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They who Have a “Why” to Live for: Purpose Facilitates Positive Employment Experience

Author(s): Guangrong Dai,Eva Susanne Blazek,Signe M. Spencer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

How people find meaning is fundamental to how they approach and experience their work and their personal lives. Purpose is an important construct implied, but often not explicitly discussed, in research on employee experience at work. We conducted a two-phase of research to advance the scientific understanding of individual purpose and the impact of intensity of purpose and types of purpose on work-related outcomes. We developed and validated a purposefulness survey and taxonomies of purpose and values in two samples totaling 1,212 adults from a wide range of educational and employment backgrounds. Popular writing suggests that millennials have the strongest sense of purpose, but this conviction was not validated in this research. Future research will need to elucidate the difference between presence of purpose and searching for purpose, the latter perhaps being stronger for younger than older generations. In our samples, purposefulness predicts work engagement, organizational commitment, perceived fit, planned tenure, and willingness to recommend one’s organization. All purposes do not work equally. Self-transcendent purposes correlate more strongly with purposefulness than do self-focused purposes. Similar pattern has been observed on values. Prosocial values (e.g., Altruism, Community) correlate more strongly with purposefulness than do self-oriented values (e.g., Pleasant Experiences, Open-mindedness). Employee well-being and engagement are important elements of employment experience. If purpose has a significant impact on employment experience, can purpose be manipulated to produce such a positive outcome? For whom is purpose intervention most effective? The current research has considerable practical implications.

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Codified Ideas in Interdisciplinary Collaborations

Author(s): Frank Lorne,Victor Zubashev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper describes a process of meme evolutions in sequential time stages across different disciplines, approaches, and broadly speaking, paradigms. Idea creations between individuals are characterized as codified ideas that can be expanded or simplified according to implicit software used by individuals based on prior knowledge and experience. Neural networks of forms and layers involving input, output, recurrent, memory cells inside of a brain can be similarly conceptualized for communications across individuals for a better understanding of interdisciplinary collaborations. Codified ideas are assumed to be expressed in terms of symbols on the keyboards of computers, which require software to interpret as well as re-expressed to arrive at ideas that can be physically embodied. Different disciplines have different software. Ideas evolved from different software may or may not be physically embodied into something tangible. Tangible physical objects embodying ideas can be scaled or bundled to be branded and marketed. Evolution of memes in terms of codified ideas physically embodied precedes the forming of firms and markets. The emphasis on sequential time stages in the meme evolution in terms of codified ideas can fill a void towards a better understanding of how firms and markets operate. Several types of interdisciplinary collaborations can be identified based on this formulation.

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Creating the Image of the Other in Ukrainian Literature of the 21st Century

Author(s): Iraida Tombulatova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

An imagological research in literature is important as the writers create the images of the other countries for their compatriots. Moreover, those images are to stay in collective memory through the years. It is also necessary to focus on the details, which are depicted in the literary works to understand what creates the universal image of a nation and people. Currently travel literature becomes more and more popular in Ukraine and many authors work in the genre of travelogue. To analyse the trends of actual national images of other countries in Ukrainian contemporary literature the literary pieces of three celebrated Ukrainian writers were taken. The images of Germany, Latin America and the Balkans are represented in the books written by A. Kuzmenko, M. Kidruk and A. Lyubka. It should be noted that all the analysed literary works are the bestsellers. It means that an imagological research deals with the national images, perceived by thousands of the Ukrainians. Furthermore, literature can construct some new national stereotypes of represented nations and destroy some old stereotypes of those nations in the minds of Ukrainian readers. Such a scientific investigation can make it easier to understand the way how cultural artefacts can influence the perception of nations in the period of fast globalization.

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Some Considerations Regarding the Crime of Thwarting Disease Control

Author(s): Nicoleta-Elena Heghes / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Government of Romania adopted the Emergency Ordinance no 28 of March 18, 2020 for the amendment and completion of Law no 286/2009 on the Criminal Code, which amended art. 352 of the Criminal Code regarding the crime of thwarting the fight against diseases as it was considered necessary to intervene in the legislative field of criminal law by increasing on the one hand the penalties for acts already incriminated, as in our case the crime of thwarting the fight diseases, false statements, but also by incriminating new acts such as non-compliance with hospitalization or quarantine provisions, respectively distinct criminalization and harsh punishment of those who by their actions cause infection of other people seriously affecting health or causing the death of one or more people. The motivation for these measures was based on the evolution of the epidemiological situation at national and international level determined by the spread of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19), as well as the declaration of the pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, which confirmed the seriousness and magnitude of this situation, and the authorities noted that since the beginning of March an increasing number of people against whom the institutionalized quarantine measure or the home isolation measure was ordered, did not comply with these measures.

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The Influence of the Context on Adopting Mobile Games in Learning EFL Vocabulary at a Saudi Female Class

Author(s): Madhawi Gh. Alharbi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Learning English is a significant issue worldwide. As Saudi students experienced a difficulty in learning new English words, new teaching methods have been introduced including mobile games. Though we live in a global world where learning and teaching issues became similar, different contexts affect the process of using mobile games in formal learning and this study’s purpose is to investigate the influence of the Saudi context on adopting mobile games in formal female classes. Total of 40 research participants, consisting of 33 students, 4 EFL teachers, 2 school principals and one EFL educational supervisor participated in this study. A mobile game was designed and programmed for the sake of this study. Data were collected from different sources, namely, interviews, focus group discussions and self-reflective essays. Collected data were analyzed qualitatively to yield the study’s results. Results showed that the Saudi social context has a significant influence and an important role in adopting mobile games in female classes. These results will assist other researchers in mobile games’ developers, educationalists in understanding the role of social context over adopting new teaching methods and in choosing or programming games for learning English or any other foreign language.

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Amendment of Criminal Legislation in the Context of the Current Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic

Author(s): Clara Maria Oancea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Following the outbreak of the local COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic, the Romanian Government amended the criminal legislation by tightening the penalties for the crime of false statements (art. 326 Criminal Code), but also by completing the criminal content and increasing the punishment limits for the crime of thwarting the fight against diseases (art. 352 Criminal Code). In the specialty literature, the crime of thwarting the fight against diseases has not been widely debated, until recently the social need to apply it was minimal. At the same time, this crime does not seem to have been applied under the new Criminal Code, until the beginning of the current epidemic. However, in the context of the events that took place in the first 2 weeks of March 2020 on the territory of the country, new forms of crime were introduced and the punishment limits for the already existing ones were increased. Therefore, if until now the crime of thwarting the fight against diseases had a single form punishable by imprisonment from 6 months to 2 years or a fine, which punished only the acts consisting in non-compliance with measures to prevent or combat infectious diseases and only if they had as a result the spread of such a disease, starting with March 20, this crime is much better defined by the legislator and takes into account a series of criminal acts that the authorities have faced lately.

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Efforts in Harmonizing Contract Law: Some Considerations Regarding European Sale of Goods

Author(s): Bogdan Radu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European Union has taken great strides in harmonizing the sale of goods contracts, however the Common European Sales Law is yet to be approved. In 2019, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Directive (EU) 2019/771 of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods. Some of the main benefits of the directive are: a minimum warranty period of two years from the date on which the consumer receives the good in question and a period of one year for the burden of proof reversed in favor of the consumer, and the possibility for the countries to set longer deadlines than these to maintain their current level of consumer protection. This article is set out to present the steps made towards a unified theory of sales law and some issues that can appear when concepts from different legal systems are adopted into one legal framework.

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An Economic Value Approach to Intellectual Capital Accounting: A Case Study of Oman's Hospitality Industry

Author(s): Sandeep Ojha,Mohammed Bakhit Kashoob / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the earliest ages people's commercial activities were predominantly based upon direct haggle system and subsequently, the keeping of records wasn't a part of commercial entities. Later on, in production activities, people started using some initial inputs thus, trifling prerequisite of estimation and transactions in monetary term was realized that helped to originate the coins and alternative currencies. Most of the transactions were wiped out of money, and principles of transactions upon credit terms became a part of business activities, recording of transactions became a compulsion to know the amount were outstanding to him by his customers and what as owing by him to his creditors. Now the day’s commercial activities have reached at its advanced stage. In any form of business two categories of resources are used; active resources and inactive resources. A business cannot be operated without human resource. Human resource also be called as active resource as it uses the non-active resource and makes it doable to the most effective utilization of that inactive resource (Ojha 2013). We can understand that in contemporary production troposphere the indispensability of human resource has been reduced up to a great extent but still without a minimum quantity and quality of human resource, a business cannot be operated. Hence, the human resource will continuously have greater degree of favorable position over the inactive resources. This paper is an effort to explore prevailing practices of HRA in hospitality industry of Dhofar region in Sultanate of Oman by applying reformed Lev & Schwartz model.

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The Main Rights and Obligations Related to Patents in Romania

Author(s): Nicolae Popa,Adriana Tulus / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of globalization of trade industrial property has become a key factor of the world economy and an indispensable attribute of the market economy, it being a key topic in both developed and developing countries. In the field of industrial property, as a branch of intellectual property, Romanian legislation establishes a number of rights and obligations regarding patents. In this paper we propose to present aspects related to the rights and obligations that the holder of a patent must fulfill as provided by Romanian legislation, mainly the Law 64/1991, but also the situations that constitute as exceptions to the violation of these rights. We have also highlighted the updated and interpreted content of the text of the law and have exemplified various situations in national case law to highlight the special importance to be given to regulations concerning industrial property rights, which are a topic of great importance and actuality in Romania in areas such as scientific research, innovation, industrial policies, technological transfer, biotechnology, public health, education, biodiversity, food security and more.

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Surge in Dark Web Crimes, the Indian Legal Scenario and ‘International Cooperation’ as the Way Forward

Author(s): Shubha Ojha / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In today’s technology-driven world, advancements in the internet domain seem to know no bounds. However, while the internet arena has created multiple avenues of development, it has, at the same time, opened up gates for a flurry of illicit activities. Dark web crime has emerged as one such ominous activity that looms over the virtual world and threatens legal systems all across the globe. What started off as the first major internet debacle brought about by the ‘Silk Road’ episode, has now become a source of serious concern for establishing rule of law in the information society. This article delves into the turbid cloud of dark web crimes thriving in the cyber space and the current legal scenario in India to regulate the surge in such malpractices. What stands as a stumbling block before the law enforcement agencies is the transnational element of dark web crimes. While the Indian Penal Code and other legislations comprise provisions related to both territorial and extra-territorial jurisdiction, the extra-territorial jurisdiction is such that it leaves a lot of ambiguity in terms of applicability of Indian laws to cyber offences that may be committed by foreign nationals overseas but the effects of which are felt in India. The author, through the course of this article, brings to light loopholes in the criminal and cyber laws of India, proposes international cooperation as the need of the hour, and analyses if the Budapest Convention on Cybercrimes provides an efficacious solution in this context.

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The Consumption of Drugs in Romanian Schools and its Effects over the Health and Development of the Individual

Author(s): Cristian Dan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The consumption of drugs has remained a long term issue of a significant importance, due to the fact that the substances which accelerate the production of endorphins at the neocortex level present an extended effect or even a definitive one in regards of the cognitive-emotional capacity of the consumer. This kind of practice is not absent in Romania, the number of persons taking in these type of elements showing a significant growth in the last 20 years. The current paperwork will largely focus on analyzing the factors which bring contribution to the distribution and consumption of drugs, especially in schools, and how they affect the social, cultural, cognitive and psychological evolution of the normal person. In the same manner, the article will bring into attention the current legislation of Romania in accordance with this subject, the methods used for prevention and tackling with the phenomenon of illegal substances and the support brought by the dispositions applied at the European Union level. At the end, a series of conclusions will have the main goals of correlating the Romanian legislation with the European one and to shed light upon the methods offered by the educational system in order to stop the accelerated spread of this vice between the students and the sanctions applied.

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Psychiatric Consequences of Novel Coronavirus Pandemic

Author(s): Cristina Gabriela Șchiopu,Cristinel Ștefănescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The spreading of the new COVID-19 is changing priorities, bringing new challenges to medicine and disrupting the social-biological-psychological balance resulting in mental health consequences during the active epidemic but more important, in the sequel of the outbreak, with expected long-term effects. First, there are psychiatric patients that tend to be less compliant to containment measures and therefore can present higher risk of infection. Moreover, official protocols recommend the stop of most antipsychotic drugs during infection with Covid-19 which can lead to relapse of mental disorder. On the other hand, restrictions in the healthcare units are impacting the relationship and contact between doctor and patient which in some cases, are psychological comforting and reassuring for the ill during treatment. Another aspect targets general population. The quarantine, work shutdown, self-isolation and unemployment are powerful stress factors with possible significant rise in depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleeping disorders, substance abuse (mainly alcohol) and suicidal behaviors. Loneliness and lack of normal daily routine, even in the era of internet and social media can bring up the importance and necessity of human contact and diversified activity. Isolation and closing of educational activity can increase incidence of domestic violence and child abuse within families with such problems but also new such cases can emerge due to stress and tensions between family members. Healthcare workers tend to be affected mainly by stress, lack of sleeping and burnout. All variables must be analyzed on account of prevention and management.

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Code Switching in Selected Catholic Bishops’ Lenten Pastoral Letters in the Ecclesiastical Province of Onitsha, Nigeria

Author(s): Virginia C. Okafor / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Language serves its users both as a means of communication and as an index of their culture and identity. The speaker not only communicates his ideas but also expresses his belonging to a group. Sometimes, this comes naturally and sometimes intentionally to achieve a particular purpose in a discourse. Catholic bishops in the Ecclesiastical Province of Onitsha have prominently employed code switching in their pastoral letters. The objective of this paper is to examine the bishops’ deployment of code switching in the letters with the aim of determining its discourse functions. The study is based on Howard Giles’ Communication Accommodation Theory in combination with Aristotle’s theory of persuasion, with particular emphasis on pathos and ethos. Data are obtained from selected pastoral letters ranging between 20 and 104 pages and published between 2000 and 2010 by the Catholic bishops in the ecclesiastical province of Onitsha, Nigeria. These are subjected to discourse analysis, which reveals that the bishops have deployed code switching from English to Igbo in order to accommodate to the audience to achieve solidarity and enlist their support, and from English to Latin in order to show off learning, maintain social status and present themselves positively to elicit admiration, all for the ultimate purpose of persuading the faithful to comply with their messages.

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Management of the Educational Team in the Context of Current Changes

Author(s): Claudia Ștefan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Acting in the name of a quality education means, first of all, knowing how to communicate and collaborate with others. Often, the dysfunctions in the education process, both interface and depth, are caused by insufficient training of a team management, but also by the inefficiency of team dynamics. All these aspects send us to the complexity of the collective factors, and those who know how to intervene in such contexts do not seem to be numerous. The article aims to address the dynamics of educational teams following three main levers: optimizing communication and collaboration relations initiated by the manager to educational factors, optimizing communication and collaboration relations initiated by the educational public to managers and optimizing communication relations between educational factors, especially between teachers and beneficiaries of education - students. Thus, possible blockages are specified that may occur in the process of effective communication and collaboration in education, as well as a number of suggested actions in order to help unblock these blockages and streamline the collaboration process.

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Assessing the Relationships between Demographics, Street Trees and Visual Recognition of Urban Buildings

Author(s): Yuen T. Tsang / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As more “green” cities are emerging in the 21st century, human recognition of urban buildings can be obstructed by increasing amount of vegetation in urban areas. While the architectural designs of urban buildings are more complicated than before, architects often seek the maximum exposure of the design to public. If vegetation obstructs significant portions of an innovative design of a building, the visual value and attractiveness of the building can diminish greatly. People may not able to retain much visual and spatial memories about a building or even a city because their views are obstructed. This paper begins with a thorough review of current and past literature about the relationship between buildings, street trees, and visibility in urban environments. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that influence visual recognizability of buildings in an urban environment. First, a method called “green ratio” is proposed to quantify the amount of greenery that people can see on the ground. The result can be beneficial to urban planners, architects, city planners, urban geographers, and city tourism board for better integrating vegetation and buildings in a cityscape. The goal of understanding people’s visual recognition of urban objects is to raise inhabitant’s satisfaction, capture their attention, and make strong impressions towards the city.

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The Restrictions of Fundamental Rights during a State of Emergency

Author(s): Robert Şerbănescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Human rights are one of the fundamental pillars for a democratic society. In order for one to benefit from freedom of thought and action, these elements must be recognized and guaranteed by the state legislation. However, there are certain times when sacrifices must be made in order to overcome a threat. The danger can be represented by either a climate of war, a pandemic or any other phenomenon that can affect one or more countries on a general level. Basic rights can be exemplified by the right to private property, freedom of circulation, freedom of speech and consciousness. The article will provide a general presentation of the state of emergency and the conditions which are required for it to be implemented in Romania. In the same manner, the implications on a legal, social, psychological and moral level will be brought into evidence. For a society to be able to push past any large scale obstacle, there must exist an understating from both the citizens and the institutions. Cooperation, communication and transparency are the main factors by which a community can protect itself and remain united during hardships.

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The Effects of Migration on Germany

Author(s): Petronella Képes / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration from third world countries toward the European Union is one of the biggest challenges that the European Union has to face. It represents political, economic, and societal risks as well as new opportunities. Depending on the weights one attaches to the ups or the downs of migration, the overall effects of migration are dubious. There is also a problem even with the term migration because people use it in several meanings: one of the goals of this paper is to dispel the misunderstanding around the definition. A previous research focused on the probable effects on Germany's population of immigration coming from the third world simply as a function of the number of immigrants. The purpose of the current paper is to elaborate further this simple model by introducing education. Namely, if the willingness to have children also depends on education, how will Germany’s population react to immigration, how the distribution of subpopulations will change. The paper presents possible scenarios by using evolutionary game theoretical tools.

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Procedures for Preventing the Insolvency of Professionals

Author(s): Daniela Ciochina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Insolvency procedures are constituted as measures aimed for the debtor and/or creditor(s) either to help the former to recover from its financial duress or the later to recover as much debt as is possible without prejudice to others. The insolvency decision must be taken in due time in order to be able to find financing and reorganization solutions for the activity, so as to avoid the bankruptcy of the professional. Most legal systems integrate certain warning-procedures (pre-insolvency procedures) for the debtor or creditor to start so as the former is not subjected to the implications of the more serious insolvency procedure when, in most cases, is too late to recover. The professional is defined by art. 3 par. (2) Civil Code as anyone that is operating an enterprise. The procedures provided by this law apply to these professionals with the exception of those exercising liberal professions, as well as those in respect of which special provisions are provided regarding their insolvency regime (e.g. banks, insurance companies). Insolvency legislation is based on guiding principles, which are found in the Law no 85/2014 regarding prevention procedures of insolvency and insolvency. Starting from my opinion that some of these principles on which the prevention of insolvency of professionals in Law no 85/2014 is based, are sufficiently artificial and rigid, broken by practical applicability, I will address in this article the exclusion of the true basic rules that are disregarded or omitted from a written point of view and especially from the point of view of applicability in practical reality.

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The Public’s Guide to Climate Change Mitigation: Contemporary Crises

Author(s): Noemi Florea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Contemporary challenges regarding climate change, global wealth disparity, and resource depletion are in many ways emblematic of systemic flaws borne out of anthropocentric philosophy. As an introduction to The Public’s Guide to Climate Change Mitigation, this article reviews the features of the modern economic system which have contributed to contemporary challenges, and seeks to demonstrate that mitigation in itself will not be enough to resolve a global crisis that demands holistic change. Key points include instrumentalist ideologies evolving from Enlightenment thinking, the inherent limitations of the growth system and the corporate and administrative inabilities to adapt within sustainable boundaries, and the effects of neoliberalism on ecological and socio-cultural challenges. By reviewing each subsystem’s influence on the global economic, social, and ecological systems, deeper understandings of contemporary ideologies can be achieved; this can then lead to recognizing current societal inabilities to address systemic flaws, and serve to begin reimagining the system as a whole to be more in line with demands for sustainability.

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The Entitlement to Take Legal Action of Individuals

Author(s): Valentina Avramescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper addresses the topic of the entitlement to take legal action of individuals. As it is well-known, persons are called subjects of civil law, and between them a legal relationship occurs. The quality of this subject of law is expressed by what is called the civil legal standing and which includes: the entitlement to take legal action and the legal competence. In this paper, we talk about the notion of entitlement to take legal action of individuals - a component of civil standing. This quality of the subject of law presents all the rights that an individual can acquire. We also present the legal characteristics of the entitlement to take legal action, aspects related to the occurrence of the entitlement to take legal action, the exception of acquiring the entitlement to take legal action from the date of conception, as well as the constitutive elements of the entitlement to take legal action of individuals and in the end we presented the ways of termination of the entitlement to take legal action of the individual.

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