Паричната обмяна в България през 1947 г. – форма на финансова репресия

Author(s): Daniel Vachkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The paper will examine the development of the financial crisis in Bulgaria during the period 1944-1947, caused by the enormous state expenditure, connected with the participation of Bulgaria in the final stage of World War II and the costs of the Soviet army in the country. In order to cope with the huge increase of money put in circulation and the increasing inflation, the Fatherland Front Government launches exchange of money. It is done in an extremely brutal way and the result is liquidation of great amount of the savings of the population. The money exchange has severe consequences both for the financial status of the Bulgarian citizens and for the entire development of the political and economic situation in the country.

Българската историография от 9 септември 1944 г. до 10 ноември 1989 г. за отношенията между православната църква и държавната власт в България (1878–1912 г.)

Author(s): Petko St. Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The present paper is a critical review of the historiography after September 9, 1944 concerning the relations between the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the state authority in 1878-1912 and the following conclusions can be reached: The interest and respectively the publications on the topic have different intensity over the years and depend on a number of factors such as the current socio-political situation, the personal convictions and personal professional qualities of the researchers, etc. The underestimation of the real spiritual functions of the church in free Bulgaria at the expense of the exaggerated and canonically untypical role of the Exarchate as a national-political institution, is undeniable fact and unfortunately a permanent historiographic tendency which is present also in contemporary publications. The domination of the civil-historical approach to the topic (which can be defined also as anti-ecclesiastical) and the transformation of the national idea and national thought in a constant attribute of our historiography for the new Bulgarian history, leads to the fact that in the past as well as in the present even the church historians and apologists of Exarch Joseph I present his undeniable merits for the preservation of the Bulgarian in Macedonia and Southern Thrace as “real liturgical service”. In considerable part of the publications dealing with the topic, we face inexcusable lack of information, even ignorance regarding fundamental church rules and canonical requirements which partially makes senseless the otherwise assiduous efforts of some researchers to examine the complex, but not unexplainable directions of the relations between the church and the state in 1878-1912.

Културата и идеологическият императив зад „желязната завеса“ в началото на Студената война

Author(s): Evgenia Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

In the end of 1940s and the beginning of 1950s, in close connection with the sharp ideological East-West opposition, the Stalinist model of socialism was imposed on East European states. Its important characteristic feature was the total control over the cultural processes and the constant attempts at using the intelligentsia for the realization of the Communist party’s political program. The present paper aims at presenting the concrete parameters of this process on the basis of Bulgarian case. The accent is put on the copying of the Soviet example in managing the culture and in preserving the control over the intelligentsia in the sphere of literature and arts. During the period in regard the repressive character of the Communist regime was most clearly manifested. There were firm instructions to follow strictly the model of „socialist realism” and to reject „the reactionary” Western culture. The intellectuals and their professional unions were constantly under suspicion for direct relations with the „enemy” and such cases are discussed in this paper. It also aims at analyzing the models of intellectual behavior in the face of Communist party efforts to make the intelligentsia serve its political intentions.

Празници и ритуали на студентите във Великотърновския университет (1963–1989 г.)

Author(s): Maria Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The report is about the holidays and rituals in the University of Veliko Turnovo between the years 1963–1989. It focuses the attention on the student holiday the holiday of the university, the spring homecoming and the torch marching. The text follows the main points in organizing and holding these events by the students in the old city. Its purpose is to distinguish those rituals-created by the young people- which go beyond the obligatory frame of the official holidayritual system and they are a tribute to the specifics of the student identity, its constants and varieties, when celebrating the dates of the student’s holiday calendar during the years of Communist regime in Bulgaria. Documents and materials from the library of the University, and oral evidence collected by the author during the held half-standardized interviews whit the University of Veliko Turnovo alumni.

Поставяне основите на българската образователна система (1878–1879 г.)

Author(s): Yuliya Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The origin and development of the Bulgarian education system is an issue that is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. This presentation focuses on the activities of Marin Drinov as head of the Ministry of National Education, in order to highlight his contribution to the establishment of the Bulgarian education system.

Kриза и гурбет в постсоциалистическия период (по материали за бесарабските българи)

Author(s): Sonya Sredkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The article presents ethnographic data concerning temporary labour migrations of Bulgarians from the diaspora. Migrations to “the old fatherland” are the special focus in this study.

Родство по сватовство и по кумство при циганите (по данни от теренни проучвания сред няколко цигански групи в Централна Северна България)

Author(s): Zdravko Zdravkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The article explores the ritual kinship of several Roma groups in Central and Northern Bulgaria. The author presents differences and similarities between groups and social structures, with a special focus on the changes caused by marriage (the role of godfathers and godmothers, bilateral networks, etc.).

Календарни турлашки празници

Author(s): Anuta Kamenova-Borin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The Turlaks, or Torlaks, are believed to be an old native population inhabiting the Northern border zone between Bulgaria and Serbia. They speak a specific dialect of Bulgarian, and have preserved their old traditional folk culture. The article presents their autumn-winter holidays. The most celebrated holidays in the autumn are St. Dimitar’s day, Mishin day, St. Archangel Michael’s day, Mratintsi. The most celebrated holidays in the winter are St. Andrey’s day, Ignajden, Christmas Eve, Christmas, New Year, Vasil’s day, Jordan’s day, Ivan’s day, Grandmother’s day,St. Trifon’s Day.

Съвременен поглед към хайдут Велко Петрович (1780–18.06.1813)

Author(s): Mariana Yovevska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The paper traces Haiduk Velko Petrovich’s life on many levels: as a hero from the First Serbian Uprising and a handsome man, as a commander of a haiduk’s detachment, a commander of a squad of several thousand horsemen and a husband of two wives, as a participant in the new Serbian administration. His image and the respect that Serbia and Bulgaria had for him are also commented on. His contribution and importance as well as his role in the decisive developments at the beginning of the 20th century as a haiduk with the irreconcilability and riotousness of a free person are pointed out. The paper traces the sources for haiduk Velko, the cultural memory, the way people remembered him and the first publications on him. The author adopts the working hypothesis that the influence of his memories and the stories about his heroic life after 1868 were of great significance for the formation of Levski’s new liberation strategy – preliminary preparation and the assignment of greater importance to the local committees.

Аналитичнопсихологически подход към нестинарството

Author(s): Ana Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

According to the concept of analytical psychology, the experience of the sacred and the mythological thinking are not stages of the development of man and mankind, but are components of the psyche, universal and inheritable. Most of the authors, working in different fields of science, support this statement. With the development of the conscious, with the running of history a new individual kind of culture develops. The archetype, as “an organ of the soul” finds expression in different forms and creates the core of different phenomena, universal in space and time, despite the variations in details. Not only the expressed form, but also the dynamics of the psyche have universal parameters, expressed in every human activity, because the psyche finds objectivation in it.

Баянията в с. Медовец

Author(s): Shevket Eskedjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2012

The article explores traditional alternative cure of different diseases. Author presents the way of transmission of knowledge about spells and cure. He reveals differences in believes related to education of sorceresses between Bulgarian and Turkish groups.

Донесение швейцарской полиции о преследовании болгарских коммунистов в Фрибурге 1919 года

Author(s): Dalibor M. Elezović / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2011

The article dwells on the persecution of Bulgarian communists and other foreigners by the police in Fribourg in February and March 1919. The Federal Prosecution ordered the police force in the city to persecute the suspicious foreign residents, especially those who were suspected of spreading communist ideas. Among those who were subjected to persecution were the Bulgarian communists Kanderev, Mitev and Belchev who were considered to be a threat to the national security. Citizens of Austria, Soviet Russia, and of other European countries were also subjected to prosecution.

Исторически предпоставки за стабилизиране на военно- съдебната част до Балканските войни (1912 –1913 г.)

Author(s): Polikseniya Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The article deals with the establishment and consolidation of the judicial system in the Bulgarian Armed Forces at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The author analyses the main laws and regulations concerning the military jurisprudence in the Bulgarian Principality (Kingdom, after 1908). The article traces the main stages of development of military jurisprudence as well as the practical application of the Military Penal Code.

Испанската колониална политика и местните институции в Мароко (1912–1956 г.)

Author(s): Tatyana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The article dwells on the Spanish colonial policy during the first half of the 20th century. Special attention is given to the different models of colonization employed by Spain along the Mediterranean coast and in the interior of the country. The article also focuses on the functions and authority of the local institutions in the sphere of religion, law, education, and taxes

Образованието за възрастни и интерактивното обучение по история на Балканите

Author(s): Violeta Stoycheva,Vanya Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

History and history teaching play an important role in the development of the personal, national, and European identity. They are key factors for reconciliation and the strengthening of democracy in Southeastern Europe (SEE). Hence, work in this sphere can help ensure long-term stability in the region. The article dwells on the spread and activities of the History project in the SEE region, focusing on the theoretical framework of history teaching, the heritage, the challenges, and the modern interactive history teaching methodology. The second part of the article focuses on the oral history methodology as a source of present-day education and its possible use in primary and secondary school education.

2000 години от битката за Германия

Author(s): Valentin Spiridonov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

The article dwells on the causes which led to the famous Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9, its outcome and subsequent significance for the history of Germany. The author focuses on the inclusion of the victory over the Romans 2, 000 years ago in the construction of the German national idea from the from the Renaissance to the present day, as well as on the creation of the myth about Hermann the Victor.

Мистичните братства на хетеродоксните мюсюлмани в религиозния живот и конфесионални отношения в Румелия през ХV–XVI век

Author(s): Krasimira Moutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2011

Based on published and unpublished Ottoman documents, narrative sources and results from terrain researches of the author, an attempt is made to be followed the place and role of the mystical brotherhoods of heterodox Muslims in religious life and confessional relations in Rumeli during the 15th–16th centuries. On the basis of the local centers of religious life are outlined the correlations of these brotherhoods with the central authority and local population during the establishment of the Ottoman rule on the Balkans and in the new socio-political conditions and social atmosphere during 16th century. Special attention is paid to the role of the so-called uthraquistic (dual sanctuaries) in the confessional relations between Christians and Muslims in urban and rural patriarchal environment.

В НОВИТЕ БРОЕВЕ НА СПИСАНИЯТА НА ,,АЗ-БУКИ“ ЧЕТЕТЕ

Author(s): Albena Simova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

IMAGES TO REMEMBER: Nostalgia and Hegemonic Identities in „Italia 90: The Movie”

Author(s): Bértold Salas Murillo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The reconstruction of the past and memory is examined in the feature film Italia 90: The Movie (2014) by Miguel Gómez, which depicts the first participation of a Costa Rican team in a World Cup. The analysis includes the narrative, visual, and sound operations with which the past and memory are recreated (... or created), as well as the ways in which the story involves the viewers, particularly those who remember the episode. It is explained that, although the story resorts to certain topics of sports cinema, it is presented more as an adventure of the community, which would eventually include an entire country, and favors the exploration of the intimate over the epic. Italia 90: The Movie appeals to nostalgia, through recognizable images and sounds, as well as figures anchored in the hegemonic Costa Rican imaginary (such as the “common peasant”), to narrate an episode that, in addition to being central in the history of sports in Costa Rica, it is among the events that symbolically mark the country’s entry into the globalized world.

Elemente de cultură și civilizație polonă în povestirea „Copiii verzi” a Olgăi Tokarczuk

Author(s): Cristina Godun / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The practice of using literary texts as auxiliary teaching materials in the process of teaching a foreign language has a long tradition. Culture texts can illustrate Polish reality and present linguistic issues in an attractive and accessible way. Therefore, this paper assumes that the use of the didactic and functional potential of a literary text during the classes of Polish as a foreign language contributes not only to diversification of the didactic activity by awakening and cultivating interest in the language and culture being learned, but also to improvement of the learning process. It also stimulates the interest of students in specific Polish cultural phenomena. In addition to aesthetic values, the literary text offers expressive images of the Polish society, mentality and spirituality over the centuries, being an invaluable source of knowledge about the essence of Poland through the decoding and interpretation of socio-cultural codes and ethno-national or identity symbols. The aim of the paper is to discover what elements of Polish culture and civilization are found by Romanian students in the short story Green Children by Olga Tokarczuk. The narrative universe of Olga Tokarczuk is often inhabited by real characters, special individuals who existed in reality at some point, covered by oblivion, but being unusual during their lifetime. Olga Tokarczuk brings them out of the basket of history, reinterprets them, gives them a chance for a new life, and, above all, gives them a voice, thus bringing them back to the present day. In the Books of Jacob, we rediscover, among other people, Józef Andrzej Załuski (bibliophile and bibliographer), Andrzej Stanisław Załuski (patron of the arts), Benedykt Chmielowski (the first Polish encyclopedist) and Elżbieta Drużbacka (the baroque poet). In Green Children, William Davidson was a Scottish physician, chemist, and biologist. Through his eyes, we discover the political, social, and cultural realities of those times. Through Davidson, we can draw out and discuss the elements of old Polish culture and civilization, such as the situation in the political arena, internal tensions between the king and the gentry, the relationships between such concepts as center and periphery or between “I” and “the other”, the interesting phenomenon of plica polonica, or echoes of Sarmatian ideology.