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O dorobku nauki o stosunkach międzynarodowych

Author(s): Stanisław Bieleń / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

History of the social sciences at the University of Warsaw presented in the volume includes five main fields: economics, political sciences, psychology, sociology and law. The authors of the texts - specializing in the history of their disciplines - write about the process of their development on the academic level and about the changes they have been subjected within the University. The most important research currents, as well as the most distinguished representatives of the disciplines and their achievements are also reported.

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Reprezentacja interesów polskich organizacji biznesu w Unii Europejskiej – nowe wyzwania i ograniczenia

Author(s): Urszula Kurczewska,Krzysztof Jasiecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the results of the international comparative studies on the strategy of representation of business organizations in Poland and other European Union states. The author puts forward the thesis that the Polish business organizations are adapting their national lobbying strategies to the requirements of the European scene of representation of interests, but do not take full advantage of the opportunities offered by the EU institutions. Their actions are defensive and often late, and involvement in the consultation procedures is low. The Polish business organizations are undergoing a rapid process of Europeanization and adapting to the conditions of the complex political system of the EU. However, it is a difficult and costly process requiring flexibility and ability to adapt.

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Lobbing organizacji biznesu w sprawie unijnej polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej 2030

Author(s): Łukasz Lisicki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The research presented in this article aims to clarify the influence strategy of the European BusinessEurope organization on the process of formulating the EU climate and energy policy. The article analyses interests and positions of BusinessEurope and its members regarding the objectives of the EU policy for the years 2020–2030, and degree of their convergence and divergence. The results of the research reveal that although the confederation follows both the “logic of membership” and the “logic of influence”, there is no conflict typical of other associations between the two directions. Finally, BusinessEurope had a big impact on the shape of the EU 2030 energy and climate policy, and its lobbying efforts made a significant contribution to enforcing its own interests.

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Polski lobbing wokół ACTA

Author(s): Agnieszka Vetulani-Cęgiel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article analyses the lobbying campaign by Polish social organisations on the ratification by Poland of ACTA, a multinational trade agreement on enforcement of intellectual property rights. The author claims that this case caused a remarkable bottom-up social mobilisation both in Poland and in other EU member states, which significantly contributed to modification of the positions of the national and EU decision-making bodies. It turns out that mass protests and social movements are an effective form of representation of interests, even though their impact and organisational potential are not institutionalised.

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Polska aktywność w Parlamencie Europejskim wobec pokryzysowych wyzwań regulacyjnych

Author(s): Stanisław Kasiewicz,Lech Kurklinski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to assess the participation and activity of the Polish members of the European Parliament. The authors stress that in the situation of over-regulation in the EU policies, the activities of the Polish MEPs are insufficient. They do not represent the interests of the Polish citizens and companies adequately. Furthermore, they are not active in the most important for the economy parliamentary committees and have no coherent strategy for participating in the legislative work. Moreover, there is no substantive support for the MEPs and the ability to build alliances and coalitions. Because of these weaknesses, the interests of Poland are not well and effectively represented in the European Parliament.

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Wpływ prawa Unii Europejskiej na prawo krajowe i na działalność gospodarczą w Polsce – wnioski z badania

Author(s): Agnieszka Kraińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the research presented in the article is an attempt to answer the question of how many of the laws that the Polish government is working on are the implementation of the European Union law, and what is their significance for the Polish economy. It turns out that the bills implementing the EU law represent almost half of all the bills, and more than 70% of the bills on economic activity that the government worked on were based on the European Union law. The author emphasizes that at present the Polish economic interests are not sufficiently represented at EU level. Therefore, it is necessary to have a stronger presence of the representatives of the Polish entrepreneurs in the EU legislative process. At the same time, cooperation between entrepreneurs and the Polish administration must be strengthened in order to quickly identify and neutralize negative trends emerging in the EU policy and draft laws.

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Wielopoziomowe venue shopping a europeizacja polskiej polityki ochrony przyrody

Author(s): Krzysztof Niedziałkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to identify the reasons and mechanisms for the change of the place of representation of interests of the Polish environmental organizations in the field of nature conservation in the context of Europeanization of the Polish environmental policy. The subject of the analysis are the factors pushing and pulling environmental associations to engage in lobbying activities at the EU level. To this end, the author compares two conflicts related to the construction of road infrastructure in the valuable natural areas before and after Poland’s accession to the European Union over the location of the ring road around Augustów and the Via Baltica corridor. Within ten years a significant change in the strategy on representing the interests of environmental organizations has taken place and lobbying has shifted from the national to the European Union level, which was fostered by the EU legislation, openness of the EU bodies and activities of transnational networks of environmental associations with knowledge and contacts in Brussels. The analysis employs the multi-level venue shopping concept.

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Polski lobbing w Unii Europejskiej na rzecz gazu łupkowego

Author(s): Katarzyna Starmach,Małgorzata Molęda-Zdziech / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article presents an analysis of the lobbying campaigns conducted by various interest groups at European Union level on regulation of shale gas production and its impact on the environment. Lobbying for or against the possibility of shale gas production was a multidimensional and complex communication process. Many determinants can be mentioned here, primarily the complicated subject demanding technical knowledge, a great number of economic and national interests, and the politicization of the problem. The campaign analysed is an interesting example of combining various methods of direct and indirect lobbying and referring to the public opinion. It also illustrates the complexity of interests and mobilization of various parties, including the Polish government and MEPs.

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Reprezentacja interesów sektora gospodarki w Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie Przedstawicielstwa Związku Banków Polskich w Brukseli

Author(s): Piotr Gałązka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

With the EU’s development the number of business organizations has grown around the EU institutions. More and more national organizations are choosing to open their own representation offices in Brussels. So far, the Polish private sector in the European Union has been underrepresented. Understanding the importance of the impact of the EU regulations on the Polish banking sector, the Polish Bank Association became an associate member of the European Banking Federation. Later, when direct measures in Brussels began to bear fruit, the representation office of the Polish Bank Association in Brussels was established. The article presents the activity of the representation office among the European Union institutions and bodies and the possibility to influence new regulations.

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Czy może być więcej Polaków w instytucjach Unii Europejskiej?

Author(s): Mieczysław Groszek,Piotr Gałązka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The European Commission is one of the most important European Union institutions. There are still too few Poles who take the admission exams for the positions of the European Commission officials. Many European Union countries use the institution of seconded national experts as a source of information on the work of the EU institutions. The article presents the recruitment process and the place of Poles among the European Commission employees.

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Polskie związki zawodowe a reprezentowanie interesów pracowniczych na poziomie Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Sławomir Adamczyk,Barbara Surdykowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The activity of the trade unions at the national level is based on collective bargaining schemes as an indispensable element of effective representation of workers’ interests. However at EU level, the trade unions in order to have real impact on decision-making processes have to use soft instruments similar to lobbying. This requires the building of transnational coalitions. The Polish trade unions are involved in such initiatives but in their activity at European level they focus primarily on execution of independently formulated priorities, which they consider favourable for the country. The article aims to demonstrate that such activities are multi-faceted and take place at different levels. Their common determinant is the strife to protect the broadly defined interests of the Polish world of work which are often viewed differently by politicians or entrepreneurs.

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Ustrojowe i prawne uwarunkowania reprezentacji interesów oraz lobbingu w Polsce

Author(s): Leszek Graniszewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The group interests have gained a positive legitimacy in the state as a political community relatively recently. However, the state institutions should be immune to the excessive influence of interest groups if they seek additional pension. The high quality of civil society encourages implementing such a goal. The civil society organizations should not only control the governing bodies, but also participate in the policy-making through their representatives in various social organizations.

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Europeizacja grup interesu na Ukrainie

Author(s): Agnieszka K. Cianciara / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article characterizes the Europeanization process of interest groups in Ukraine in the perspective of the objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership. It analyses the activity of the representation of the Ukrainian business in Brussels, as well as the forms of Europeanization of the big business organizations and small and medium enterprises. This issue is presented with regard to national political and institutional conditions (the specificity of the Ukrainian party system, the oligarchic system, the state of the economy and the impact of the free trade agreement with the European Union).

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Europeizacja tureckich organizacji biznesu

Author(s): Jakub Wódka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to analyse the work of business associations with different ideological affiliations – TÜSIAD and MÜSIAD. The main thesis is that the Turkish business organizations are important agents Europeanizing / democratizing the Turkish state, at the same time they are important addressees and recipients of European socialization impulses. In the process of Turkey’s accession to the European Union, non-governmental organizations are playing an increasingly important role. The process of integration with the European Union, which accelerated in the 1990s, and participation of the Turkish entrepreneurs in the regional and transnational networks have broadened the scope of involvement of business associations and their impact on the institutions of the Turkish state.

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Rachid Mimouni ou l’ironie qui met à nu tout un système politique

Author(s): Elena-Brândușa Steiciuc / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Rachid Mimouni, one of Algeria’s most prominent writers during the last decades of the XX thcentury, had a very ironical view of the political system on his country, during the years after the Independence war against France. Like Rachid Boudredra or Nabil Farès, during the same epoch, he criticized the corruption of the ruling class and the rising Islamism. This is why the article attempts to show the ironical side of two of his best-known novels (Le Fleuvedétourné, 1982 and L’Honneur de la tribu, 1989) in which dictatorship is pointed at, both of these writings being parables which mock, in an allegoric way, the political rulers.

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Considerații privind unele efecte generate de divergențele jurisprudențiale apărute între Curtea Constituțională și Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție din perspectiva comunicării dreptului.

Author(s): Claudiu Ramon Butculescu,Cosmin Crețu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This paper tries to briefly address some of the legal effects deriving from communication of law generated by the jurisprudence of the High Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania and the Constitutional Court of Romania. During the recent years, certain legal interpretation divergencies were notices between the jurisprudence of the Courts. In both civil and penal matters brought before these Courts, their jurisprudence comprised sometimes contradicting solutions in similar cases. In addition to the introductory aspects that will be presented in this paper, regarding the communication of law and the role of jurisprudence as a possible source of law, we will also describe some concrete situations dealing with the divergence of opinion from judicial practice of the above mentioned Courts

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Conturarea unei noi ordini mondiale în contextul de pandemie

Author(s): Cristina-Monica Kassai / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In just a few weeks, the world order has shifted to another logic, that of the threat from an invisible enemy, which is not a state factor. From a geopolitical point of view, states accept the existence of systemic consensus levels, but in the face of this threat the only solution was to declare a state of emergency, followed by a state of alert, bringing increasingly drastic measures in response to the biggest sanitary crisis in the last 100 years. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst challenges the world has ever faced. In addition to the cost of living and the deep health crisis, the world is experiencing an economic downturn that will have a serious impact on the well-being of a large part of the population in the coming years. States had to reform their economic governance in the wake of the pandemic crisis. With regard to the impact on environmental law, we must draw attention to the facts resulting from the government rules imposed. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the administration of environmental law can be exemplified by the temporary relaxation of the application of environmental regulations and fines.

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Unele considerații privind cooperarea instituțională pentru documentarea infracţiunilor de terorism

Author(s): Cristian Popa,Romeo-Ioan Gârz / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Taking into consideration the fact that the activity with the purpose of ensuring the national security carried out by the Romanian Service of Intelligence, emphasizes serious acts and facts likely to alter the national security values which correspond juridically to terrorism crimes. The Romanian Service of Intelligence, within the framework of its legal attributions and competencies, cooperates with the Public Ministry and with the other enabled institutions of criminal investigation. The cooperation between the Romanian Service of Intelligence and the other enabled institutions of criminal investigation documenting the terrorism crimes, aims at supporting the efforts bashed for fighting and preventing terrorism, a rather clandestine phenomenon whose prerequisites in investigation call for special techniques, that reside mainly within the authority, as the law stipulates, of the state institutions for ensuring the national security.

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Harmonisation of higher education system for the purposes of public administration efficiency improvement – some of the propositions for successful reform implementation

Author(s): Jelena Dujmović Bocka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper the author addresses the issue of recognition of the harmonization process as a significant part of higher education system reform in the Republic of Croatia. The first part of the paper emphasizes neo(institutionalism) as a theoretical approach, which has once been used in conducting empirical research, while at the same time confirming both the hypothesis that the national systems are more frequently being harmonized, as well as its sub-hypothesis, that the harmonization of national systems of higher education is mostly the result of Europeanisation process (along with its corresponding indicators – the Bologna process implementation, international collaboration – inter-institutional cooperation between institutions of higher education, project activities, European higher education politics, teaching and non-teaching staff mobilities). The basis for the paper refers to the Bologna process, that has been recognised as the key contributor for harmonization with the European system of higher education and has, as such, been implemented into the Croatian system of higher education. The necessity for applying the same and/or similar institutional propositions, that is, the necessity for approaching the common model is considered to be the centre of reform goals. The final part of the paper presents the results of a part of the mentioned research, which verify the aforementioned hypothesis and its sub-hypothesis and refer to specific propositions which should be taken into consideration for more successful reform implementation in one of the most significant public administration areas, public service, or better said, higher education system as part of public service.

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General issues regarding the risk of water pollution

Author(s): Lidia-Lenuța Bălan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Global water resource protection policy has, over time, undergone a constant process of transformation and adaptation, in the sense that it has faced a number of challenges and uncertainties dominated by economic, political, cultural, climatic and to solve the problems generated by humanity through the actions taken for its survival and wellbeing on earth. For its welfare there has been a substantial increase in civilization, for some states, and an accepted technological and scientific progress, but which over time have unbalanced and degraded the environment and especially there have been massive pollution of water resources. This material discusses general elements on the risks of water pollution with a summary classification of forms of pollution and a summary of the legal instruments governing the area in question, with a presentation of the risks to humanity and the environment in general. The protection against any forms of degradation and pollution of water resources is done by sustaining and streamlining the field with the involvement of all actors in the world, from the public to the private sector.

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