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The article concerns the duties of Orla residents on Podlasie between 1614–1695, i.e. while being in the possession of Radzivills of Birże line. The described obligations were divided into two categories according to the form of the obligation (money, duty in nature, feudal service) and the person towards to whom they were fulfilled (the owner of the city, leasehold, religious institution, internal self-government and the state). Within the article, it has been presented what those duties looked like as well as how they were changing over the years, while some of them were disappearing and the others were emerging. It is worth mentioning that their height, form and execution procedure evolved too.
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Der Artikel arbetet einige Aspekte des Soldatenalltags während des russisch-türkischen Krieg von 1877-1878 heraus. Es sind das Kriegsgrauen, der schwierige Voranschritt der Truppen, die schlechte Unterbringung und Besorgung, Freizeitaktivitäten der Armeeangehörigen, der Gewinnlust der lokalen Bevölkerung und der Händler hervorgehoben.
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The idea of Great Hungary is an important element of theHungarian nationalism. In my article I wanted to show the history of this idea. The concept of Great Hungary was born in the 16th century and it was main part of Hungarian politics since then. The concept was not nationalistic at first but it changed in the 19th century. After theTreaty of Trianon it was part of the Hungarian irredentist ideas. I show how the idea survived the decades of communism and how it arisen in the 90’s but not as a political concept anymore. My goal was to demonstrate the connection between the idea of Great Hungary, andHungarian nationalism and irredentism. The connection was not always evident. In the end I show in what kind of form the idea exists today. Also I show the current geopolitical situation of Hungary
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In connection with the research conducted by the Institute of National Remembrance relating to the participation in the murder of Polish citizens of Jewish nationality on 10 July 1941 in Jedwabne, in 2002 the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography provided an expertise in the field of the anthropogenic object detection in the Jedwabne area. The article presents the methodology and results of the analysis of archival aerial photographs concerning the assessment of anthropogenic forms. The results confirm a significant role played by archival aerial photographs in retrospective analyses. The use of aerial photographs usually enables a more accurate description of the site compared to a topographic map. Aerial photographs make it possible to register a complete picture of all the elements present on the surface of the earth at a specific time. This creates a possibility to detect constructions and historical areas with details greater than by comparing maps and documents from various periods, which makes archival aerial photographs a valuable source of historical-geographical studies.
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In 2012-2013, during the archaeological research conducted in the city of Roman (Neamţ County), at the “at the Library” point, 16 coins were discovered in two closed complexes (two workshops – A.1 and A.2). The coins found in the first workshop (10 pieces) are an Austrian coin minted for Hungary (1 piece), local imitations after an Hungarian coin (1 piece), after small Swedish denominations from Riga and Gdansk, minted by Gustav II Adolf, Christina and Carol × Gustav (8 pieces). Five of them might constitute a small hoard. All the coins discovered in the second workshop (6 pieces.) are Moldavian issues, belonging to Alexander I (2 pieces), Alexander I - Iliaș I (1 piece) and to the period between the reigns of Alexander I and Alexander II (3 pieces). The first workshop was specialised in making iron tools; it can be dated to the second half of the 17th c. An accidental fire might have caused its end. The second workshop produced jewelry during the first half of the 15th c. and it was probably burned down together with the entire city of Roman by Matthias I, in December 1467.
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This short contribution presents a number of 28 fragments of glass discovered in the barrow cemeteries at the Nemțișor and Târzia villages (Neamț County). As part of the funerary inventory in cremation burials these vessels are severely fragmented and deformed and, therefore, very difficult to classify. Still we noted the presence of two gaming pieces (latrunculi), one cone-shaped beaker of Isings 106 type and several fragments of unidentified cups and bowls. The glass vessels discovered in the Carpathian Barrows Culture tombs reflect the level of civilization attained by the Barbarian population in Northern Moldavia in the 3rd-4th centuries AD.
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Twenty years after: two decades from the autonomous reorganization of the Institute of Archaeology from Iasi
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The article analyzes the European perspective of the Balkan countries. Despite being topical the issue hasn’t still attracted much attention in scientific works, since questions are numerous and too broad for research the author reduces them to the more modest and unpretentious.
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Patriotism arises during the historical development of nations as a natural outcome from the benefits which the motherland provides to personality and nation.
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The present study displays the concrete influence and the immense contribution of Kuzman Shapkarev for the school deed and for the cultural development of Macedonia as a whole in a dynamic period of the history of the complete Bulgarian nation.
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In the present treatment the main historical changes of sounds are considered that occurred in the Goranian dialect and particularly in its part spread within the Albanian borders. The interpretation of the language situation contributes not only to the establishing of its specificity but also for its placement in the typology of the whole Bulgarian language.
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The Slavic Macedonian nationalism changed in the XX century. At the beginning of the century the Slavic activists in Macedonia felt a strong affection to „Macedonia" as a multiethnic motherland.
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Studies of the history of marginal groups in Bosnian historiography are gradually encountering an increasing number of researchers, despite the chronic lack of appropriate first and second-class sources. For these reasons, it is necessary to start collecting data and using a wide spectre of resources of different origin and quality. However, the fact is that using the method of oral history is usually the only effective way to access the necessary information. Researchers of Roma past and culture in the first line have encountered such a challenge because in spite of a fact that Roma are the largest national minority in Bosnia and Herzegovina, data on them either in literature or in original material are extremely scarce. The presence of Roma in Zenica can be observed in the course of several centuries without any interruption, but even this has not affected the possible number of available resources that could tell us more about the way of their lives at the micro-historic level. This paper analyzes all existing historical evidence that may mention Roma in the are of Zenica region either directly or indirectly. The goal of the paper is to determine the continuity of coexistence of Roma with other inhabitants of Zenica, as well as to analyze the contribution of the Roma community to the overall development of the city through the past. Although the paper is aimed at following the history of the Roma living in Zenica ever since the first recorded case of their immigration in this area, the emphasis is nevertheless placed on the period of the 20th century. Somewhat better situation in the availability of sources, with the interview method being the leading information, has lead to such a concept of the work. The quantity and quality of the collected information enabled us to identify several significant aspects of the way of life and cultural herritage of the Roma in Zenica, which although fragmented and incomplete, make an important contribution to the understanding of the role of the Roma community in the overall development of the city.
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