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The Baltic States have overhauled legislation to detect wrongdoing and conducted anti-corruption campaigns. However, little attention has been given to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures and the possible trade-offs in relation to democracy and the rule of law. On the basis of more than 1,500 interviews, civil servants’ perception of the effectiveness of increased detection, punishment for corrupt officials, and conducting campaigns and ethical training are mapped. Across the three countries, the civil servants find an increase in punishment most effective and recommendable although campaigns and ethical training should not be overlooked. Furthermore, it is found that civil servants’ perception of anti-corruption measures is influenced by their sensitivity to the extent of misuse within their country and gender in addition to national differences between the countries.
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In the article the challenge of multiple accountabilities in Finnish public administration is analyzed from the viewpoints of citizens, legislators and local managers. By asking “accountable to whom”, the definitions, types and forms of accountability are discussed in the theoretical part of the article. The empirical part discusses the survey-based research on multiple accountabilities. The data is gathered through four Finnish surveys. Three types of accountability were identified from the analysis: political, bureaucratic and legal. Related to these types, appropriate instruments and tools of accountability are suggested as well.
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The regained interest in the EU for public procurement as a means to stimulate innovation has prompted a debate regarding to what extent the laws regulating public procurement, in particular the EC Procurement Directives, hinder innovation. The rationale for committing to such a debate is presumably the assumption that problems currently slowing down the adoption of public procurement of innovation practices are exclusively of legal nature. This paper challenges this view and argues instead that many of the problems stem from other institutional levels than formal law. In particular this is true in public-procurement projects involving multi-organisational collaboration. The paper discusses a case in which an English local council, in collaboration with a number of other organisations, tried to procure a wood-chip-fuelled power plant intended to deliver sustainable energy to a renewed part of the town centre. The procurers made the decision, however, to terminate the project without rewarding the contract because of reasons that had very little to do with the EC Directives. It may even be argued that if the problems encountered are exclusively dealt with as legal problems, important aspects of the puzzle are missing. Based on the case findings this paper proposes that organisation-oriented institutional analysis may be particularly important for understanding how institutional factors may affect the success or failure of multi-organisational collaborations in public procurement of innovation.
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The phenomenon of beggars is analyzed in the article. The advantage of the blind beggars over other beggars is revealed. The works depicting blind beggars by sculptures and artistists of the 16th-20th centuries is systemized and presented.
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With a view to a more precise diagnostics of current peculiarities of education in music / arts schools, leaders‘ of the latter Lithuanian schools attitude towards musical education and its possible perspectives was analyzed. The analysis of the obtained data shows the realistic situation: the education being carried out at music / arts schools is still influenced by the traditions formed in the past century, and is partly determined by the leaders‘ attitude, is frequently isolated from society topicalities, is rather reserved with regard to spread of innovations. However, the research conducted also emphasized positive aspects of education: educational forms attractive for students are gradually included into contents of education in separate schools, various demands of the students are being taken into consideration, more divert artistic expression more acceptable for students is being encouraged.
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Considering peculiarity and complexity of urban structure it is possible to state that sustainable development of cities is different at different levels of urban structure and in different cities that are in different geopolitical, natural, cultural, social and economic situation. The aim of the article is to evaluate potential of contemporary theoretical urban models and possibilities of their application to ensure sustainable development of Kaunas city. The potential of theoretical models and conceptions is evaluated dividing urban structure of Kaunas into main hierarchical levels of metropolitan region, city, meta-zones and meta-structures and urban infill (city parts).
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The article discusses the conception of developing the artistic competence of art teachers. The main components of the artistic competence of pre-service art teachers and their relationships are discussed. The article reveals pre-service art teachers’ artistic competence as a complicated, complex, and multi-dimensional phenomenon of knowledge, aptitude, acquired skills, abilities, and value-based provisions, forming the creator’s personality, whose creative interests and activity develop artistic competence.
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In the article the problem of sprouting in the churchyards of Siauliai district and the relation of trees with the architecture are touched. By the researches the forms of churchyards, the assortment of ligneous plants, age, condition and influence to the general church view, peculiarity of churchyard environment is estimated. Attention is given to tree growing places, pruning, age and value. There are named typical plants which are charakteristic to the eight churchyards of Siauliai district.
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In the "Păcatele limbii" (the Sins of Language) section of the magazine, Rodica Zafiu makes an analysis of present "language innovations". In this issue: Romanian names.
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While created by Wilhelm Humboldt in the beginning of the 19th century and having derived from the classical studies and thus memorizing the ideals of Ancient Greece by way of comprehending humanity, the model of gymnasium became the object of public controversy dating yet from the 1830s. Whatever necessary changes were required as for the shape of education in gymnasium, they were armed with various revolutionary statements, such as the defense of Christian dogma in the context of the pagan style of upbringing that surrounded the Greek image, the latter being even worshipped at school, and then the civilizational evolution (the necessity of matching the programs with the contemporary technical progress, and the frames of industrialization, everything, at last, that both a nation and the unified German Reich could have benefitted up from the year 1871, and that by the same token had longed for the establishment of what was called ‘national background’ while having withdrawn from the ancient patterns the then young people were to master. Despite differentiated means of interference, the classical teaching did not cease from being the authoritative one in the process of education, whereas the nine-year gymnasium remained as the most essential within the secondary school system.
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In the historical process culture develops and enriches itself thanks to the various elements of human cooperation and coexistence. In the sphere of culure the collection of names creates a specific store of both individual and collective experiencing of particular group with its various needs that change throughout the time. Analysis of the sources that was committed suggests that the naming cultural bordeline of Cieszyn reflects itself mostly in the varieties on the motivational and frequency grounps. The considered names encoupas not only spiritual and material cultural features, not only mirror the hierarchy of values as well as the fluctuations in the member’s mentality and tradition but then also mirror social atitudes as the exposure of the social, administrative, religious character of the coontrn’s situation and the awarness of the national belonging of oneself.
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The czech theatre in Cieszyn throughout 120 years was planing the role of “pedagologital theatre” (in the reasonning of Margaret Dietrich, austrian theatrologist) as it was acquainting with Czech language, popularizing knowledge of Czech Republic and czech nation, aquaintingwith national dramaturgy, with the theatrical works of czech cultural centres. It was also widening the horizons of knowledge and also, that is mostly significant when speaking of the national borderline matters, it was popularring (with few recalled exept (ons) patterns of conflict free Polish-Czech co-existenceachieved thanks to the support of the Cieszyn’s in habitants of the polish nationality. Firstly it was done at the patchy, when it comes to the nationality profice, territory followed by solely Polish domain. Appearance of the Czech theatre in the Polish reality of Cieszyn, as one of the modern forms of popularizing culture, becomes also a challenge when it comes both to the multicultural education in its wide perspective and to the multidimensional prooving the ability of multiculural dialoque.
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Malcolm Ross proposes a creative, expressive model for cognition in the arts. He adopts Ingarden’s ‘metaphysical’ account of the meaning of art and argues for a pedagogy that engages and develops the child’s ‘intelligence of feeling’. Feeling is distinguished from emotion as the medium of consciousness. In an education system that has traditionally emphasised objectivity and rationality at the expense of subjectivity and feeling, knowledge at the expense of knowing, calculation at the expense of contemplation, the need to redress the balance is urgent.
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