Economic Survival Strategies of Turkish Migrants in London

Author(s): Olgu Karan / Language(s): English

Olgu Karan’s research offers original insights for anyone interested in how and why particular parts of London are now strongly identified with migrants from particular regions of the world.North London’s Green Lanes, a street stretching from Hackney to Haringey, or in local vernacular, from Stoke Newington to Wood Green, has undergone huge transformations over the past 50 years.Turkish Cypriot migrants first came in significant numbers to North London after the 1974 war that displaced hundreds of thousands of both Greek and Turkish Cypriots. They and later Turkish-speaking migrants mainly got jobs in London’s textile manufacturing industry. Those industries largely disappeared in the 1990s.In the 2010s Green Lanes now has several hundred Kurdish and Turkish restaurants and shops. These employ thousands of first, second and third generation Turkey-originating self-employed or family helpers. Karan’s research explains how this massive shift from employed status to self-employed took place. He records the economic devastation brought about by the rapid collapse of the textile industry, arguing this created the struggle for survival that forced thousands into self-employment. Insightfully, Karan also explores the economic basis of this shift. As textile workers, few Turkey-originating migrants had been able to save all the capital they needed to set-up take-away cafes, restaurants or off-licences and general food stores.The book traces the creation of ethnic partnerships and a willingness to provide loans to Imece/Zibare. These are the Turkish and Kurdish names given to village-scale collaborations for harvesting, constructing a water pipeline, providing security for village’s grazing borders with neighbouring villages.

The Future of Knowledge

Author(s): Titus CORLĂȚEAN,Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru / Language(s): English

The International Conference The Future of Knowledge – Proceedings of Harvard Square Symposium was held on 29-30 April 2016 at the Harvard Faculty Club, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and was organized by RAIS, IPSEC and the Scientific Press. The theme, “The Future of Knowledge,” was suggestively chosen to highlight the mission of our symposia;that of making a valuable contribution to a future of humanity full of hope and trust, keeping in mind that the common responsibilities toward the future generations (which we share across nations, cultures, and beliefs), ought to be symbiotic with our professional ideals in providing good stewardship.

Ideologija i vjerska politika nadbiskupa Stepinca u Jugoslaviji 1934–1946.

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian

Theater in Sarajevo During the War 1992-1995. Svjedočanstva

Author(s): Davor Diklić / Language(s): English

Под сянката на Сталин и Хитлер. Втората световна война и съдбата на европейските народи, 1939-1941 г. Т. 3. Подялбата на Европа

Author(s): Plamen Tzvetkov / Language(s): Bulgarian

In the third volume of the five-volume work on the fate of the European nations during the alliance between Stalin and Hitler, the reader will find a detailed account of the finalization of the devastation in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia and annexing Bessarabia and North Bukovina, going beyond the pre-arrangements with Hitler, from Stalin. Frustrated by the rapid Soviet expansion, the German leader brutally enforces his decision on Hungary's claims for Transylvania, annexing that part, while guarantying the sovereignty of the rest of the Romanian territory, triggering sharp reactions from Soviet Union side.

Условия за развитие на икономическите коридори в Евразия. Място и роля на Република България при реализирането на концепцията за изграждане на икономически коридори

Author(s): Ivo Yotsov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Only a decade ago the world was a relatively peaceful place. Of course, there were many conflicts with varying degrees of intensity and confrontations of a different nature, but they were more of a local nature. Globally, the world has accepted that a global power can independently guide world affairs in a way that fits its understanding. In history, events are repeated without being copied. Sometimes the "actors" are the same, sometimes they are changed, but the main scenario of the "play" remains unchanged. In this sense, human history has witnessed many such attempts, but no one expected the processes of de-globalization begin to develop so dynamically. At the same time, the creation of multiple centers of influence with relevant integration unions and international bodies, accompanied by a change in the balance of power at world level does not mean that the same "play" will not be played again. Nevertheless, the changes are in place and, apart from the purely political aspects they have, their impact on the development of economic relations is of utmost importance because, ultimately, the economy is the base on which society is built. It is difficult, even impossible for small countries to independently influence these processes. This is the reason why the conditions need to be carefully assessed. Thus they can find their place, role and importance and preserve their sovereignty and dignity. Such a thesis may encounter resistance from adherents of one or another center of influence because the lack of impartiality and sometimes strong dependence does not allow an independent assessment of the conditions. This fact would not in itself be of special significance if it did not lead to the inability to make adequate and responsible decisions in which the history of the Bulgarian state has countless examples. It is a fact the deepening of mutual interdependence at the global level, an essential element of which is the economic interaction between the countries. It is precisely this interaction that becomes the cause of a fierce competitive race. On the one hand, this is because the volume of the world product at a given time is limited and every country therefore strives to attract a larger share of it in the channels of its international trade and production chains. On the other hand, economic interaction is becoming the basis for deepening cooperation, understanding and building strong ties in all areas of international relations. The growing globalization of industry and trade, which is more and more characterized by a global territorial distribution of supply chains, is increasingly demanding for transport as part of logistics systems. In this respect, the different means of transportation and the macro-framework, and in particular the transport and communication infrastructure, are constantly evolving to meet the increasing demands. Only with significant qualitative and quantitative changes in these structures is it possible to build and control internationally oriented efficient supply chains. At present, in Bulgarian political circles, there is an underestimation of the dynamics of global conditions, both politically and economically, and the place and role that our country may have in them. This is why the monograph has demonstrated that building a transnational logistic corridor is a key element of strategic importance as it is the basis for the development of international economic relations, further integration and their transformation into economic advantages. The study also presents conclusions on the development of environmentally, economically, socially and politically balanced sustainable transport concepts. The results of this study can be used by authorities involved in developing government policy in the transport sector and by operators to obtain a better assessment of the environment and price formation in transport services and to improve their competitiveness. Proved in the monograph are the following: it is essential to build transnational logistic corridors as a basis for the development of international economic relations, further integration and their transformation into economic; globalization is a major factor in the development of economic corridors; transnational companies are a major player in international economic relations and a factor for development; transport corridors are the physical basis for building and developing logistics and economic corridors; the economic corridors in Eurasia will be built and short sea shipping in the Black Sea is the regional link between Asia and Europe. The aim is to analyze the conditions affecting the development of economic corridors in Eurasia and on this basis to determine what is the place and role of Bulgaria in these processes in order to make a proper assessment and make responsible decisions. This objective is achieved through the following research tasks: - the global strategic conditions affecting the development of the trans-national logistics corridors in Eurasia have been explored; - the regional conditions in the Black Sea region and Central Asia are addressed;- the prospects for the development of transnational logistics corridors in Eurasia and the place and role of the short sea shipping concept in the Black Sea as a link between transport systems in Central Asia and Europe; - what are the national conditions, taking into account the context of the country's membership in the European Union; - an analysis of the Eurasian transport corridors was carried out, with particular reference to the links between the respective transport systems. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the positions formulated in the works of foreign and Bulgarian scientists devoted to the scientific and practical problems in the development of economic corridors. The development of the present work is based on the use of inductive, deductive and traductive methods by studying the content of publications, statistical and historical analysis. The comparative analyzes, conclusions and recommendations are based on examples from world practice. A problem-oriented approach has been used to draw lessons that would be useful to strengthen the political dialogue of the Bulgarian government and increase the country's participation in the development of economic corridors.

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment - Volume 1

Author(s): Mirela Atanasiu / Language(s): English

The conference provides the appropriate academic exchange of ideas, opinions and communication of the latest results of scientific research in the field of security and strategy.

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment - Volume 2

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The conference provides the appropriate academic exchange of ideas, opinions and communication of the latest results of scientific research in the field of security and strategy.

Trans-local Lives.Class, Gender and Rurality in post-2004 Migration between Ireland and Poland

Author(s): Natalia Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): English

The book explores the phenomenon of post-2004 mobility between Ireland and Poland. In particular I examine the classed and gendered character of this migration wave, as well as its translocal character. I document and seek to understand the nature of this early 21st century human mobility, facilitated by the advances of internet, communication and travel technologies while simultaneously revealing “traditional” aspects of being away from home. I follow the migrants in their journeys and learn about the complex dynamics of their lives lived locally and on the move. Crucially, I try to apprehend my own positioning as a migrant/woman/researcher and figure out whether (e)migration lives up to the expectations of a “better life”. // ContentIntroduction.Chapter 1 Polish Capitalism and the Legacies of Communism and CatholicismChapter 2 Post-2004 Polish Migration to Ireland.Chapter 3 Theorising Contemporary Migration.Chapter 4 Researching Contemporary Migration: Methodological ConsiderationsChapter 5 The Trans-local Habitus: Reproducing Rurality in Migration.Chapter 6 Ordinary People Living Normal Lives: Formations of the Migrant Working ClassChapter 7 Making Migration Livable: Negotiations between Mobility and EmplacementChapter 8 Polish Masculinities and Femininities: Constructions of Gender Identities in MigrationConclusion.

№95 Money Talks. Mapping the funding for EU external migration policy

Author(s): Leonhard Den Hertog / Language(s): English

This paper examines the role of funding in the EU’s external policies on migration, borders and asylum. Academic analysis has looked extensively into the political and legal resources of the EU in this area,but surprisingly little attention has been paid to the role of funding in the governance of this cooperation with third countries. The objective of this paper is first to understand what EU funds are involved and which actors are setting priorities for funding in the field of migration, borders and asylum. This is a highly technical field of EU governance, characterised by complex political and legal dynamics. The funding landscape is fragmented and incoherent, with limited coordination, but this incoherence can be understood in light of the broader political, sociological and institutional struggles that come to the fore in the setting of priorities for funding. This paper argues that a certain degree of incoherence is an inevitable characteristic of EU governance in this field. The bigger issue is the challenge posed to accountability by this EU funding.

Assessing EU Policy on Irregular Immigration under the Stockholm Programme

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The relationship between EU policy and the rights of undocumented migrants remains in tension. The status and treatment granted to undocumented migrants continues to be ‘invisible’ in EU policy strategies and responses. This is so despite the wide recognition and evidence of the vulnerability and insecurities these persons face in their access to fundamental rights. The ‘policy gap’ between current European policy-making under the third multi-annual programme on the Union’s Area of Freedom, Security and Justice – the Stockholm Programme – and the results emerging from social science research funded by EU institutions has been assessed and evidenced elsewhere. This collection of papers aims at moving the debate forward by substantiating these findings with the experiences and knowledge of a selected group of EU umbrella (civil society) organisations and practitioners representing key institutions in Europe on fundamental human rights.

Wyobrażenia zbiorowe społeczeństw byłej Jugosławii w XXI wieku. Perspektywa politologiczna

Author(s): Magdalena Rekść / Language(s): Polish

The publication is a novel study in the field of Polish political science regarding collective representations – a category associated mainly with sociology – from the point of view of a political sphere researcher. The theoretical model adopted by the author has been used to outline and analyze the shapes of collective representations of the peoples of the former Yugoslavia in the difficult period of protracted economic crisis and the accumulation of further political problems. The in-depth diagnosis of ordinary people's feelings about the reality that surrounds them has led to the ascertainment that, over the recent years, rising problems and negative emotions have begun to predominate over optimistic premises, while maintaining stability in the region requires some more determined and well-thought-out actions by the international community. The monograph, written from the perspective of political science and based on qualitative data, combines the elements of other social sciences and humanities, which appeared necessary to explain the interdisciplinary category of collective representations in an integral manner. This broader view of the complicated Balkan region can contribute to improving the knowledge and understanding of it.

Èthos przywódcy politycznego w myśli starożytnej i renesansowej. Platon, Cyceron, Machiavelli, Guicciardini

Author(s): Marta Czapińska-Bambara / Language(s): Polish

Plato, Cicero and Machiavelli are considered the classics of political philosophy. Their research constantly stimulates the imagination of researchers and provokes further interpretations. What seemed particularly interesting to me was to illustrate, by dint of deliberations focused on the ethos of a political leader, a certain continuity of thought that can be noticed in the views of these thinkers, and also to indicate the differences appearing in them, resulting from the personal nature of their perceptions and individual understanding of state reality. Despite a keen interest in the writings of Plato, Cicero or Machiavelli, and in the few works that compare ancient thought with the opinions of Renaissance authors, there is still a shortage of this kind of study. My sense of unsatisfaction was augmented by the realization that the work of Francesco Guicciardini – which is a valuable source of information about the social and political situation of Renaissance Florence and offers an additional reference point for Machiavelli's opinions, in this way painting a more complete picture of the era and allowing a better understanding of the contemporary trends – has not been properly recognized in the Polish literature.

Programy rządowe. Studium administracyjnoprawne

Author(s): Sebastian Gajewski / Language(s): Polish

The subject of the monograph is the analysis of theoretical and legal problems related to planning in public and especially government administration, carried out on the basis of empirical research and supplemented by a comprehensive discussion of government programs established by the Council of Ministers. The author examines and discusses the features and legal nature of government programs and selected specific issues of their establishment and implementation. It also formulates a general assessment of the practice and legal framework of issuing and implementing government programs, and attempts to link this process with various theoretical trends in public administration management. The publication is the first in Polish literature of administrative law and administration studies to describe and analyze the phenomenon of government programs as an instrument of planning and management in public administration. It is addressed to people dealing with scientific law and administrative proceedings as well as the science of public administration, as well as law and administration and management students. It may also be helpful for government employees who are responsible for preparing and implementing the programs in question.

Elite Migrants: South Asian Doctors in the UK

Author(s): Yasmin Ghazala Farooq / Language(s): English

This book makes a major contribution to the community cohesion literature and adds a new dimension to our understanding of community cohesion in the UK. Previous research in this area has remained overly focused on the experiences of low/semi skilled migrants. The author provides an analysis of her funded empirical research that investigated the first time the integration experiences of overseas-trained South Asian doctors in three different UK geographical locales. She reflects on their experiences from the point of migration to settlement in the UK society and describes this elite group as existing somewhere between privilege and marginalisation. The book highlights how identities are more plural than discourses of belonging often allow.

Antyfont, Dejnarchos i Likurg

Author(s): Michał Bizoń,Jakub Filonik,Jan Kucharski / Language(s): Polish

This study brings together three canonical Greek orators from different periods. Antiphon, chronologically the first in the canon, takes us to the latter part of the 5th century BC, to the Peloponnesian war, echoes of which are heard in his speeches, and which ultimately brought about his downfall and death. Dinarchus on the other hand, the last of the canon, made a name for himself at the end of the Classical period, and lived on to witness the upheavals of the early Hellenistic age. Lycurgus finally whose life and work to some extent chronologically overlaps with Dinarchus provides a glimpse into the traumatic memory of Chaeronea (338 BC) which marked the end of Athens’ imperial ambitions. In this book the reader will find a Polish translation of the extant speeches of the three orators along with a selection of the preserved fragments of their work. The speeches in question all belong to the forensic genre. Their translations are generously annotated and prefaced with an introduction dealing with the authors’ biographies, an outline of the historical moment in which they lived, and a handful of observations about their style and idiolect. In addition, each of the speeches is also provided with more specific remarks which concern the nature of the case at hand, its legal underpinning, and a prosopography of the parties involved in the dispute.

Refugee Crisis in International Policy - Volume III: Refugee Policies of the International Organizations

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This six-volume book series titled “Refugee Crisis in International Politics” are prepared with the aim of clarifying concepts and challenges in this field. The role of the international organizations in formulation, development and evolution of refugee policies is the focus of the contributions in the third volume. We have eight chapters presented as follows: Doğan Şafak Polat “United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its Relations with the other United Nations’ Organs”; Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik “Interagency Cooperation between UNHCR and ILO (International Labour Organization) on the Promotion of Refugees Right to Work”; Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik “Demographic Reports of UNHCR for Refugees”; İsmail Melih Baş “The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Migrants / Migration”; Dinçer Bayer “Refugee Policy of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)”; Adnan Seyaz “NATO and the Current Refugee Crisis Prospects and Challenges”; Furkan Yıldız “Refugee Policies of Council of Europe”; and Hazar Dördüncü “The Impact of International Trade Organizations on the Refugee Crisis”.

Youth Identity, Politics and Change in Contemporary Kurdistan

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Today’s youth are challenging the older political class around the world and are forming new political generations. Examples from South Africa and elsewhere where peace processes were deemed to be successful show signs of youth disapproval of the current post-conflict conditions. Moreover, the Arab Spring witnessed numerous youth movements emerge in authoritarian and illiberal contexts. This book was prepared in light of these discussions and aims to contribute to these ongoing debates on youth politics by presenting the situation of youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) as a case study. It will be the first book that specifically focuses on the Iraqi Kurdish youth and their political, social, and economic participation in Kurdistan. The contemporary history of the KRI is marked by conflict, war, and ethnic cleansing under Saddam Hussein and the tyranny of the Ba’ath regime, significantly affecting the political situation of the Kurds in the Middle East. Most of the recent academic literature has focused on the broader picture or, in other words, the macro politics of the Kurdish conundrum within Iraq and beyond. There is little scholarship about the Kurdish population and their socio-economic conditions after 2003, and almost none about the younger generation of Kurds who came of age during autonomous Kurdish rule. This is a generation that, unlike their forebears, has no direct memory of the decades-long campaigns of repression. Studying and examining the rise of this generation of Kurdish young millennials—“Generation 2000”—who came of age in the aftermath of the United States invasion of Iraq offers a unique approach to understand the dynamics in a region that underwent a substantial socio-political transformation after 2003 as well as the impact of these developments on the youth population. Pursuing different themes and lines of inquiry the contributors of the book analyze the challenges and opportunities for young men and women to fulfil their needs and desires, and contribute to the ongoing quest for nationhood and nation-building.

The Turkish Malaise – A Critical Essay

Author(s): Cengiz Aktar / Language(s): English

No one can predict today how Turkey will evolve; which spirit will mark the country’s future. Who could have predicted the turn it has taken in recent years after having been a rising star in the early 2000s, a candidate for the European club, “the” model to follow, especially for Muslim countries seeking justice and prosperity? The failure of its candidacy, in which Europe has its share, has been the prelude to its progressive de-Westernisation accompanied by bellicosity on all fronts, at home and abroad.Western countries are trying to manage this “Turkish crisis” between incomprehension and blind detachment, between appeasement and complicity, between containment and apprehension of seeing this large country decompose in its turn.In this concise and well-documented essay, the author provides analytical tools to understand the split of a society, between state, nation, religion, imperial myth and the West. The analysis is complemented by interviews with the sociologist Nilüfer Göle and the historian Étienne Copeaux, both of whom have witnessed Turkey’s never-ending transformation.

Work and Migration: Case Studies from around the World

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The purpose of this edited book is to look at work and migration from multiple viewpoints and illuminate challenges faced by immigrants in the labour markets around the world. It takes an approach that listens to the voices of different migrant groups in different countries, based mostly on qualitative research. In addition to the main themes of discussion centred on labour markets, this book also makes reference to a wide range of discussion topics which often intersect with employment, labour markets and the work experience of migrants. These include themes such as migrant integration, remittance transfers, relations established and maintained with home countries, legal and institutional arrangements and policy making processes in the host countries, through the concepts of employment and work. The chapters highlight immigrants’ experiences both theoretically and empirically in the contributions around the world. “This book, which includes the experiences of specific groups like qualified, unskilled, and female migrants, makes reference to a wide range of discussion topics such as migrant integration, remittance transfers, relations established and maintained with home countries, legal and institutional arrangements and policy making processes in the host countries, through the concepts of employment and work.”