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The basic purpose of the text is a reflexion on the problems with methodological directives that stem from the works of Foucault. Simultaneously, this voice imprints itself into the general understanding of styles of reception of an idea and Foucauldian concepts of social studies. By the use of the term “method” the author refers both to the varieties of methodological premises present in the literature concerned with methodological social studies and to the strategies of reading they represent. The analysis of the reception of “Foucault’s methodology” leads us to a conclusion that it posits itself between two opposite poles. The first pole attempts to provide precise methodological guidelines allowing a faithful reconstruction of Foucauldian ways, while applying them to a different sphere of inquest (the transcription strategy). Located on the other pole are methodological varieties of different type—transformations, redefinitions of Foucauldian categories, and syntheses of various approaches (the fugue strategy).
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The aim of this paper is a critical reflection on Michel Foucault’s concept of dispositive and its application in social research. Dispositive means a heterogenic composition of discursive and non-discursive elements of social reality linked together with the dynamic relations of power. Since two decades in the frames of post-Foucauldian discourse analysis the attempts at operationalizing the category of dispositive have been made. As an analytical category dispositive refers to the mechanisms of socially dispersed power, which can be studied empirically on the basis of discursive and non-discursive data. A research perspective of dispositive analysis has emerged as a result of an interest in dispositive. This paper presents the main guidelines of this perspective, as well as a typology of applications of the Foucauldian category of dispositive in empirical research, illustrated with chosen examples of German and Polish scholars’ works. This presentation is accompanied by a consideration of inconsistencies and deficiencies of such methodological approach.
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Hungarian successes at the Winter and Summer Olympic games preceding 1945 have been linked in numerous cases to athletes who have been, at the same time, officers or sub-officers of the Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Army, respectively the Royal Hungarian Army. The reason for this close association between military and sports life lies in factors pertaining to military education and the various military education institutes, as well as the specific education of the military officers. Physical education and sports have always been an important part of military training in Hungary. During their preparation for military service, the recruits have gained proficiency not only in the so-called “military sports” (such as marksmanship, fencing and horse riding), but sports such as swimming or gymnastics have also played a major role in their military training.
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Sports have become the most encompassing and characteristic cultural formation of modern societies in the past century, functioning at the same time as mass movement and entertainment, popular pastime and spectacle, hobby, profession, industry and commercial business. Modern sports culture was born in England, from where it spread worldwide through such means as aristocratic sports life, college sports, mass sports companies, sports clubs and associations, as well as the pacifist Olympic ideal and the sport cult of totalitarian states, until it has finally become, in the last decades of the 20th century, one of the most profitable branch of the global entertainment industry.
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The author, who is one of the most prominent Hungarian sports commentators, reminisces about the humble beginnings of sports broadcasting in his country, the differences between television and radio sports broadcasting styles, and the characteristic of black-and-white TV broadcasts. According to his opinion, and contrary to the popular belief of the fans, sports events broadcasted by television can be at least just as enjoyable to watch as the actual event. The role of the commentator has also changed in time because of new information technologies which empower the viewer. The author’s personal history of sports broadcasting also contains an overview of his activity as a long-time TV commentator of the Olympic Games for the Hungarian-speaking public.
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On December 26, 1948, Cardinal Mindszenty, Archbishop of Ersztergom and Prince-Primate of Hungary, was arrested by the Communist government. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, deprivation of political rights and confiscation of all personal property on February 8, 1949. His trial and condemnation were meant to send multiple messages: the exclusion of Catholics from public life and the political isolation of the Catholic Church; the issuing of a threat to the priests of Hungary and other Eastern-European countries; the general demonstration of the fact that no ecclesiastical establishment or member of the clergy is safe from Communist power; to disclaim the moral authority of the US and the West by showing that the beneficiaries of political power can violate religious freedom with impunity, they can ignore public opinion and infringe upon the rights of citizens.
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Vida Gábor írásában sok igazság és sok keserûség van. Ez utóbbi is érthetõ, hiszen aki ma a könyvcsinálással bármilyen vonatkozásban kapcsolatban áll, azt egyre inkább elfogja a tehetetlen keserûség. A magunk pászmájáról sok mindennel tudnánk kiegészíteni kritikai észrevételeit. Ezeket az elmúlt években illetékes vagy illetéktelen helyen sokan el is mondtuk, eredménytelenül. Mert bár hangzottak el azok nyomán néha ígéretek illetékes helyekrõl, a lényeget tekintve semmi nem változott.
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„A Szcientológia egy vallás, amelyet L. Ron Hubbard fejlesztett ki, és amely az ember való- di szellemi természetének és önmagához, családjához, csoportokhoz, az Emberiséghez, minden életformához, a fizikai univerzumhoz, a szellemi univerzumhoz és a Legfelsõbb Lényhez való viszonyának teljes és biztos megértéséhez kínál pontos útvonalat”1 – válaszolja a Mi a szcientológia? kérdésre a nemzetközi hivatalos honlap tájékoztató része. Napjaink egyik leggyorsabb ütemben terjeszkedõ egyházáról lévén szó, jelen írásban nem vállalkozom a kérdésre adott feleletek átfogó összegzésére – maga az egyház több ezer kötetet jelentetett meg, az ellene felszólalók is majdnem ugyanennyit –, ehelyett a vallás kialakulása és meghirdetett alapelvei kerülnek e gondolatmenet fókuszába, Alain Badiou Etikájának2 lencséjén át szemlélve.
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On his 70th birthday, Kádár could count social consensus among the achievements, yet only because he was aware of the fact that time began to erode social peace, which has been so difficultly realized. The reasons for this erosion were twofold. For one, the economy has stagnated for years. For a large part of the intellectual community, the status quo and the levelling social politics associated with it began to seem unsatisfactory, because it limited them in the actualization of their full potential. These groups were increasingly cramped by the inhibition of private initiative and by the lack of political freedom. On the other hand, the contrast between the situation of Hungarians within and beyond the borders also increased. The public opinion of intellectuals urged the Hungarian government to take action against the oppression of Hungarian minorities living abroad, yet the government remained cautious. The regime of Kádár did not take violent measures against the civic opposition during its process of formation, because the recourse to dictatorial measures would have signified an admission of the crisis. Hungary, as well as Kádár himself, could not take the step back to a practice already transcended, and neither Hungarian society, nor the international public opinion would have tolerated it.
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A Petõfi Sándor eltûnésérõl, illetve halálá- ról szóló, némi hitelt érdemlõ visszaemlékezéseknek van két állandó elemük: az egyik szerint az illetõ szerzõ beszélt (utoljára) a költõvel; a másik szerint az illetõ szerzõ majdnem megmentette Petõfit, de aztán különbözõ tényezõk miatt ez mégsem sikerült neki. Az 1849. július 31-ei segesvár-fehéregyházi ütkö- zetrõl szóló tucatnyi leírás között ugyanakkor van egy, amely ugyan már több mint 130 éve napvilágot látott, azonban sem a had-, sem az irodalomtörténet-írás nem foglalkozott külö- nösebben a forrásértékével, holott mindkét elemet megtaláljuk benne. Ez Teleki Sándor gróf, ezredesnek, Petõfi barátjának, „az erdé- lyi összes hadsereg fõfelügyelõjének” 1888- ban megjelent visszaemlékezése, az Utolsó találkozásom Petõfi Sándorral
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The aim of paper is to identify the features of the transitory stage of economic development between the investment-driven and innovation-driven stages. The analysis was based on the inferences drawn by the institutional and endogenous growth theory. It was found that the main barriers to the advancement to the innovation-driven stage of development are the following: institutional obstacles including high transaction costs, variability of law regulation system, asymmetry of information, and risks in relations between companies and R&D sector. Barriers to the transition include also development paradigms of polish fi rms, shortsightedness in their decision making, and high level of risk of innovation activity. These fundamental features of the transitory stage of development are the key causes of a low innovativeness level of the economy and a lack on innovation-promoting results of structural public support from the EU.
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