservées, appartenant au système de chauffage de l’immeuble. La catégorie la plus précieuse de l’inventaire récupéré est constituée par les restes de la pierreries􀩈: des encadrements, des moulures des fenêtres, les arcs et les nervures des voûtes, spécifiques à la fin du XV e siècle.

Considerații referitoare la structuri administrative și documentele create în a doua jumătate a secolului XIX: Congregația comitatului Bistrița-Năsăud

Author(s): Adrian Onofreiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2023

The author highlights a set of unique documents created by the administrative institution of Bistrița-Năsăud County. The brief preliminary observations, as well as the text of one of these documents, aim to focus historical research on their content and stimulate their utilization for the entire period during which they have been preserved.

Cronică de conferință. Conferința internațională „Bistrița în Evul Mediu. Momente și semnificații din transformările unei vetre urbane ardelene” (Bistrița, 2–5 noiembrie 2023)

Author(s): Ștefania-Maria Ghișa,Livia-Ioana Potop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 37/2023

Sofia: A European Capital City Within the European Union

Author(s): Lino Bianco / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2023

Sofia, a capital city of a member state of the European Union (EU), is perceived as an emerging metropolis of the Balkans. It is the capital city of Bulgaria, a national territory which is a cradle of civilisation. The city and the municipality are located in a strategic position both from a national and a European perspective. Main transport routes through Europe pass through Sofia. The historical backdrop further supplements the geophysical context, which renders the city a politically strategic focal point. In order to reinforce the existing infrastructure whilst respecting and preserving the geocultural and natural heritage of the city and the municipality, legal instruments for spatial planning were introduced to regulate the city’s development in the coming years. This development has to comply with EU directives aimed at the sustainable improvement of cities and their environs in terms of both a balanced economy and cultural heritage. It concludes by referencing to urban sights, landmarks and culture identified by Sofia’s primary school children – tomorrow’s leaders.

Die Struktur der aus dem Ghetto Theresienstadt zusammengestellten Transporte (1942-1944)

Author(s): Anita Franková / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1989

Described here are transports taking Terezín prisoners to Nazi extermination camps. The paper draws on deportation lists kept in the Central State Archives in Prague. Single transports are specified (number and structure of deportees, dates, destination, etc.). In the end the authoress summarizes the basic statistical data (the number of those who perished in Terezin, the number of those, who were deported, etc.)

Das Schicksal der Theresienstädter Osttransporte im Sommer und Herbst 1942

Author(s): Miroslav Kárný / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1988

In summer and autumn 1942 several transports left the Terezín concentration camp-ghetto. After having arrived in Minsk and Malý Trostinec the deportees were murdered by the Nazis. The paper draws on documents from the archives kept in the Institute for Modern History in Munich.

The Origin of the Jewish Museum in Prague and the Tradition of Prague Jewish Studies (Summary of a Lecture)

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1988

On November 22, 1986 the State Jewish Museum organized a conference to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the foundation of the Prague Jewish Museum in the year 1906. The conference, which was opened by the director of the State Jewish Museum, Mr Otakar Petřík, was devoted to the history and activities of the museum from its establishment to the tragic period of World War II. Part of the contributions also dealt with the activities of the State Jewish Museum founded in the year 1950, which in many ways follows the tradition of the pre-war Jewish Museum and continues its museological and scientific work

Das Jüdische Museum in Prag (1906–1942)

Author(s): Arno Pařík / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1988

The document discusses the Jewish Museum in Prague and its history, particularly focusing on the period from 1906 to 1942. It details the challenges faced during the urban renewal of Prague’s Jewish Quarter and the consequent threat to its synagogues. The narrative highlights the efforts of Dr. Salomon Hugo Lieben and others in founding the museum to preserve Jewish cultural artifacts that could not be accommodated in the new synagogue. The museum’s establishment on July 1, 1903, is marked as a significant event, and the document outlines the museum’s objectives, including the collection and preservation of Jewish religious and cultural items, particularly from Prague and Bohemia. It also describes the museum’s early years, its struggle for financial support, and the eventual success in securing a permanent location. The museum’s focus on regional artifacts is emphasized as a unique aspect of its collection policy. The document also touches upon the museum’s organizational structure, membership, and financial strategies.

Collections of the Central Jewish Museum (1942–1945)

Author(s): Markéta Petrášová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1988

The major part of the collections of the present-day State Jewish Museum in Prague dates from the period of Nazi occupation of Bohemia and Moravia, when — in connection with the so-called final solution of the Jewish problem — the objects from Jewish households and synagogues from the whole Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were directed to Prague. The collection of these materials linked up directly with the concentration and deportation of the Jews from the individual settlements and preceded the deportations which ended in the gas chambers of Oswiecim (Auschwitz). Heaps of synagogue curtains, scores of Torah finials, dozens of family portraits and an enormous number of other materials became the witnesses of the extinction of 136 Jewish religious communities) and their members.

Nisko in der Geschichte der „Endlösung“

Author(s): Miroslav Kárný / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1987

In October 1939 two Jewish transports left Ostrava and two more Vienna for Nisko lying in the occupied territory of Poland. The author deals with the so-called “Action of Nisko“ representing one episode in the Nazi “final solution“ of the Jewish question. He studies archives records and literature published so far, analyses critically existing opinions of the Nazi action, and himself characterizes it as “displacement of Jews as a means of extermination“.

Deportationen aus dem Theresienstädter Ghetto. Methoden der Abfertigung von Transporte und deren Rückwirkung auf das Leben der Häftlinge im Licht einiger Quellen

Author(s): Anita Franková / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1987

The readers learn something about the character of the Terezin concentration camp-ghetto and the deportations of Terezin prisoners to other Nazi concentration and extermination camps. The tragic history of the deportations can be divided into five stages. The number of transports in each of the stages as well as the number of deportees are given together with the destinations and number of those who survived. The authoress also mentions the methods used when the transports were being dispatched from Terezin. She draws on documents preserved (Terezin daily commands — Tagesbefehle, the prisoners’ recollections, etc.) and in the end she summarizes the basic statistical data concerning those who went through the Terezin ghetto.

Literarische Tätigkeit jugendlicher Häftlinge im Konzentrationslager Theresienstadt (Die Möglichkeit die literarische Tätigkeit der Jugendlichen als historische Quelle zu nutzen)

Author(s): Jarmila Škochová / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1987

The paper studies literary productions by young Terezin prisoners as historical sources. The writings are divided into several groups and the conditions under which the young people lived and wrote are described. It is, above all, magazines and albums that contain information about both Terezin itself and the life of the young people imprisoned in the concentration camp.