FINANCIAL INTEGRATION OF THE NEW MEMBER STATES – CASE STUDY OF EU’S REGULATORY INITIATIVE ON FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES

Author(s): Ivana Bajakić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

New technologies are changing at a very fast course and reshaping the financial system significantly. FinTech is a relatively new term used for technology enabled innovation in the area of financial services and includes variety of products, applications, models and processes. FinTech provides new opportunities both for private sector and its consumers, increasing efficiency and integration of financial systems across Europe and worldwide. The above-mentioned trends have motivated the European Commission to initiate actions in order to promote technology enabled innovation in the area of financial services. The goal is to empower all market players in promoting new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence while controlling risks and protecting consumers. Based on the analysis of secondary data, this paper aims, first, to discuss the effects these measures will have on the financial markets across Europe, especially with regard to better regulation. Secondly, the objective is to research financial integration for the New Member States’ financial markets with regard to new technologies and the access they provide for financial services and consequently efficiency improvement of the financial system.

POST-TRUTH ERA AND VESTED INTERESTS IN APPROACHING ECONOMY IN FINANCIAL NEWSPAPER HEADLINES AND LEADS. NEWSWORTHINESS QUOTA IN THE CASE OF PROGRESSIVE TAX VERSUS FLAT TAX IN THE ROMANIAN DAILIES ZIARUL FINANCIAR AND FINANCIARUL

Author(s): Aurelia Ana Vasile / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, in times that Ralph Keyes (2004) called the post-truth era, there is an obvious trend towards embellishing or re-shaping the truth until it gets diluted into what the author of this dilution desires and is interested in. The term vested interests coined by William Crano (1995) may account for the background motivation that may lead towards this widely resorted to distortion of the truth so that it may fit the aims of the distorter. When referring to vested interests, the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary specifies the existence of interests in influencing others so that some benefits may be obtained or preserved. According to Crano (1995, pp. 131-158), “if the attitude object is subjectively important and the perceived personal consequences are significant, there will be a greater chance the individual’s attitude will be expressed behaviorally”. Such aspects of communication may have strong economic impact, and are therefore crucially significant when they manifest in the main stream media in the field, i.e., in the most important economical publications. Economic vested interests may thus have a great impact and bring about the tampering with the truth, mostly on key topics like fiscal policies. Our content analysis of a research corpus of 210 news stories (that got elicited online starting from the keywords “progressive/flat tax”) in the two Romanian economic dailies that have the largest circulation, Ziarul Financiar (9200 copies), and Financiarul (8500 copies), in the time span 10th January 2008 – 28th February 2019 has revealed intriguing facts. We have selected such a time span because Financiarul published its very first issue on the 10th of January 2008. The keywords “progressive/flat tax” were chosen as the economic stake of such a topic that they refer to is quite high and it consequently may then trigger strong vested interests and the temptation to tamper with the truth. The fair distribution of the tax burden (Peter Diamond, Emmanuel Saez, 2011, p.165), and the model of optimal tax theory and practice arouse significant interest, mostly on the part of large businesses that engender high profit rates. We tackled the news story headlines and leads that contain the mentioned keywords, as such story parts comprise the main point of stories. However, the whole orientation of the stories was taken into account for the gist that is relevant with regard to our research aims to reveal some post-truth communication mechanisms involved in economical gearing towards vested interests, in order to better critically understand and be able to strengthen democracy and economic fairness. According to our findings, in Ziarul Financiar, 28 % of the headlines and leads explicitly tackled the issue, whilst in Financiarul, almost 74 % bluntly referred to the progressive and to the flat tax. There were also clear differences in point of the newsworthiness quota ̶ a term or concept that is aimed to be coined here ̶ allotted by the two dailies to the topic of progressive versus flat tax. Moreover, content specifically, organizations and individuals that appeared in the content of these headlines, leads, and whole stories expressed stances that accounted for vested interests.

CROWDFUNDING FINANSIRANJE – STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE U SRBIJI

Author(s): Biljana Rabasović,Mlađen Vićentić,Ivana Marković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Crowdfunding je nov način grupnog prikupljanja sredstava za finansiranje inovativnih ideja, čiji se koreni mogu pronaći još u dalekoj istoriji. Ovaj specifičan model finansiranja u svetu beleži brz rast sa razvojem Interneta i društvenih mreža. U Srbiji ovo još uvek nije slučaj, mada poslednjih godina dolazi do blagih pozitivnih pomaka. U radu će biti predstavljen istorijat razvoja ovog specifičnog modela finansiranja, mogućnosti i prednosti prikupljanja finansijskih sredstava uz pomoć crowdfunding platformi, objašnjeni osnovni tipovi, motivacije za učesnike i mehanizmi funkcionisanja. Takođe, biće dat prikaz dosadašnjih kretanja u Srbiji i okruženju u ovoj inovativnoj oblasti grupnog finansiranja. Prethodnih godina, na ovaj način u Srbiji su prikupljena relativno skromna sredstva. Najviše sredstava prikupljeno je u oblasti umetnosti, obrazovanja i preduzetništva, dok projekti zaštite životne sredine, zaštite ljudskih prava i razvoj tehnologije zauzimaju zanemarljiv procenat. Neke od prepreka u dosadašnjem slabom razvoju ovog modela finansiranja, do kojih se u istraživanju došlo jesu: nizak stepen upoznatosti ciljne javnosti sa postojanjem i mehanizmima funkcionisanja ovog načina finansiranja, pepoznavanje potencijalnih koristi koje pruža, veoma mali odziv backer-a sa domaćeg tržišta i brojni drugi. Nameće se zaključak da postoji mnogo prostora za razvoj ali i da je neophodna edukacija svih strana i bolja informisanost o mogućnostima i motivaciji za učesnike sa obe strane. Neki od koraka u ovom procesu su već započeti i detaljnije će biti predstavljeni u radu.

TEMPORARY DISTORTIONS AND INDIVIDUAL IGNORANCE

Author(s): Marius Calin Benea,Maria Laura Benea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Individuals live their lives under the forces of time and ignorance. Since the economy is dealing with the study of a significant part of people’s lives, it was normal that aspects of it to be considered sooner or later. Our intention, when we started this paper, was to develop a certain apparatus of economic analysis, which unites several branches of the sciences that study the products of cooperation between people and to show how these products evolve depending on the expectations and the time horizon of individuals. The term “ignorance” has nothing pejorative in this context because it is largely the result of a rational choice of individuals. Limiting resources, and in particular time availability, causes people not to use all the information they might gather if they have at their disposal unlimited amounts of time and money. In addition, certain information, such as the tastes and wishes of others, is inaccessible to the individual from an economic point of view. The individual must rely on certain mechanisms and social institutions to co-operate with his fellows, including trading. But one of the temptations that one finds hard to resist is to show how people’s lives can be ameliorated if some bad influences would be eliminated; how can those forces that apparently destroy the plans of individuals can be countered; Finally, how, through some well-thought-out measures, people’s lives can get a happy turn when they no longer expect anything better. From this perspective, we hope that the present paper transmits in an indirect way a clear message: we have resisted this temptation. No! People’s lives cannot be made better by pencil traits, by genius ideas about the overall social organization or by combating ignorance. Instead, it can be made more difficult and miserable. It is right that social sciences do not have, in the eyes of many, the status of physics or mathematics for example. However, economic constraints are real and cannot be avoided simply by ignoring them. Ignorance becomes truly dangerous only when some people can decide the fate of others over their will.

EMOCIONALNA INTELIGENCIJA KAO FAKTOR KOMPETENCIJE USLUŽNOG OSOBLJA

Author(s): Biljana Rabasović,Vladimir Krivošejev,Nikola Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Uslužna industrija ili industrija iskustva, kako je danas nazivamo, kao ključni resurs prepoznaje kvalitetno uslužno osoblje. Emocionalna inteligencija4 postaje sve važnija snaga ovog kvaliteta, ukoliko kognitivne sposobnosti i stručna znanja posmatramo kao podrazumevajuće. Kako se većina usluga proizvodi i troši u interakciji davaoca i korisnika, neretko, i više korisnika u isto vreme, a uslužno osoblje predstavlja deo same usluge, to i određeni elementi konstrukta EI imaju veći ili manji uticaj na uspeh “momenata istine”. Cilj ovog rada jeste da se predstave najvažniji elementi EI, njihov uticaj na ukupnost kvaliteta kompetencija uslužnog osoblja i, konačno, na kvalitet isporučene usluge. Kvalitet i nivo EI utiču na intrapersonalne i na interpersonalne regulatorne procese pojedinca. Na unutrašnjem planu, zaposleni sa višim stepenom EI svesniji su svojih emocija i faktora koji ih izazivaju, što im omogućava lakše regulisanje negativnih emocija, postizanje višeg nivoa zadovoljstva životom i poslom, manji stepen izgaranja, efikasnije prepoznavanje i borbu sa stresorima. Na spoljašnjem planu, viši novoi varijabli EI povećavaju potencijal kvaliteta interpersonalnih odnosa i preko empatije omogućavaju pojedincu da shvati emocije drugih, a u višim fazama njima i upravlja. Posmatrana zajedno, ova dva aspekta čine nezaobilaznu platformu za razumevanje problema i potreba drugih i osnovni su uslov za pružanje visokokvalitetne usluge prilagođene korisniku, što je imperativ najvećeg broja grana uslužne industrije.

PRIVATNE BEZBJEDNOSNE KOMPANIJE U SISTEMU ODBRANE CRNE GORE

Author(s): Željko Spalević,Dražen Božović,Ljubiša Konatar / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Ovaj rad bavi se razvojem privatne bezbjednosti i njene društvene uloge u sistemu odbrane sa posebnim osvrtom na odnosu privatne bezbjednosti i sistema odbrane kao najznačajnijeg dijela sistema nacionalne bezbjednosti. U istraživanju posebno je istaknuta mogućnost i potreba angažovanja privatnih bezbjednosnih kompanija kao privrednih subjekata u sistemu odbrane. U radu autori nastoje da daju odgovore na više pitanja: razvoj privatnih bezbjednosnih kompanija, njihovo normativno uređenje i angažovanje u sistemu odbrane. Posmatrano sa istorijskog aspekta, bezbjednost je oduvijek bila djelatnost kojom su se, uglavnom, bavile državne institucije (policija, vojska i obavještajno bezbjednosne službe). Usložavanje poslova državne uprave, povećanje preduzetničkih aktivnosti, kao i ograničeni kapaciteti državnog bezbjednosnog sektora za kvantitativno uvećan, a kvalitativno sve različitije lepeze bezbjednosnosnih zadataka, dovelo je do pojave i profilisanja različitih subjekata-oblika privatne bezbjednosti. Privatne bezbjednosne kompanije pored obezbjeđenja privatnog kapitala našle su svoje mjesto i u državnim organima (zaštitarski, i drugi stručni poslovi) ili se radi o poslovima od posebnog značaja za bezbjednost i odbranu.

STRUCTURED IMPLEMENTATION OF A RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF A MEDIUM-SIZED INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

Author(s): Peter Davids,Milan Fekete / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Risk management is not always an intentionally controlled process. There are basic structures considering some of the obvious risks but those structures are often lacking proper documentation and implementation. As the scope for risk management has widened more and more during the last 10 years, it is absolutely essential that SME’s, the same as distinguished private companies, large private companies and public companies, run a modern structured and fully implemented risk management system. According to § 91 II of the German Stock Corporation Act, it is a part of the care obligations of the members of the Management Board (analogous to Limited Companies’ managing directors, see § 43 I and II of the German Limited Companies Act) to establish an appropriate risk management system and an internal monitoring system. An additional actual demand for risk management is stipulated in the new ISO 9001:2015 quality management standards. On the example of a company, which is a SME involved in the chemical industry, the requirement for risk management, which is codified in the described regulations, has so far been taken into account only to a limited extent. The goal of the paper is therefore to build options for implementing a risk management as an integral part of monitoring and control system on the existing structures within the corporate planning. It must also be ensured that the identification and proof of all of the measures in this respect should be carried out in a manner that is comprehensible for the auditors, because „… the auditor must support the Supervisory Board by examining the risk-early warning system as a part of the audit of the annual financial statements and, in the context of the management report, the disclosure of risks to the future development of the company and reporting on the outcome of the audit” (Wirtschaftsprüferhandbuch, 2000). Within the framework of the presented paper, basic structures will be created in order to subsequently enable a gradual refinement of risk management as the result of an exploratory process.

SPREMNOST NA PLAĆANJE CJENOVNE PREMIJE ZA EKOLOŠKE PREHRAMBENE PROIZVODE

Author(s): Marija Ham / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Cjenovna premija, odnosno viša cijena u odnosu na konvencionalne proizvode, prisutna je danas kod većine ekoloških proizvoda. Ona može biti rezultat cjenovne strategije odnosno strategije diferencijacije brenda, ali i stvarnog višeg troška proizvodnje. Marketerima ekoloških proizvoda, a samim time i istraživačima u predmetnom području, stoga je od velike važnosti razumjeti čimbenike koji utječu na spremnost na plaćanje cjenovne premije za ekološke proizvode. U nekim se istraživanjima namjera kupnje ekoloških proizvoda izjednačava, odnosno mjeri upravo pomoću varijable spremnost na plaćanje cjenovne premije. U Hrvatskoj je upravo kupnja ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda najrazvijenija i najprihvaćenija kada su u pitanju kupnje ekoloških proizvoda, a predstavlja ujedno i najprihvaćeniji oblik ekološki usmjerenog ponašanja. Kupnja ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda prestavlja stoga primjeren kontekst za ovakvo istraživanje, a kako bi se doprinijelo razvijanju spoznaja i stvaranju baze znanja koja se dalje mogu primijeniti i na druge kategorije proizvoda i druge oblike ekološki usmjerenog ponašanja.Svrha ovog rada je identificirati čimbenike koji utječu na spremnost potrošača da plate višu cijenu prehrambenog proizvoda u odnosu na konvencionalne proizvode, a koja proizlazi iz ekoloških obilježja proizvoda, odnosno tzv. cjenovnu premiju. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 411 ispitanika iz istočne Hrvatske koji predstavljaju osobe koje obavljaju kupovinu većine namirnica za kućanstvo. Rezultati provedene regresijske analize pokazali su da najjači pozitivan utjecaj na spremnost za plaćanje cjenovne premije imaju stavovi prema okolišu, a gotovo jednako snažan prediktor je i povjerenje u ekološke proizvode i oznake. Potrošači koji su zabrinuti za stanje okoliša i svoju ulogu u tome vide važnom, bit će spremni platiti više za proizvode koji pozitivno doprinose tom, njima važnom pitanju, a očekivano je velika važnost i povjerenja u vjerodostojnost ekoloških proizvoda i oznaka. Nadalje potrošači koji drže da je doprinos lokalnom gospodarstvu izuzetno važno pitanje, bit će spremni kupovati te lokalne i domaće proizvode i unatoč višoj cijeni. Nešto slabiji, ali također statistički značaj utjecaj na spremnost za plaćanje cjenove premije utvrđen je i kod konstrukta percipirano znanje o ekološkim pitanjima te stavovi o zdravlju. Implikacije ovih rezultata ukazuju na zaključak kako je za marketere ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda osobito važna edukacija potrošača koja će im omogućiti da razumiju učinke ekoloških prehrambenih proizvoda kako na okoliš, tako i na lokalno gospodarstvo, ali i na njihovo zdravlje. Osobito je pri tome važno obratiti pozornost na vjerodostojnost, provjerljivost i transparentnost tvrdnji kako bi se izgradilo povjerenje, ali i na oznaživanje potrošača i podizanje razine percipiranog znanja. Potrošači koji imaju visoku razinu povjerenja, ali i samopouzdanja vezano uz vlastito znanje, bit će skloniji svoje stavove, ali i znanje prenositi i na članove svojih referentnih skupina. U teorijskom smislu, ovaj rad doprinosi spoznajama o utjecajnim čimbenicima na varijablu: spremnost na plaćanje cjenovne premije za ekološke proizvode, a koja je u ranijim istraživanjima identificirana kao jedna od ključnih odrednica ekološki usmjerenog ponašanja.

THE EFFECTS OF PROCESS INNOVATION’S DIMENSION INTO PRODUCT INNOVATION – A COMPARATIVE FIRM LEVEL ANALYSIS FROM EU AND NON-EU COUNTRIES

Author(s): Brunilda Kosta,Nertila Busho / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article evaluates the effect of process innovation’s dimensions (new production methods, new logistics and distribution, new supporting activities) into the product innovation, considering a comparable pattern between EU and non-EU countries. To examine this cause-effect chain, 516 interviews with innovative firms, randomly selected using stratified random sampling method, are reported. The sample comprised two sub-samples: four EU countries (Italy, Greece, Slovenia, and Croatia) and four non-EU countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia). The logistic regression analysis reveals a positive association between new or significantly improved methods of manufacturing and product innovation and this causativeness effect is stronger among firms in the EU countries. When it comes to the other process innovation dimensions (new logistics and distribution, new supporting activities), the analysis uncovers no significant association for both sub-samples. Analysing the control variables (firm size, export orientation and governmental support), firm size is not significantly associated with the product innovation. However, export orientation has a significant positive effect on firm’s inclination to engage in product innovation. Similarly, government financial support via tax credits or deductions, grants, subsidised loans, and loan guarantees, has a significant effect on product innovation.

THE CROPS SUPPLY’S PROSPECTS IN MONGOLIA: PRODUCTION, IMPORT AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Author(s): Amar Uuld,Róbert Magda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Crop production has been always main important sector but relatively small part of the Mongolian economy. As of 2017, agricultural sector produced approximately 11 percent of total GDP, which of agricultural production is more than 80 percent of livestock sector and less than 20 percent of crop production (NSO, 2017). Mongolia has a vast area of territory (18th-largest country in the world). However, of the 80% of the land covered with grassland and pastureland, crops have never been produced on less than 1% of the total land area of Mongolia (FAO, 2014). This study reviews Mongolia’s crop production’ current situation, focusing on Mongolia’s crops supply level, self-sufficient rate and government policy in the future. The results show that Mongolia’ policies for ensuring food supply level will be increased and Mongolia will pay attention to more domestic production. Mongolia’s crops self-sufficiency rate is 80 percent of flour and flour products, 107.7 percent of potato, 33.2 percent of vegetables and 0.7 percent of fruits and berries. By 2020, flour and flour products self-sufficiency rate are likely to increase to 100 percent, vegetables to 79 percent and fruits to 7.8 percent with associated government policy. However, fruits are still reliance on import.

REACHED LEVEL OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Milka Grbić,Milena Jovanović Kranjec,Natalija Jovanović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Crop production has been always main important sector but relatively small part of the Mongolian economy. As of 2017, agricultural sector produced approximately 11 percent of total GDP, which of agricultural production is more than 80 percent of livestock sector and less than 20 percent of crop production (NSO, 2017). Mongolia has a vast area of territory (18th-largest country in the world). However, of the 80% of the land covered with grassland and pastureland, crops have never been produced on less than 1% of the total land area of Mongolia (FAO, 2014). This study reviews Mongolia’s crop production’ current situation, focusing on Mongolia’s crops supply level, self-sufficient rate and government policy in the future. The results show that Mongolia’ policies for ensuring food supply level will be increased and Mongolia will pay attention to more domestic production. Mongolia’s crops self-sufficiency rate is 80 percent of flour and flour products, 107.7 percent of potato, 33.2 percent of vegetables and 0.7 percent of fruits and berries. By 2020, flour and flour products self-sufficiency rate are likely to increase to 100 percent, vegetables to 79 percent and fruits to 7.8 percent with associated government policy. However, fruits are still reliance on import.Generally accepted viewpoint is that for the realization of economic growth and decrease of poverty, among other things, the inclusion of individuals in the formal financial flows is necessary. The concept of financial inclusion, as the subject of paper research, is being considered at the example of the selected European countries out of which some have successfully finished transition process and have become the members of European Union (advanced countries in transition), while a number of them is on the road of European integrations (the countries of Western Balkans). In accordance with the subject, the objective of the paper is to carry out comparative analysis of the reached level of financial inclusion of individuals in advanced countries and the countries of Western Balkans. Paying respect to the complexity of the stated problem, the qualitative methodology is applied, based on the dominant application of the methods of analytical description and methods of comparative analysis. In the paper it is concluded that the average values of selected indicators of financial inclusion of the individuals in the case of Western Balkans countries are significantly lower in comparison to the advanced countries in transition. In the context of the measures of economic policy and the elements of development strategies it is necessary to provide the conditions for the increase of financial inclusion, primarily in the countries of Western Balkans. Regarding this, what is necessary, among other things, is financial education for the purpose of improvement of financial literacy of population, implementation of new technologies of mobile banking and electronic payment, designing of financial products that meet the needs of clients and provision of financial services at prices that individuals can afford.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Author(s): Jana Sochuľáková,Katarína Kráľová,Dagmar Petrušová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Small and medium-sized enterprises are considered to be the most flexible, efficient and most advanced forms of enterprise within developed economies. They are characterized by high dynamics of development, adaptability to changing market requirements, flexibility and narrow specialization. They quickly adapt and respond sensitively to the change. Small and medium-sized enterprises can be considered to be holders of innovation, employment, social and regional integration. They guarantee higher efficiency and sustainable growth of the country’s economy. For this reason, the countries devote maximum attention to the state of small and medium-sized enterprises and are constantly taking measures for their development. In Slovakia, more than 90% of all businesses are small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of small and medium enterprises in the Slovak Republic and to assess their financial performance using financial analysis indicators.

SPLETNO OGLAŠEVANJE V VISOKOŠOLSKEM PROSTORU – ANALIZA IZBRANIH TUJIH FAKULTET

Author(s): Tina Vukasović / Language(s): Slovenian Publication Year: 0

Koncept blagovnih znamk se hitro širi s trgov izdelkov na trge storitev, kjer se srečujemo s storitveno blagovno znamko. K temu sta najbolj pripomogla vse večja in hitrejša razvitost storitvenih dejavnosti in tudi povečana konkurenca na trgu njihovih ponudnikov. Širitev pomena uporabe storitvenih znamk se uveljavlja na vseh poslovnih področjih, med njimi vse bolj tudi v visokem šolstvu. Slednje dokazujejo tudi rezultati vsakoletne raziskave, ki prikazuje lestvico najuglednejših univerz sveta. »Biti primerljiv s sorodnimi institucijami v tujini je postal postulat sodobnega visokošolskega prostora, v katerem odjemalci izobraževalnih storitev izbirajo med različnimi možnostmi izobraževanja v najširšem pomenu besede, lahko bi celo rekli »nakupujejo« (izbirajo program, visokošolsko institucijo in podobno). V raziskavi smo z uporabo metode benchmarking opravili analizo spletnega oglaševanja in spletne prisotnosti (on line) izbranih visokošolskih ustanov po svetu: identificirali smo platforme na katerih izbrane fakultete spletno oglašujejo, identificirali oblike spletnega oglaševanja, ki jih uporabljajo izbrane fakultete v komuniciranju na trgu ter napravili analizo ključnih vsebin spletnega oglaševanja/ spletne prisotnosti izbranih fakultet.

VPLIV OHRANJANJA DELOVNE SPOSOBNOSTI STAREJŠIH ZAPOSLENIH NA NJIHOVO DELOVNO ZAVZETOST

Author(s): Maja Rožman,Polona Tominc / Language(s): Slovenian Publication Year: 0

V okviru demografskih sprememb in aktivnega staranja na delovnem mestu, upravljanje starejših postaja vedno pomembnejše področje managementa človeških virov, Staranje delovne sile je ključnega pomena za prihodnjo gospodarsko rast, konkurenčnost in uspešnost, kar pa bo vse bolj odvisno od tega, kako učinkovito lahko delodajalci znali izkoristiti prednosti starejših zaposlenih. Upravljanje starejših zaposlenih je razvijajoča se veja na področju managementa človeških virov in bo v prihodnosti ponudila številne rešitve in koncepte, kako reševati problematiko starejših zaposlenih v podjetjih. Raznolikost delovne sile se danes šteje kot pomemben dejavnik uspešnosti podjetij. Zato je treba starostno raznolikost v podjetjih priznati in jo ceniti, hkrati pa se moramo zavedati, da je treba ustvariti primerno okolje za spoštovanje raznolikosti delovne sile. Starostna raznolikost zaposlenih mora postati del splošne strategije podjetja za enakost in raznolikost. Glavni cilj prispevka je ugotoviti vpliv ohranjanja delovne sposobnosti starejših zaposlenih na njihovo delovno zavzetost v srednje velikih in velikih slovenskih podjetjih. V podjetjih, ki so bila vključena v raziskavo, smo anketirali delodajalce in starejše zaposlene. V vzorec so bila vključena podjetja, pri čemer smo se omejili na srednje velika in velika podjetja v Sloveniji glede na določila Zakona o gospodarskih družbah. Za oblikovanje končnega vzorca podjetij smo uporabili enostavno slučajno vzorčenje. Na osnovi naključnega izbora smo v končni vzorec vključili 1.000 podjetij, od katerih se je odzvalo 472 podjetij in 1.086 starejših zaposlenih. Ugotovili smo, da obstaja statistično značilen pozitiven vpliv ohranjanja delovne sposobnosti starejših zaposlenih na njihovo delovno zavzetost v srednje velikih in velikih podjetij v Sloveniji. Z oblikovanjem ustreznega delovnega okolja za starejše zaposlene, lahko podjetja dosežejo znaten dvig delovne zavzetosti starejših ter prispevajo k izboljšanju upravljanja starejših zaposlenih.

VPLIV ORGANIZACIJSKE ZMOŽNOSTI MREŽENJA HITRO RASTOČEGA PODJETJA NA ZAZNANO FINANČNO USPEŠNOST

Author(s): Blaž Frešer,Karin Širec,Polona Tominc / Language(s): Slovenian Publication Year: 0

Hitro rastoča podjetja so se izkazala kot pomemben element za kreiranje delovnih mest, inovativnih idej, družbene blaginje in napredka. Široka spoznanja o pomenu hitro rastočih podjetij izvirajo iz zelo raznolikih raziskav omenjenega področja, ki so primarno usmerjene predvsem v pojasnjevanje pomena podjetništva, značilnosti podjetij (demografskih dejavnikov) in vpliva na kreiranje zaposlovanja ter ustvarjanja ekonomske rasti. V slednje bi lahko uvrstili tudi področje preučevanja finančne uspešnosti hitro rastočih podjetij, saj bo le v primeru, da bo hitro rastoče podjetje finančno uspešno, le-to lahko poslovalo (in zaposlovalo) na za podjetje pričakovani ravni. Kot predlaga teorija mreženja, bo organizacijska sposobnost mreženja predstavljala pomemben vidik oblikovanja finančne uspešnosti podjetja. Organizacijska sposobnost mreženja se je namreč izkazala kot pomemben dejavnik, ki lahko vpliva na finančno uspešnost, tako neposredno, kot tudi posredno preko vpliva na dostopnost do finančnih virov in informacij s katerimi podjetje razpolaga. V prispevku, na vzorcu n=125 hitro rastočih podjetij iz Republike Slovenije, analiziramo vpliv organizacijske zmožnosti mreženja na finančno uspešnost. Raziskava temelji na slučajnem vzorcu hitro rastočih podjetij, ki so bila vsaj enkrat med letoma 2011 in 2016 uvrščena na seznam hitro rastočih podjetijpo metodologiji Agencije republike Slovenije za javnopravne evidence in storitve. Rezultati potrjujejo spoznanja preteklih raziskav, čeprav smo z analizo ugotovili zgolj obstoj šibkih, statistično značilnih, pozitivnih vplivov. Rezultati tako nakazujejo na pomen organizacijske zmožnosti mreženja, katerega pomena v ekosistemu hitro rastočih podjetij, zagotovo ne gre zanemariti.

RAZNOLIKOST ODNOSA IZMEĐU KOMUNIKACIJE, GRUPNE KOHEZIJE I ISHODA NA RAZLIČITIM NIVOIMA

Author(s): Jelena Z. Golubović,Vesna Milanović,Andrea D. Bučalina Matić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U radu je prezentovana raznolikost odnosa između komunikacije, grupne kohezije i ishoda tj. zadovoljstva i performansi koji su posmatrani na individualnom i grupnom nivou. Komunikacija je posmatrana kroz informacionu i relacionu dimenziju, komunikaciju licem u lice i elektronsku komunikaciju. Grupna kohezija je posmatrana kroz dimenziju kohezije zadatka grupe i društvenu dimenziju kohezije grupe. Performanse su posmatrane kroz individualne performanse posla, performanse zadatka grupe i kontekstualne performanse. Zadovoljstvo je posmatrano kroz individualno zadovoljstvo poslom i zadovoljstvo zadatkom grupe. Sve navedene varijable imaju osobinu multidimenzionalnosti koja čini da su njihovi međusobni odnosi složeni i još uvek nedovoljno jasni. Zbog toga su i dalje aktuelno područje istraživanja koja imaju multidisciplinarni karakter. Ciljevi ovog rada su: 1) da predstavi grupnu koheziju, komunikaciju, zadovoljstvo i performanse kao multidimenzionalne konstrukte 2) da prezentuje važne nalaze dosadašnjih istraživanja o njihovim međusobnim odnosima i da se na osnovu toga izvedu zaključci o relacijama u kojima se nalaze njihove pojedinačne dimenzije. Shodno navedenom postavljena je struktura rada. Istraživanje relevantne literature je sprovedeno tokom poslednjeg kvartala 2018. godine. Dobijeni rezultati potvrđuju složenost svih varijabli, i raznolikost njihovih međusobnih odnosa koji su redstavljeni kroz tri celine: komunikacija – performanse, komunikacija – grupna kohezija; grupna kohezija – performanse; grupna kohezija – zadovoljstvo – performanse.

ВЛИЈАНИЕ И ПРИМЕНA НА ИНТЕРНЕТ МАРКЕТИНГ СТРАТЕГИИ ВО КОМПАНИИТЕ ЗА ПРОИЗВОСТВО И ПРОМЕНТ НА СИТЕН АЛАТ ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА

Author(s): Dimitar Jovevski,Snezana Ristevska Jovanovska,Elena Spirova / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

Интернет маркетингот e познат и како е-маркетинг, веб маркетинг или дигитален маркетинг и е сеопфатен термин за спроведување маркетинг активности за производите и/ или услугите онлајн како и многу други сеопфатни термини. Интернет маркетингот значи различни работи за различни луѓе. Додека очигледната цел на интернет маркетингот е да се продаваат производи и услуги или да се врши промоција преку интернет, компаниите можат преку интернетот да комуницираат, да пренесуваат или разменуваат пораки во врска со сами- те себе или да водат истражувања. Интернет маркетингот може да биде многу ефективно средство за идентификување на целниот пазар или за откривање на маркетинг сегментите и нивните потреби и желби. Гледано од маркетиншки аспект, социјалните медиуми стануваат сè позначајни, меѓутоа мно- гу бизниси се несигурни дали прифаќањето на социјалните медиуми ќе ја унапреди горната линија ако има тешкотии во усогласувањето на маркетинг активностите преку социјалните медиуми со зголемувањето на продажбата.

THE IMAGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORKS. AN ANALYSIS OF THE BANKING ENVIRONMENT IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Victor-Alexandru Briciu,Arabela Briciu,Ștefania – Maria Găitan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF ALBANIAN FIRMS

Author(s): Rezart Prifti / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Organizational innovation theories mostly utilize a dichotomous division between types of innovation and stages of innovation. For instance, the dual core theory dissects innovation in administrative and technical dimensions, hereby emphasizing the dissimilarities between technical and social systems of an organization (Daft 1978; Damanpour & Evan 1984). Moreover, the theory of innovation radicalness uses a different phrasing of organizational innovativeness, whereas the ambidextrous theory of innovation examines how an organization adopts certain innovations by identifying two separate stages. This paper’s purpose is to investigate how organizational innovation affects two other aspects of innovation – technical and administrative innovation – which comprise the general innovation construct. The study was conducted employing a sample of 100 Albanian firms, where the organizational innovation model has been enquired to test the effect it exercises on general organizational innovativeness (simply referred to as innovation). This structure is further controlled by the influence of several independent variables, including company size, employee education level, production vs. service-based orientation, and whether the firm sources its research and development (R&D) activities internally or externally. Despite some inconclusive evidence, the empirical findings presented in this study demonstrate an overall positive relationship between organizational innovation and firm innovative activity, as related to technical and administrative innovation. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the only Albanian study that measures organizational innovation and firm innovativeness.

GENDER INEQUALITY ON THE MACEDONIAN LABOUR MARKET

Author(s): Aleksandra Lozanoska,Elizabeta Djambaska,Vladimir Petkovski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The labour market is facing different forms of inequality and discrimination against workers on the basis of gender, age and health. Gender gaps are one of the most pressing challenges. Globally, women are substantially less likely than men to participate on the labour market and to find jobs. Their access to quality employment opportunities is limited. Many researches have shown that there is a significant difference between the genders, in terms of the wage levels, occupation, working hours, economic status, duration of the unemployment etc. The research hypothesis of the paper is that Republic of Macedonia has gender inequality on its labour market, seen through different position of men and women regarding their economic activity, employment and unemployment. The aim of the paper is to identify the level of gender inequality and the differences between men and women on the Macedonian labour market. The paper consists of two segments. The first is focused on the theoretical aspects of the gender inequality, as well as on the measures and indicators which can determine the scale of gender inequality. In the second part, the situation on the Macedonian labour market regarding the position and differences between men and women is observed. For that purpose, the economic activity, employment and unemployment of men and women (by age, educational attainment, economic status, working hours, sectors of activity, occupations, wages and other) is analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the position of women was and remains worse than of the men. It is seen in their lower participation in the economic activity and employment in the country, in the higher unemployment rates, longer unemployment, lower wages, in an increase of the average time to find work, in the proportion of women in traditionally female occupations etc. The gender inequality demands more attention in order to improve existing legislation and to implement labour market policies which will ensure higher participation of women on the labour market. Therefore, the paper, also, notes some recommendations to overcome the unfavorable situation of women on the Macedonian labour market. The study of the gender inequality on the Macedonian labour market is made for the last decade, using the available data from the State Statistical office of the Republic of Macedonia. For the purpose of the research, reports, data and statistical analyses on gender inequality from different international institutions (Eurostat, World Bank, World Economic Forum and International Labour Organization) are also used. Concerning the methodology, the study is based on the qualitative methods such as: analysis of literature and documents and deductive reasoning, as well as on the quantitative method of descriptive statistics.