Starija prošlost Gornje Orahovice – prilozi za monografiju

Author(s): Edin Šaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 30/2010

In this paper is shown the older history of the village Gornja Orahovica, from prehistory and antiquity through the Middle Ages until the end of the Ottoman period. In the area of Gornja Orahovica traces of human presence since the early Paleolithic were discovered. From the later prehistoric period originates necropolis at the site Barice (eponymous site of the Barice-Gređani) and hillfort on Arnautska hill, which was inhabited and in Roman times, as evidenced by the remains of building materials, ceramics and one pantry money. The settlement called Orahovica dating back to the Middle Ages, from which originated material evidence and numerous place names. In the early Ottoman period, Orahovica has already been one of the major and important settlements in Soko. This time should be attributed to the emergence of the old cemetery on Blagalištu. At the turn of 17th to 18th centuries, there have been a number of changes that led to the stagnation of settlements and changes to the population structure (long period of wars and crises, epidemics of plague, etc.). During 18th and 19th centuries, Orahovica is recovering and continues to develop, but in the history of the village of the increasing role of local members of the GAZIBEGOVIC family. From the last decades of the Ottoman rule, Orahovica entering a period of modernization that makes a new chapter in the history of the village.

Gyulafehárvár a középkor végén

Author(s): Emőke Gálfi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2015

The study aims to discuss the social development of Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia) at the end of the Middle Ages. Before the secularization (1556) Gyulafehérvár was the episcopal residence of the Bishop of Transylvania, and the market-town’s landlords were the Bishops and the Chapter of Transylvania. Considering the typology of towns Gyulafehérvár was a castle with suburbs. In the fortified castle were located the ecclesiastical institutions such as the cathedral, the Episcopal palace, the Dominican and the Augustinian monasteries, the hospital (xenodochium) and the houses of the canons. The citizens of this market-town resided in the suburbs. Our study offers a detailed description of the market-town’s social groups until the secularization on the basis of written sources.

A hátország megtévesztő nyugalma

Author(s): Szilárd Ferenczi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: III/2016

War is a disquieting episode in one’s life, even if one sits out the clash of arms, as was the case of the people living in Cluj during World War I. However far from the battle sites, they soon fell victims to the war effort. Between 1914 and 1918 food became more and more scarce, the price of everything rose, and requisitions entered in a monthly routine. Female labor was unable to replace the many thousand men absenting the local economy. Medium sized and lower incomes drastically diminished, thus endangering the livelihood of many families. Moreover, the city was caught in a continuous gush of military personnel, and was practically run over by refugees fleeing the Romanian offensive in September of 1916. Circumstances favored the traders, the black marketers, the pub owners and the young silent movie industry. Through desperate measures city management tried hard to keep the recession afloat. The end of war erupted in a chaos of disintegration for the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A new era was soon to begin for the city of Cluj.

Tarnyba Kauno miesto ir apskrities viešojoje policijoje 1918–1932 m.

Author(s): Kęstutis Noreika / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 15/2015

The present article analyses police service at Kaunas County in 1918–1933. In 1918, when Lithuania regained its independence, law enforcement structures were organized in addition to other most important state institutions. Until mid-1920s, public order was ensured by militia because of an unstable situation in the country. On January 1, 1924, militia was reformed to police and subdivided into public, border, railway, and criminal police. Public police became the most important structure in ensuring order.There was no rush in making laws at the beginning of the Lithuanian independence as the Russian law heritage was trusted. Police officers’ recruitment was very scarcely regulated during the first years of independence. The governance structures, which were independently established, were appointed to control police activities; however, law enforcement structures were mainly operating independently because of lack of officials. At the beginning of independence, police was established during a very unfavourable time when there were no competent officials and there was a lack of finances and people suitable to hold office. An attempt was made to prepare a person for the position when s/he entered the police. For this reason, The Lower Police School was established in 1923 in Rokiškis, where policemen and senior policemen were trained. Some officers entered the school before starting their service, while others after they started their service. After three–six months training, the officers were appointed as policemen at a police station. However, policemen stayed at their position only for three years on average because of poor supply and low salaries. As the changing of officers was high, the school which trained policemen was closed in 1926.Due to the fact that the law base was undeveloped, the career of police officers depended not only on their skills but also on their relationship with their heads and the situation in the whole police system during the independence period. Ordinary policemen often broke the rules during their service time. For violations, penalties were imposed, i.e. arrest from one to fourteen days. The officers who were often at fault did not perform their service for a long time and were dismissed or transferred to another place. As policemen performed their service for a short time, they could not reach a higher rank. Every year attestation of the officers took place in the police structure. During attestation, officers could attain a higher rank, stay in the same position, or be dismissed. The changing of officers was high because of an undeveloped selection system in the police; therefore, the career of policemen at Kaunas County was very complicated during the independence period.

Abiejų tautų policijos komisijos lokalinių padalinių steigimas Kaune 1792 m. gegužės mėn.

Author(s): Liudas Glemža / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 15/2015

Tamsieji Kauno istorijos puslapiai – knyga, skirta Kauno žydų getui

Author(s): Linas Venclauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 15/2015

Цветелина Димитрова. „Народната история“ между устност и писменост. София: Академично издателство „Проф. М. Дринов“, 2013

Author(s): Petko Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

Включване на наратив в драматичното действие в съвременната мексиканска драматургия

Author(s): Elvira Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The 2000s consolidated a trend in Mexican drama, which emerged in the late 1990s, i.e. inclusion of narrative in the dramatic construction. The relation between story and action has a history all the way back from ancient Greece until now, when narrativisation of drama, to some researchers, marks the peak of the crisis and to others, is a sign of its endless renovation. How does contemporary Mexican drama fit into the context of narrativisation of drama? Set around this issue and applying a dramatological perspective, this paper draws on works by playwrights Édgar Chías, Luis Enrique Gutierrez Ortiz Monasterio​ (LEGOm), Jaime Chabaud, Alejandro Román and Alejandro Ricaño.

Анонимна хроника за графовете Булгари (края на ХVІІ век). (Chronique anonyme des comtes Bulgari (fin du XVIIe siècle) Увод, превод и коментар Пенка Данова. София, Парадигма, 2014. ISBN 978-954-326-224-3

Author(s): Tamara Stoilova / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2014

Book Review

Fehér János: A bölöni unitárius templomvár

Author(s): János Pál / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

Бележки за неизвестни икони от зографите Христо Димитров и Димитър Христов в Македония

Author(s): Viktorija Popovska-Korobar / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2005

The text is a contribution to the investigation of the work of two icon-painters (zographs) from Samokov, Christo Dimitrov and Dimiter Christov, containing attributions of hitherto unpublished icons in Macedonia. To Christo Dimitrov are ascribed the icon of St John of Rila (Ivan Rilski) in the church of St Nicholas in Shtip (ca 1810), two royal icons in the church of the Nativity of the Virgin at St Joachim Osogovski Monastery from 1810, as well as the murals in the dome of the church of St John the Baptist (Prodromos) at St John (Jovan) Bigorski Monastery from 1800. In Dimiter Ch​ristov’s workshop at Samokov were executed the icon of the Virgin Galactotrophousa with Saints, now in a private collection in Skopje (ca 1830), six royal icons from before 1847 at the St Nicholas church in Rankovce village near Kriva Palanka, an icon of Sts Constantine and Helena of 1847 in Skopje, ten royal icons from 1859 at the Archangel Michael church in Orizari village near Ko ani, three icons from ca 1850 at the St George church in Ko ani, and four royal icons at the Archangel Michael church in Spanchevo village, district of Ko ani, which were probably painted between 1845 and 1850.

Barbara Gołajewska-Chudzikiewicz, Świat, którego już nie ma

Author(s): Jakub Gałęziowski,Barbara Gołajewska-Chudzikiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2015

The biographical account of Barbara Gołajewska-Chudzikiewicz was recorded in 2007 as a part of the documentary project “The Forgotten Witnesses to the 20th century” run by the KARTA Centre and the History Meeting House. The narrator tells the story of her life, as well as the story of her family, starting in 1918. As the material is very extensive, in this publication only the fragments regarding the years 1918–1945 are presented. The narrative, in a manner typical for landed gentry of the Kielce region, contains a description of Ms Gołajewska-Chudzikiewicz’s childhood and family life in a small landed estate of Bieganów in the times of the Second Polish Republic. It gives insight into the course of her education, upbringing of children and young people in a landowning family, relations between the servants and the landowners, everyday life in the manor house, along with civilization difficulties, celebrating of holidays, the manor-village relations, and finally the general way the landed family functioned between the countryside and the city. The next important part of the narrative starts with the outbreak of WWII and conveys the everyday life of the manor under German occupation in the General-Government. The narrator describes the functions of the Polish manor in occupation conditions: helping and giving shelter to those displaced from the territories incorporated to the Third Reich, helping the Warsaw Uprising fugitive fighters, active participation in the Home Army structures, and relations with the German invader, as well as food and clothes extortions run by armed groups of unknown provenance, and confrontation with the Soviet army entering from the East.

Leszek Wisłocki, Jeleniogórska sonata na cztery lata

Author(s): Marek Szajda,Leszek Wisłocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2015

Leszek Wisłocki is a famous music theorist and composer. For many years he has been a Professor at the Academy of Music in Wrocław. However, before he started working for the Academy, he spent some time living in Jelenia Góra, where for 4 years he attended the Stefan Żeromski Co-educational Gymnasium and Grammar School. These school years are the subject of Wisłocki’s account. It is a detailed description of Professor’s pre-war life, as well as his and his family’s war experience, and in particular of his father’s military service. Wisłocki clearly explains the reasons for his family coming to Lower Silesia and settling in Jelenia Góra. Equally clearly Wisłocki recalls his teachers, school friends and important events which influenced the school life as well as the life of the local society, such as existence of the underground independence movement in 1949. He tells anecdotes about excursions to the mountains or his first performances as a musician staged at school. Wisłocki underlines the importance of this first, post-war period – not only for him, but also for his friends who later, having graduated from grammar school, went on to become professors or achieved other socially significant posts. Finally, Professors pays a lot of attention to returns and school relations – still vivid and close after more than seven decades. Annual school reunions and extensive correspondence exchanged by the ex-pupils serves as a proof that the short period of education, which lasted only 4 years, had a great impact on the life of this generation.

Национална не/сигурност по скалата на Рихтер – колко? (Етноложки аспекти на едно регионално бедствие)

Author(s): Tsvetana Manova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

The paper presents an individual and group reaction of the population in the town of Pernik during the earthquake of May 22, 2012, in the context of its local and national projection. The text analyzes the causes of the earthquake and the efficacy of the meas¬ures for prevention and overcoming the results of the disaster in the context of their official interpretation and on the level of everyday culture. The conclusions show the shaken trust of the Bulgarian in the political and economic stability of the state; the crisis of life, including as a result of a natural disaster, is comprehended as something permanent and inextricable. The opinion that over the last several years in Bulgaria the complete lack of security in national aspect should be measured on the Richter scale rather than the earthquakes settled permanently in the public space in the region.

Informality, Gender, Tourism. The Case of Borovets Resort

Author(s): Ana Luleva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The functioning of informal practices as a part of the labour culture and entrepreneurship in two different economic and political regimes is discussed in view of the case of the Borovets Resort. This paper focuses attention on the participation of women in the tourist business in the resort and discusses the thesis that Bulgarian women working in the sphere of tourism are among the ‘winners’ in the transition, in contrast to men working in other fields of the economy. The ethnographic research carried out in the resort in the winter and summer of 2012 and the comparison with previous observations in the same field do not provide evidence to support such a thesis. Viewed in the broader socioeconomic context, the situation of women employed in the tourism sector does not differ considerably from the situation of women employed in other spheres. They live within and are a part of the same gender regime: a common gender ideology and culture. The problematic development of the formal economy, including the field of tourism (regarded as successful), compels men as well as women to search for additional income by working in the informal sector (e.g. the household farm, hourly labour without a contract, self-employment, and so on). Women retain high employment by combining work in the formal and informal economy; however, their situation could hardly be considered a ‘success’. Those working in hotels, the self-employed, and those employed in family businesses evaluate the situation as ‘coping’ or ‘surviving’ in a long-term and harsh economic situation. In order to overcome the unpredictability of this situation, they use all available resources – their cultural, social, and economic capital.Some of the informal practices which are known from the socialist period lose their meaning under the conditions of the new market economy and free access to goods, but others – such as party patronage, personal loyalty, and purchasing access to sources of income – gain new power and produce an exclusion (of those who are ‘not our people’) from the presumably free market and widely accessible formal procedures.

Най-ранните кинопрожекции в София (1896–1900). Информацията за тях в периодичния печат – свидетелство за живота на столичния град от края на XIX век

Author(s): Petar Kardzhilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Венета Янкова. Българите в Унгария: културна памет и наслед¬ство. Будапеща, 2014

Author(s): Mila Maeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Hoffmayer Simon tordai oltára

Author(s): Attila Weisz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: II/2007

The paper deals with the 18-19th century furnishings of the Roman Catholic church in Torda/Turda. The Baroque side-altars originally were dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi and St. Clare of Assisi, the central image from 1827 of the southern side-altar there is at the parsonage, the one of the northern side-altar is missing. St. Rose of Palermo, St. Sebastian and St. Roch whose figures appear on the northern side-altar, were respected as protectors against plague, as well as Francis Xavier whose figure can be seen on the southern side-altar. On the southern side-altar there can be seen a supposedly earlier medallion picture which depicts the Mocking of Christ. On the evidence of the documents belonging to the archive of the parsonage it is probable the two side-altars were brought in 1788 from Kolozsvár/Cluj, from a Franciscan Third Order nunnery which was put a stop to by a decree of Joseph the II's in 1787. The monumental high altar of the church by mistake was considered a work of a workshop from Pest until now. From the entries of the parsonage's archive it came to light that the altar was made between 1794-1800 by Simon Hoffmayer, the most important sculptor of Transylvania on that time, to the order of Ignác Batthyány, bishop of Transylvania. The central statues' composition of the altar with baldachin represents the Crucifixion with Mary, Mary Magdalena and John, with the Father above. Numerous analogies of the statue's movements, details can be seen at the other works of Hoffmayer. The actual architectural shape of the church's interior had been ready by 1822, the painted decoration occurred after that, by the mostly unknown painter, János Vitkai from Marosvásárhely/Tirgu Mures. Vitkai made the gilding of the high altar (originally the figures were painted and Vitkai's colour sketch of gilding survived), the gilding of the side-altars and the gilding of the pulpit (the pulpit itself was probably made by Csűrös Antal, a follower of Hoffmayer.). The marble imitating wall-paintings and the inscriptions, too, are the works of Vitkai, as well as the two wall paintings of the choir's vaulting which depict the birth of Mary and the Ascension of Mary (the third segment of the vaulting collapsed in 1944, the painting that can be seen there is recent).

За датата и мястото на мъченичеството на света Теодота от „града на Филип“

Author(s): Nikolay Sharankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Новооткрито аязмо в княжеския манастир край Варна – свидетелство за култа към св. Богородица в България през ІХ–Х в.

Author(s): Kazimir Popkonstantinov,Valentin Pletnyov,Rosina Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015